Luckey Roberts Explained

Luckey Roberts
Background:non_vocal_instrumentalist
Birth Name:Charles Luckyth Roberts[1]
Birth Date:August 7, 1887
Birth Place:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Death Place:New York City, U.S.
Spouse:
    Occupation:Musician, composer, dancer, entertainer, orchestra and band director, instructor, restaurant and bar proprietor
    Instrument:Piano
    Charles Luckyth Roberts
    Other Names:Charles Luckeyth Roberts
    C. Luckeyth Roberts
    Luckey Roberts
    Lucky Roberts
    Birth Date:August 7, 1887
    Birth Place:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
    Death Place:New York City, U.S.
    Burial Place:Frederick Douglass Memorial Gardens in Bay Terrace on Staten Island, New York.
    Relatives:William L. Roberts (father)
    Elizabeth Williams (mother)
    Spouse:

      Charles Luckyth Roberts (August 7, 1887 – February 5, 1968),[2] better known as Luckey Roberts, was an American composer and stride pianist who worked in the jazz, ragtime, and blues styles. Roberts performed as musician, band/orchestra conductor, and dancer. He taught music and dance. He also owned a restaurant and bar in New York City and in Washington, D.C.Luckey Roberts noted compositions include "Junk Man Rag", "Moonlight Cocktail",[3] "Pork and Beans" (1913),[4] and "Railroad Blues".[5]

      Life and career

      Childhood with Traveling Vaudeville Acts[6] [7] [8]

      Luckey Roberts was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States,[2] and was playing piano and acting professionally with traveling Vaudeville and Negro minstrel shows in his childhood. His father, William Roberts, an unaccredited self-taught veterinarian, was overwhelmed by the responsibility of single-parenthood when his mother, Elizabeth Williams Roberts, tragical died just three weeks after his birth. His father engaged the Ringolds, a show-business family, to raise him. With the Ringolds influence, he became a lifelong Quaker, teetotaler (Teetotalism), and abstained from using tobacco.[6] [8] His first stage performance was as a toddler with a troupe performing Uncle Tom's Cabin.[8] His vaudeville career began at age 5.

      By the age of 7, he had taught himself to play piano, but only in the key of F-sharp, which is based on the black keys. As a child, he was paid to sing and dance with Gus Sulky (sometimes spelled Gus Selke[8]) and his Pickaninnies in theater work as a picaninny.[6] His father was involved in his childhood, ensuring his health and happiness. One biographer reports: "One night his father saw him perform for the first time dressed only in a raffia shirt. Enraged, Roberts Sr. stopped the show. The packed house roared, thinking the scene was part of the show."[7]

      Reconciliation was made, and Roberts' father financed a visit to Lonnie Hicks (Hoofers Club), a leading ragtime pianist, who Roberts later credited with mentoring his early career in music. Roberts also performed with Mayme Remington's Black Buster Brownies Ethiopian Prodigies. For about a 10-year period, Roberts toured Europe three times in addition to many USA performances which showcased his childhood talents of singing, dancing, tumbling, and juggling. Mayme Remington's troupe paid him $1.25 weekly plus room and board and tutoring (from the team Prevost, Rice & Prevost),[8] and sent his father $5 weekly for five years.[7] Roberts accompanied the drum corps at Philadelphia's First Regiment Armoury one summer.[6]

      Roberts performed at Billy William's restaurant, in Baltimore, Maryland, in the summer of 1905. Roberts took fighting lessons from Joe Gans, a former lightweight champion boxer. During this time he and pianist Eubie Blake, a lifelong friend, at Joe Gans's saloon, collaborated on ideas for piano composition.[6] During another vacation from annual vaudeville touring, he performed at the Green Dragon saloon in Philadelphia.[6]

      1910 and the origins of Stride

      Roberts settled in New York City about 1910. He became one of the leading pianists in Harlem and started publishing some of his original rags, assisted by Artie Matthews although he regularly won cutting contests he was still learning how to annotate music:[2]

      On December 28, 1911, he married his lifelong partner Lena Sanford Roberts, a musical comedy actress, who he met while they were traveling with J. Leubrie Hill in the My Friend from Dixie company. Lena frequently performed as a soloist in Roberts's bands in the Harlem Renaissance and throughout his career.

      In 1911, Roberts composed "The Junk Man Rag", but since he could not yet notate music, he elicited ragtime pianist Artie Matthews's help to create publishable sheet music.[6] In 1913, "The Junk Man Rag," a one-step, with lyrics Chris Smith and Ferd Mierisch, for Turkey Trot Opera written by Will Marion Cook.[14] "The Junk Man Rag" was subsequently published both as an instrumental (piano) solo and as a song (with lyrics by Chris Smith (composer) (1879–1949) and Ferd E. Mierisch (fl. 1911–1914), by Jos. W. Stern & Co., 102-104 W. 38th St., N.Y., 1913[15] Roberts sheet music was often annotated as being 'simplified' since the complex ornamentation and decoration that he and the other ragtime performers embellished into their pieces were not easily scored or played by others. Fortunately, there are existing recordings and piano rolls of Roberts and contemporaries performing "The Junk Man Rag":

      A complete analysis of Roberts work would therefore necessarily entail an in-depth analysis of the published scores, a study of any existing piano rolls (which don't always capture the dynamics) and recordings (which at the time had difficulty capturing rapid embellishments), as well as a consideration of interviews and contemporary commentary which give insight into the performance improvisation and reading the room whether for stage performance, a cutting competition, or private dance entertainment.

      Roberts next big hit was "Pork and Beans", annotated as a One-Step or Two-Step and recognized as a Fox Trot, and an early example of Stride (music) style.[22] Some notable recordings of "Pork and Beans" exist at the Library of Congress and on YouTube:

      From 1911 to 1919, among other work, Roberts served as the music director with producers Homer Tutt and Salem Tutt Whitney in their Southern Smart Set Company, an off-broadway troupe, that produced the Smart Set musical comedy[29] [8] Together they formed the Roberts & Tutts Publishing Company, 110 West 130th St. New York City, and some of Robert's compositions were published as sheet music from Smart Set Company musical comedies. Tutt Brothers hired Roberts to write some musical comedies:

      These successes led to a series of very popular compositions by Roberts for solo piano and song (vocalist and piano):

      In 1913, through the encouragement of Lester Walton, Roberts teamed up with lyricist Alex Rogers to produce Broadway musicals, many of which resulted in subsequent publication of popular sheet music. Roberts successful partnership with Rogers lasted until 1930 when Rogers died.[7]

      For many years, Roberts held side jobs: doubled as a pool hustler, taught music and dance, and taught boxing and swimming at the YMCA.[6]

      World War I (1914 - 1918)

      During World War I, he served with the 369th Infantry Regiment (United States) "Hellfighters" platoon and band.[8] [41] Roberts toured France and the UK with James Reese Europe during World War I.[2]

      Notable war-themed works:

      Through these associations he became an occasional performer for the Vernon and Irene Castle dance team.[8]

      1920s

      When Roberts returned to New York where he wrote music for various shows and recorded piano rolls.[8]

      With James P. Johnson, Roberts developed the stride piano style of playing about 1919. Roberts' reach on the keyboard was unusually large (he could reach a fourteenth), leading to a rumor that he had the webbing between his fingers surgically cut, which those who knew him and saw him play live denounce as false; Roberts simply had naturally large hands with wide finger spread.[2]

      Roberts was the orchestra director of Shuffle Inn (165 West 131st Street, New York), named after hit musical revue Shuffle Along, by Noble Sissle and Eubie Blake, a venue that opened in November 1921 and was managed by Jack Goldberg.[46] In 1923, the Shuffle Inn moved to basement next door to the Lafayette Theatre and was renamed Connie's Inn.

      Roberts 1920s hit "Railroad Blues", a fox trot, was published and recorded for solo piano, as a song with vocalist and piano, and as an orchestration. In "Railroad Blues", Roberts mimics the sounds of a train using his stride (music) techniques:

      His other 1920s notable solo works with various lyricists include:

      In the 1920s Roberts toured with, Luckey Roberts and His 12 Browns on Vaudeville.[8]

      Roberts and Rogers Collaboration (1913-1930)[7]

      In 1920, Roberts and Alex Rogers started the publishing company, Rogers & Roberts at 386 Cumberland Street in Brooklyn, at first releasing songs from their musical comedy Baby Blues.[8] Throughout the 1920s, Roberts composed music and co-wrote Broadway musicals, generally credited with contributing to 23 musicals,[51] as well as radio comedy shows. Many of their successful numbers were performed by famous show celebrities include They wrote successful numbers for such famous show folk as Molly Williams, Nora Bayes, Bert Williams, Al Jolson, Sophie Tucker, and Marie Cahill.[7]

      Radio Comedy

      Alex Rogers and Roberts wrote all the material for the radio comedy show Two Black Crows, featuring Moran and Mack, broadcast every Sunday night at 9 p.m. over station WABC for several months. They collaborated to write the sketch. Roberts played piano solos and Alex Rogers played a character in the skit.[7] A few recordings are available online as audio files at the University of California, Santa Barbara, Library:

      Broadway and Off-Broadway Musicals

      Hit Singles

      Among the hit singles with music by Roberts and lyrics by Rogers were:

      Comedy Phonographic (Monologue, Sketch, Song)

      The Library of Congress National Jukebox archive and the University of California San Diego's Discography of American Historical Recordings Collection include a number of routines written by Rogers and Roberts. These are often performed by Rogers with Roberts accompanying on piano. Eddie Hunter, a comedian and the star of Broadway show How Come recorded and sold several commercially.

      Contributions to the Ziegfeld Follies

      Having been introduced to Florenz Ziegfeld Jr. by Will Marion Cook, Roberts composed numbers for Bert Williams, then the star of the Ziegfeld Follies.[29]

      Roberts created and performed"Midnight Frolic Glide", the finale of Florenz Ziegfeld Jr.'s two-season (1916–1917) Follies, that clicked on the New Amsterdam Roof.[7] A recording (Victor 35645-A, recorded July 2, 1917, Conway's Band, Patrick Conway, Conductor) includes "Midnight Frolic - Medley Fox Trot" likely this piece,[73] although generally the entire show music is credited to David Stamper.

      The records are scarce for determining exactly which comedy routines written by Roberts and Rogers were performed in the Ziegfeld Follies by comedians like Bert Williams and Eddie Cantor, but their comedy sketches featuring Eddie Hunter are representative. For example, Bert Williams performed "Elder Eatmore's Sermon".

      Around August 1927, Florenz Ziegfeld hired Rogers and Roberts to select and work with a chorus of 40 performers for Show Boat.[65]

      Entertainer for Social Registered Aristocracy

      In 1924, Luckey accepted an elite social-function gig at the Everglades Club in Palm Beach, a resort for New York Society "snowbirds". He moved his band seasonally to Palm Beach to accept the many requests for private entertainment for their various social functions.[22] At the time, he charged about $1,700 for a single engagement, and his musicians were among the highest paid in the profession.[7] It was noted in that the foxtrot and the Charleston were commonly danced at these parties. Elmer Snowden, a banjo player in Robert's group, recalled playing for millionaires as late as 1935 to 1939.[6] Although Society was hit hard by the Great Depression, Roberts, admired for his generosity, was resilient and reported to have anonymously given away Christmas baskets during the hardest years.[6]

      Roberts performed in Palm Beach and New York City Society Dinner Parties.[74] Roberts frequently helped New York Society ladies with charity entertainment both by performing at charity events[75] [76] [77] and by instructing society ladies in dance for their own benefit performances.[78] [79]

      More than 100 guests was a dinner-dance enjoyed Roberts playing in the dining salon and then on the top deck of the floating hotel, Amphitrite, at a party given by Mrs. James Deering in honor of Princess Rospigliosi.[80] In addition to playing the piano and leading his band, Roberts would sometimes dance for guests, with mentions of such at parties of Mrs. W. K. Vanderbilt 2d particularly noted in newspapers.

      Throughout his life, Roberts earned money through side occupations of dancing, playing pool, and giving instruction in music, dance, boxing, and swimming. The records of these engagements are scarce; however, the New York Times and the New York Daily News featured articles about his tutelage of the New York Society in dance, particularly to learn the Charleston. New York Society ladies, while at their summer homes in Palm Beach, were putting on a special charity event version of the Ziegfeld Follies, with Society Ladies performing alongside a few Ziegfeld girls in dance routines. Roberts was employed to teach dance to these members of the Social Registered Aristocracy.

      Among his students were Mr. and Mrs. Joshua S. Cosden, Mrs. Louis G. Kaufman, Mrs. William K. Dick (Madeleine Force, the former widow Mrs. John Jacob Astor), Mrs. Theodore Frelinghuysen, Mr. and Mrs. Edward F. Hutton, Countess Salm, Mr. and Mrs. J. J. O'Brien, Florenz Ziegfeld, Billie Burke, wife of Florenz Ziegfeld Jr., Harold Vanderbilt, Mrs. A. J. Drexel Jr. and Major and Mrs. Barclay Warburton, Mrs. Frederick Frelinghuysen, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Breese, Mrs. Ernest Gagne, Rodman Wanamaker, Paris Singer, Mrs. Edward Shearson, Mrs. Gurne Munn, and Marilyn Miller.[78] [81]

      Roberts and returned to New York after the season, and resumed teaching society there alongside Paul Bass. Grace Robinson, of the New York Times wrote:

      If the dulcet strains of "Magnolia," which afford the very best Charlestoning, float out of exclusive $40,000-a-year Fifth ave. apartments as you rattle by in a bus, you may know that Lucky Roberts and Paul Bass are still earning gin and baby shoes.[81]

      Roberts relayed that Mrs. Louis G. Kaufman was his most proficient pupil, and was learning the 30 original Charleston steps and their 1000 variations, including the camel walk, the Charleston kick, the scissors step, and falling off the log and tap.

      Roberts suggested that Palm Beach lessons were easier because the Palm Beachites practiced in bathing suits after their morning dip, a costume that "afforded freedom of movement". Roberts explained when the number called on dancers to "droop their knees" that the ladies "knocked their kneebones together almost as well as Paul or I could do it." Roberts is quoted:[81] "It takes a lot of patience to teach these here society folks," admits Lucky. "But once they get the swing of it, there's no stopping them."

      World War II (1939–1945)

      Thirty years after composing the syncopated tune "Ripple of the Nile" (1912), which proved too difficult for most players of the day and was not copyrighted or published, Roberts drastically slowed the tempo around 1940 to teach it to a student. Realizing that it sounded good as a ballad, he collaborated with Kim Gannon to add lyrics and published it under a new title, "Moonlight Cocktail".[3] [6]

      MOONLIGHT COCKTAILS

Couple of jiggers of moonlight and add a star
Pour in the blue of a June night and one guitar
Mix in a couple of dreamers and there you are
Lovers hail the Moonlight Cocktail
Now add a couple of flowers, a drop of dew
Stir for a couple of hours 'til dreams come true
Adds to the number of kisses, it's up to you
Moonlight Cocktail, need a few
Cool it in the summer breeze
Serve it in the starlight underneath the trees
You'll discover tricks like these 
Are sure to make your Moonlight Cocktail please
Follow the simple directions and they will bring
Life of another complexion where you'll be king
You will awake in the morning and start to sing
Moonlight Cocktails are the thing
Follow the simple directions and they will bring
Life of another complexion where you'll be king
You will awake in the morning and start to sing
Moonlight Cocktails are the thing

      Glenn Miller and his orchestra performed the number first on New York's station WABC, and it rapidly became among top ten on Hit Parade.[7] "Moonlight Cocktail"[3] was recorded by the Glenn Miller Orchestra with vocal support by Ray Eberle and the Modernaires,[22] and was the best selling record in the United States for ten weeks in 1942. "Moonlight Cocktail" was the number one American song hit of World War II and sold over one million recordings by Bing Crosby and Glenn Miller.[7]

      Its fast rise from No. 9 in March 1942 to No. 1 by May 1942 was celebrated by Variety (magazine), which hailed it as "No. 1 all over the nation"; Billboard (magazine), which gave it aleading position for several weeks; and New York Enquirer, which listed it as no. 1 in sheet music sales of the eastern states and the West Coast, and no. 2 in the Middle West.[7] "Moonlight Cocktail" became the song of wartime America.[7]

      Through cards and letters, the armed forces voted Glenn Miller's recording of "Moonlight Cocktail" as No. 1 Hitof America, prompting an April 11, 1942 thank you from Glenn Miller.[7] Mary Martin sang it on-air radio for Hollywood to the armed forces of the nation on April 18, 1942; soon after many celebrities performed and recorded it, including Horace Heidt, Tommy Tucker (bandleader), Joe Reichman and his orchestra, Dolly Dawn and Her Dawn Patrol.[7]

      1940s–1960s

      Roberts remained an active composer and performer his entire life. Notable compositions from his later years:

      Reportedly with the income he earned from the sales of "Moonlight Cocktail" and another semi-popular song "Massachusetts", Roberts opened Luckey's Rendezvous [Rendezvous Inn, Rendezvous Club],[22] (773 St. Nicholas Avenue) which quickly became an active as a venue for many styles of music, employing opera singers as waiters who also performed, jazz musicians, and a feature point of the evening entertainment being a solo piano performance by Roberts himself. He sold the venue in 1954.[46] It's been said that Roberts had big hands, and an even bigger heart. Rumor was that he gave away so many free drinks that the business eventually failed.[6]

      Robert composed a classical, a three-movement Spanish Suite (1939), reworking earlier work "Spanish Fandango"[11] as a movement. "Spanish Suite" was performed with symphonic orchestra in his Carnegie Hall concert, August 1939.[82] Eleanore Roosevelt (Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt) was among his patrons.[7]

      July 1, 1940, Roberts was severely injured in an automobile accident: his jaw, his right hand, and both feet were broken.[7]

      Roberts composed "miniature syncopated rhapsody" for piano and orchestra called "Whistlin' Pete" (1941). Despite recent injuries and strokes, Roberts performed a full concert of his own compositions at the New York City Town Hall on May 28, 1941.[7] [6]

      On 18 January and 8 February 1946, Roberts performed as pianist with an all-star traditional jazz group for the first two shows inthe radio series This Is Jazz; and the following he recorded "Railroad Blues" and his five durable compositions: "Ripples of the Nile," "Pork and Beans," "Shy and Sly," "Music Box Rag," and "Junk Man Rag" for Blesh's Circle label.[6]

      His wife Lena Sanford Roberts passed away in 1958.In 1958, Roberts suffered a stroke shortly before recording an album, Harlem Piano Solos. Later, a second stroke impaired his control of his left hand.[6]

      An astute businessman, Roberts became a millionaire twice through real estate dealings. He reportedly owned a bar in New York City and a restaurant in Washington, D. C. He was very generous throughout his life, and had paid for a medical library at Harlem Hospital.[6]

      Very late in life, Roberts wrote two more musicals:

      He passed away before they could be realized.

      On February 5, 1968, Roberts died in New York City. He is buried at the Frederick Douglass Memorial Gardens in Bay Terrace on Staten Island, New York.[83]

      See also

      Bibliography

      External links

      Notes and References

      1. Book: Jasen, David A. . Trebor Jay Tichenor . Rags and Ragtime: A Musical History . Dover Publications, Inc. . 1978 . New York, NY . 0-486-25922-6 . 187–188 . registration .
      2. Book: The Guinness Encyclopedia of Popular Music. Colin Larkin. Guinness Publishing. 1992. First. 0-85112-939-0. 2103/4.
      3. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts. Watch: Moonlight Cocktail - Luckey Roberts, arr. Glenn Miller. youtube.com . metaphorce42. en . video . July 25, 2023.
      4. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts. Watch: born August 7, 1887 Luckey Roberts "Pork and Beans". youtube.com . Remember Our Music. en . video . August 7, 2016.
      5. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts. Watch: Luckey Roberts Railroad Blues. youtube.com . jazzgirl1920s. en . video . March 21, 2009.
      6. Web site: American National Biography (ABN) Online: Roberts, Luckey (07 August 1887?–05 February 1968), ragtime, theatrical, and jazz pianist and composer . Kerfeld . Barry. February 1, 2000 . American National Biography (ABN) . American National Biography Online (anb.org) . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1802843 . September 30, 2023 .
      7. Book: Sampson, Henry T. . Blacks in Blackface: A Source Book on Early Black Musical Shows 2nd Edition . The Scarecrow Press . 2014 . 978-0-8108-8350-5.
      8. Web site: Charles Luckeyth "Luckey" Roberts . Bill . Edwards . RagPiano . September 24, 2023 .
      9. Luckey Roberts* & Willie "The Lion" Smith – Luckey & The Lion: Harlem Piano . Luckey. Roberts . . 1960 . LP . Stereo . Stereo . U.S.A..
      10. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts. Luckey Roberts Nothin' Db Maj - 12 pages. As played by Luckey Roberts (March 18, 1958) . Audio Transcription . Blue Black Jazz . U.S.A..
      11. Web site: Transcriptions by Tom Roberts .
      12. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts. Watch: Ripples of the Nile (Piano Solo) from "This Is Jazz" The Historic Broadcasts, Vol. 1. played by the composer Luckey Roberts, February 8, 1947 . youtube.com . Luckey Roberts - Topic. en . video . September 29, 2016.
      13. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts. Watch: Luckey Roberts - Ripples Of The Nile [May 21, 1946] ]. 12probandoprobando . en . video . January 25, 2014.
      14. Will Marion Cook (1869-1944): Shows List and Songs and Instrumental Numbers" (2017) . October 17, 2017 . Peter M. . Lefferts . Faculty Publications: School of Music . UNL School of Music . September 24, 2023 .
      15. Web site: The Junk Man Rag (Roberts, Luckey) . August 11, 2021 . Feduol . International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP) . September 30, 2023 .
      16. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts. Watch: Junk Man Rag (1914) played by the composer. youtube.com . Keeper1st. en . video . April 25, 2008.
      17. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts. Watch: C. Luckyth Roberts The Junk Man Rag 1910s piano roll on 1912 pump player piano p/b Artis Wodehouse. youtube.com . Artis Wodehouse. en . video . May 12, 2023.
      18. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts. Watch:C. Luckyth Roberts The Junk Man Rag 1910s piano roll on 1912 pump player piano p/b Artis Wodehouse. youtube.com . Catt967 . en . video . December 17, 2012.
      19. Web site: Audio Recording: The Junk Rag, One-step or two-step . Luckey Roberts (composer), Victor Military Band (musical group), Walter B. Rogers (conductor) . Library of Congress . September 30, 2023 .
      20. Web site: Audio Recording: Junk Man Rag Columbia Graphophone Company . Luckey Roberts (composer), Van Eps, Fred (Banjo soloist), unknown (orchestra) . Library of Congress . September 30, 2023 .
      21. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts. Watch: Junk Man Rag (1913) - Very early hand-played piano roll . youtube.com . autopiano . en . video . November 3, 2012.
      22. "Luckey Roberts, Willie "the Lion" Smith, "Fats" Waller, and James P. Johnson: An Analysis of Historical, Cultural, and Performance Aspects of Stride Piano from 1910 to 1940" (2013). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. . Womack. Jacob . January 1, 2013 . Jacob Womack . West Virginia University The Research Repository . 10.33915/etd.5012 . September 30, 2023 . free .
      23. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts. Watch: born August 7, 1887 Luckey Roberts "Pork and Beans" . youtube.com . Remember Our Music. en . video . August 7, 2016.
      24. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts. Watch: Pork and Beans . youtube.com . James P. Johnson's Harmony Eight - Topic. en . video . November 8, 2014.
      25. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts . Watch: Pork and Beans, Charles Luckeyth Roberts (1913) - Piano Roll (Scott Joplin House, rec. 2012) . youtube.com . Bill McNally . en . video . June 23, 2012.
      26. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts . Watch: Donald Lambert Plays Luckey Roberts' Pork And Beans 1961 (Fast Stride Piano Synthesia) . youtube.com . itsRemco . en . video . March 29, 2023.
      27. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts . Watch: Pork and Beans played by Donald Lambert on IAJRC 23 "Meet the Lamb" . youtube.com . Robert Pinsker . en . video . June 2, 2015.
      28. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts . Fuller . Earl. Earl Fuller . Audio: Pork and Beans played by Earl Fuller's Rector Novelty Orchestra . Library of Congress . Library of Congress, National Jukebox . en . video . July 19, 1917.
      29. News: November 5, 1938 . 'Luckey' Has Played For Society's '400', Including Astors, Morgans, Wales, Duponts. Billy . Rowe . September 24, 2023. The Pittsburgh Courier.
      30. Web site: Charles L. Roberts (1887-1968) . Geoff . Grainger . August 14, 2023 . Ditty Box Enterprises . September 24, 2023 .
      31. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts. Watch: Irresistible Blues (Luckey Roberts, 1918) - From All Black Musical. youtube.com . Ragtimes . en . video . July 14, 2018.
      32. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth . Luckey Roberts. Watch: Metropolitan Dance Band - Music Box Rag - 1914 - 1910s Ragtime music . youtube.com . Giorgio Mikola Rigas Nenadov . en . video . October 18, 2020.
      33. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts . King. Edward T. . Edward T. King. Audio: The music box rag. Fox trot. . Library of Congress . Library of Congress, National Jukebox . en . video . December 12, 1914.
      34. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts . Jaudas. Eugene A. . Audio: 'The Music Box Rag' Discography of American Historical Recordings, s.v. "Edison matrix 3555. The music box rag / Jaudas' Society Orchestra," . February 2, 1915 .
      35. Web site: Music Box Rag . York University, Clara Thomas Archives and Special Collections.
      36. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts . Watch: The Tremolo Trot (C. Luckeyth Roberts) from Black Manhattan, Vol. 3, The Paragon Ragtime Orchestra, Rick Benjamin, director . youtube.com . New World Records / CRi . en . video . January 17, 2019.
      37. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts . Watch: The music box rag. Fox trot. . youtube.com . RagtimeDorianHenry (piano) . en . video . May 5, 2023.
      38. Web site: WATCH: Helter Skelter by Luckeyth Roberts (1915, One Step Polka) . RagtimeDorianHenry (piano). January 3, 2023 .
      39. Luckey Roberts* & Willie "The Lion" Smith – Luckey & The Lion: Harlem Piano . Luckey. Roberts . . 1960 . LP . Stereo . Stereo . U.S.A..
      40. Web site: 'Bon Ton Discography of American Historical Recordings, s.v. "Victor matrix B-16310. Bon ton one-step / Conway's Band," . August 3, 2015 .
      41. Web site: Five Army Bands That Changed Music Forever . September 1, 2022 . James . Lamb . Doughboy Foundation. September 24, 2023 .
      42. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts . Walton . Lester A. . Lester A. Walton . Billy Boy Sheet Music. 1917 monograph Walton Pub. Co. . Library of Congress . Library of Congress, Music Division . en . pdf . August 25, 1917.
      43. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts . Walton . Lester A. . Lester A. Walton . Billy Boy Sheet Music. 1917 monograph Walton Pub. Co. . Johns Hopkins University, Sheridan Libraries & University Museums - The Lester S. Levy Sheet Music Collection . Johns Hopkins University, Sheridan Libraries & University Museums . en . August 25, 1917.
      44. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts . Rogers. Alex . Alex Rogers (songwriter) . Walton . Lester A. . Lester A. Walton . "When the 'Yanks' Yank the 'Germ' out of 'German'" . Library of Congress . Library of Congress, Music Division . en . video . June 23, 1918.
      45. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts . Rogers. Alex . Alex Rogers (songwriter). "The Navy Blues" . Library of Congress . Library of Congress, Music Division . en . video . August 16, 1918.
      46. Web site: Selected Observations From the Harlem Jazz Scene: A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-Newark Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Graduate Program in Jazz History and Research . Jonah . Jonathan . Rutgers University, Newark, NJ . September 27, 2023 .
      47. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts. Watch: Luckey Roberts Railroad Blues, piano solo - May 21,1946 . youtube.com . jazzgirl1920s. en . video . March 21, 2009.
      48. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts. Watch: Railroad Blues (Luckey Roberts) Recorded March 18, 1958 in New York City. youtube.com . kankan nou. en . video . October 8, 2009.
      49. Web site: Railroad Blues (Roberts, Luckey) . June 22, 2021 . Feduol . International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP) . September 30, 2023 .
      50. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts . Bargy. Roy . Roy Bargy . Audio: Railroad blues. Fox Trot. . Library of Congress . Library of Congress, National Jukebox . en . video . August 2, 1923.
      51. Web site: Luckey Roberts Biography . Uncle Dave Lewis . AllMusic . September 24, 2023 .
      52. Web site: Mack . Charles E. . Charles Mack (blackface performer) . Moran . George . George Moran (comedian) . Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts . Ricketts . Bob . Bob Ricketts . 'Two black crows Part 3' Discography of American Historical Recordings, s.v. "Columbia matrix W144198. Two black crows / Moran and Mack," . August 7, 1927 .
      53. Web site: Mack . Charles E. . Charles Mack (blackface performer) . Moran . George . George Moran (comedian) . Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts . Bowers. Robert Hood . Robert Hood Bowers . 'Two black crows Part 4' Discography of American Historical Recordings, s.v. "Columbia matrix W144467. Two black crows / Moran and Mack," . November 7, 1927 .
      54. Web site: Mack . Charles E. . Charles Mack (blackface performer). Moran . George . George Moran (comedian) . Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts . 'Two black crows Part 7' Discography of American Historical Recordings, s.v. "Columbia matrix W144467. Two black crows / Moran and Mack," . December 23, 1927 .
      55. Web site: Mack . Charles E. . Charles Mack (blackface performer) . Moran . George . George Moran (comedian) . King. Eddy . Eddy King . "Elder Eatmore's Sermon On Throwing Stones" Discography of American Historical Recordings, s.v. "Columbia 50061-D (12-in. double-faced)," .
      56. Web site: Go-Go Show Information . Wisdom Digital Media . September 24, 2023 .
      57. Web site: Sharlee Show Information . Wisdom Digital Media . September 24, 2023.
      58. Book: Dietz, Dan . April 10, 2019 . The Complete Book of 1920s Broadway Musicals . Rowman & Littlefield, 2019 . 178 . 978-1538112823.
      59. News: . June 17, 1926 . "My Magnolia" to Open on July 5. . New York, U.S.A.. September 24, 2023.
      60. Book: Decker, Todd. Show Boat: Performing Race in an American Musical. 107. Oxford University Press. 2013. 978-0-19-975937-8.
      61. Book: My Magnolia, Charles "Charlie" Davis (theatrical performance) . My Magnolia. July 8, 1926. https://memory.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.music.tda.3338/default.html.
      62. Web site: My Magnolia .
      63. Book: Dietz, Dan . April 10, 2019 . The Complete Book of 1920s Broadway Musicals . Rowman & Littlefield, 2019 . 314 . 978-1538112823.
      64. News: My Magnolia Aided by Swift Dancers . New York Times.
      65. Axtell. Katherine Leigh . April 24, 2009 . Maiden Voyage: The Genesis and Reception of Show Boat, 1926-1932 . Ph.D. dissertation . University of Rochester, Department of Musicology, Eastman School of Music . Oct 3, 2023.
      66. News: Variety . Zieggy After Magnolia's Score for Show Boat . November 24, 1926.
      67. News: Theatrical Notes.. August 8, 1928. September 24, 2023. The New York Times.
      68. Web site: Rockaway (Roberts, Luckey) . August 11, 2021 . Feduol . International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP) . June 26, 2021 .
      69. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts . Rogers. Alex . Johnson . Howard E. . Howard E. Johnson . Kaufman . Irving . Irving Kaufman (singer) . Audio: Rockaway. . Library of Congress . Library of Congress, National Jukebox . en . video . August 8, 1917.
      70. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts . Rogers. Alex . Hunter . Eddie . Bourdon. Rosario . Rosario Bourdon. Audio: I got. . Library of Congress . Library of Congress, National Jukebox . en . video . August 2, 1923.
      71. Web site: Roberts . Charles Luckeyth. Luckey Roberts . Rogers. Alex . Hunter . Eddie . Audio: I'm Done. . Library of Congress . Library of Congress, National Jukebox . en . video . December 17, 1923.
      72. Web site: Luckey Roberts . University of California San Diego's Discography of American Historical Recordings Collection.
      73. Web site: WATCH: Midnight Frolic - Medley Fox Trot - Conway's Band . dandee lyonz. December 30, 2012 .
      74. News: W.J. Hydes Hosts at Palm Beach: Mr. and Mrs. Williams Hosts.. September 24, 2023. The New York Times.
      75. News: May 19, 1929 . A Sail on the Bay for Charity. September 24, 2023. The New York Times.
      76. News: August 10, 1929 . Boys Club Benefit at Southampton. September 24, 2023. The New York Times.
      77. News: August 10, 1929 . Many Aid Charity on Trip Down Bay: Friends of St. Christopher's Guild Have Merry Time on the Mandalay. . September 24, 2023. The New York Times.
      78. News: February 24, 1926 . A Charleston "Craze." Even Sedate Society Folk Learning the Step at Palm Beach. . September 24, 2023. The New York Times.
      79. News: February 7, 1926 . Mrs. Berlin Writes on the Charleston: Former Ellin Mackay Says Step Has Captured Fifth Avenue, Which Strives to Learn It . September 24, 2023 . The New York Times.
      80. News: February 25, 1927 . PALM BEACH SCENE OF MANY PARTIES . September 24, 2023 . The New York Times.
      81. News: Grace . Robinson . Apr 20, 1926 . DAT'S MA BABY! CHARLESTONERS CRY IN PARK AVE. . September 24, 2023 . The New York Times.
      82. Web site: 'Spanish Fandango Charles "Luckey" Roberts - c. 1915 . Bill . Edwards . RagPiano . October 1, 2023 .
      83. News: . February 7, 1968 . Luckey Roberts, 74, Orchestra Leader. September 24, 2023. The New York Times.

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