Natriuretic peptide precursor C explained

Natriuretic peptide precursor C, also known as NPPC, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NPPC gene.^{[1] [2] [3]} The precursor NPPC protein is cleaved to the 22 amino acid peptide C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP).

Function

Natriuretic peptides comprise a family of 3 structurally related molecules: atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), encoded by a gene symbolized NPPC. These peptides possess potent natriuretic, diuretic, and vasodilating activities and are implicated in body fluid homeostasis and blood pressure control. Unlike ANP and BNP, CNP does not have direct natriuretic activity. This is because CNP is a selective agonist for the B-type natriuretic receptor (NPRB) whereas ANP and BNP are selective for the A-type natriuretic receptor (NPRA).^[4] It is synthesized and secreted from the endothelium in response to many stimuli, for example shear stress (like) and certain proinflammatory cytokines.^[5]

Further reading

• Schulz S . C-type natriuretic peptide and guanylyl cyclase B receptor . Peptides . 26 . 6 . 1024–34 . June 2005 . 15911070 . 10.1016/j.peptides.2004.08.027 . 24299700 .
• Suga S, Nakao K, Hosoda K, Mukoyama M, Ogawa Y, Shirakami G, Arai H, Saito Y, Kambayashi Y, Inouye K . Receptor selectivity of natriuretic peptide family, atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, and C-type natriuretic peptide . Endocrinology . 130 . 1 . 229–39 . January 1992 . 1309330 . 10.1210/endo.130.1.1309330 . free .
• Ogawa Y, Nakao K, Nakagawa O, Komatsu Y, Hosoda K, Suga S, Arai H, Nagata K, Yoshida N, Imura H . Human C-type natriuretic peptide. Characterization of the gene and peptide . Hypertension . 19 . 6 Pt 2 . 809–13 . June 1992 . 1339402 . 10.1161/01.hyp.19.6.809 . free .
• Ishizaka Y, Kangawa K, Minamino N, Ishii K, Takano S, Eto T, Matsuo H . Isolation and identification of C-type natriuretic peptide in human monocytic cell line, THP-1 . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 189 . 2 . 697–704 . December 1992 . 1472040 . 10.1016/0006-291X(92)92257-X .
• Komatsu Y, Nakao K, Suga S, Ogawa Y, Mukoyama M, Arai H, Shirakami G, Hosoda K, Nakagawa O, Hama N . C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) in rats and humans . Endocrinology . 129 . 2 . 1104–6 . August 1991 . 1855454 . 10.1210/endo-129-2-1104 .
• Tawaragi Y, Fuchimura K, Tanaka S, Minamino N, Kangawa K, Matsuo H . Gene and precursor structures of human C-type natriuretic peptide . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 175 . 2 . 645–51 . March 1991 . 2018508 . 10.1016/0006-291X(91)91614-I .
• Ogawa Y, Itoh H, Yoshitake Y, Inoue M, Yoshimasa T, Serikawa T, Nakao K . Molecular cloning and chromosomal assignment of the mouse C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) gene (Nppc): comparison with the human CNP gene (NPPC) . Genomics . 24 . 2 . 383–7 . November 1994 . 7698765 . 10.1006/geno.1994.1633 .
• Kaneko T, Shirakami G, Nakao K, Nagata I, Nakagawa O, Hama N, Suga S, Miyamoto S, Kubo H, Hirai O . C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is the major natriuretic peptide in human cerebrospinal fluid . Brain Research . 612 . 1–2 . 104–9 . May 1993 . 8330189 . 10.1016/0006-8993(93)91649-D . 41367489 .
• Wei CM, Heublein DM, Perrella MA, Lerman A, Rodeheffer RJ, McGregor CG, Edwards WD, Schaff HV, Burnett JC . Natriuretic peptide system in human heart failure . Circulation . 88 . 3 . 1004–9 . September 1993 . 8353861 . 10.1161/01.cir.88.3.1004 . free .
• Igaki T, Itoh H, Suga S, Komatsu Y, Ogawa Y, Doi K, Yoshimasa T, Nakao K . Insulin suppresses endothelial secretion of C-type natriuretic peptide, a novel endothelium-derived relaxing peptide . Diabetes . 45 . S62–4 . July 1996 . Suppl 3 . 8674895 . 10.2337/diab.45.3.s62 . 24148723 .
• Igaki T, Itoh H, Suga S, Hama N, Ogawa Y, Komatsu Y, Mukoyama M, Sugawara A, Yoshimasa T, Tanaka I, Nakao K . C-type natriuretic peptide in chronic renal failure and its action in humans . Kidney International Supplements . 55 . S144–7 . June 1996 . 8743538 .
• Vollmar AM, Paumgartner G, Gerbes AL . Differential gene expression of the three natriuretic peptides and natriuretic peptide receptor subtypes in human liver . Gut . 40 . 1 . 145–50 . January 1997 . 9155593 . 1027025 . 10.1136/gut.40.1.145 .
• Watanabe Y, Nakajima K, Shimamori Y, Fujimoto Y . Comparison of the hydrolysis of the three types of natriuretic peptides by human kidney neutral endopeptidase 24.11 . Biochemical and Molecular Medicine . 61 . 1 . 47–51 . June 1997 . 9232196 . 10.1006/bmme.1997.2584 .
• Martick MM, Garcia KC . Allosteric activation of a spring-loaded natriuretic peptide receptor dimer by hormone . Science . 293 . 5535 . 1657–62 . August 2001 . 11533490 . 10.1126/science.1062246 . 2001Sci...293.1657H . 6030635 .
• Cataliotti A, Giordano M, De Pascale E, Giordano G, Castellino P, Jougasaki M, Costello LC, Boerrigter G, Tsuruda T, Belluardo P, Lee SC, Huntley B, Sandberg S, Malatino LS, Burnett JC . CNP production in the kidney and effects of protein intake restriction in nephrotic syndrome . American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology . 283 . 3 . F464–72 . September 2002 . 12167597 . 10.1152/ajprenal.00372.2001 . 28005578 .
• Evans JJ, Youssef AH, Yandle TG, Lewis LK, Nicholls MG . Effects of endothelin-1 on release of adrenomedullin and C-type natriuretic peptide from individual human vascular endothelial cells . The Journal of Endocrinology . 175 . 1 . 225–32 . October 2002 . 12379507 . 10.1677/joe.0.1750225 . 10.1.1.550.4618 . 39519010 .
• Ono K, Mannami T, Baba S, Tomoike H, Suga S, Iwai N . A single-nucleotide polymorphism in C-type natriuretic peptide gene may be associated with hypertension . Hypertension Research . 25 . 5 . 727–30 . September 2002 . 12452325 . 10.1291/hypres.25.727 . free .
• Hirsch JR, Skutta N, Schlatter E . Signaling and distribution of NPR-Bi, the human splice form of the natriuretic peptide receptor type B . American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology . 285 . 2 . F370–4 . August 2003 . 12709393 . 10.1152/ajprenal.00049.2003 .
• Wu C, Wu F, Pan J, Morser J, Wu Q . Furin-mediated processing of Pro-C-type natriuretic peptide . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 278 . 28 . 25847–52 . July 2003 . 12736257 . 10.1074/jbc.M301223200 . free .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: NPPC natriuretic peptide precursor C.
2. Kaneko T, Shirakami G, Nakao K, Nagata I, Nakagawa O, Hama N, Suga S, Miyamoto S, Kubo H, Hirai O . C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is the major natriuretic peptide in human cerebrospinal fluid . Brain Research . 612 . 1–2 . 104–9 . May 1993 . 8330189 . 10.1016/0006-8993(93)91649-D . 41367489 .
3. Ogawa Y, Itoh H, Yoshitake Y, Inoue M, Yoshimasa T, Serikawa T, Nakao K . Molecular cloning and chromosomal assignment of the mouse C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) gene (Nppc): comparison with the human CNP gene (NPPC) . Genomics . 24 . 2 . 383–7 . November 1994 . 7698765 . 10.1006/geno.1994.1633 .
4. Barr CS, Rhodes P, Struthers AD . C-type natriuretic peptide . Peptides . 17 . 7 . 1243–51 . 1996 . 8959763 . 10.1016/S0196-9781(96)00110-6 . 9083211 .
5. Lumsden NG, Khambata RS, Hobbs AJ . C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP): cardiovascular roles and potential as a therapeutic target . Current Pharmaceutical Design . 16 . 37 . 4080–8 . 2010 . 21247399 . 3605774 . 10.2174/138161210794519237.