Buyan-class corvette explained

The Buyan class (Russian: Буян||[[Buyan]]), Russian designations Project 21630 Buyan and Project 21631 Buyan-M, are series of corvettes (small artillery and missile ships in Russian classification) developed by Zelenodolsk Design Bureau for the Russian Navy. Since 2010, all subsequent vessels are being constructed as improved Project 21631 subclass, incorporating greater tonnage, stealth technology and the 3S14 vertical launching system for either Kalibr or Oniks anti-ship cruise missiles, significantly enhancing combat capabilities. The ships are primarily designed for operations within littoral zones to protect Russia's vast coastal areas. Due to the small tonnage, they can operate even within shallow parts of oceans and seas and Russia's extensive inland waterway system. The export variant is known as Project 21632 Tornado.

Design

Initial information about a modified Project 21631, dubbed Buyan-M, was published in August 2010. The Project 21631 ships were to be an updated variant of the Project 21630 Buyan small artillery ships. They were to be up-armed with a USKS VLS system supporting the nuclear-capable Kalibr cruise missiles (SS-N-27 Sizzler) and with additional electronic countermeasure equipment.[1] Ships of Project 21631 were designated for national economic zones protection, same as the original variants.

The ships' small size and displacement enables them to operate within inland river systems, including traversing the Moscow Canal. This allow them to redeploy to various seas around European Russia. A particular advantage for the Buyan-M series were the limitations imposed by the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) which prohibited land-based medium-range missiles while sea-based ones were not restricted. A river-based corvette could deploy such missiles without being subject to the restrictions. The lead ship of this project, Grad Sviyazhsk, was laid down on 27 August 2010 and commissioned on 27 July 2014.

Operational history

On 7 October 2015, corvettes Grad Sviyazhsk, Uglich, Velikiy Ustyug and Dagestan, deployed in the Caspian Sea, launched 26 Kalibr cruise missiles at 11 terrorist targets in Syria. The missiles flew nearly 1500km (900miles) over Iran and Iraq and struck targets in Raqqa and Aleppo provinces (controlled by the Islamic State) as well as in Idlib province (controlled by the al-Qaeda-linked Nusra Front).[2] According to United States Department of Defense officials, several of these cruise missiles fired from Russian ships crashed in Iran and did not make it to their intended targets in Syria.[3]

On 20 November 2015, the same warships launched 18 Kalibr cruise missiles from the Caspian Sea at seven terrorist targets in Rakka, Idlib and Aleppo provinces.[4]

In 2016, the corvette Zelenyy Dol was deployed to the Mediterranean Sea, later followed by sister ship Serpukhov.[5] On 19 August Zelenyy Dol and Serpukhov, deployed in the Mediterranean Sea, launched Kalibr cruise missiles at positions of Al-Nusra terrorist group in Syria. As a result of the strikes, number of terrorist facilities were destroyed, including command post and base near the village of Dar Ta Izzah and weapon production plants and warehouses in Aleppo province.[6]

On 25 October 2016, Zelenyy Dol and Serpukhov were deployed to the Baltic Sea to join a newly formed division at Kaliningrad.[7] In 2020, Zelenyy Dol and the Odintsovo deployed to Arctic waters utilizing Russian internal waterways and illustrating the Russian capacity to transfer light units among the Russian Navy's three western fleets and the Caspian Flotilla as might be required.[8] A similar deployment was conducted in 2023 by Serpukhov.[9]

On 28 March 2022, a Buyan-class corvette fired eight Kalibr missiles from the Black Sea and claimed to have destroyed a Ukrainian arsenal at Orzhev.[10] [11]

On 17 June 2022, a photo emerged of Velikiy Ustyug being towed on the Volga River in a damaged state after a Ukrainian attack.[12]

On 8 April 2024, Ukrainian military intelligence released a video in which they claimed to have started a fire onboard Serpukhov. The fire reportedly occurred on 7 April. Serpukhov was in harbour at Baltiysk, Kaliningrad Oblast. Ukrainian military intelligence claimed that the fire destroyed "its communication and automation systems."[13] On 3 July 2024, HUR revealed details of Operation "Rybalka" ("Fisherman"), which involved a former Russian sailor setting fire to the Buyan-class corvette Serpukhov on 8 April 2024. He also stole data "about the Baltic Fleet and the Russian military industry." The former sailor joined the Freedom of Russia Legion after defecting. HUR estimated Serpukhov will be out of action for six months. The ship was targeted for its ability to fire Kalibr and Onyx missiles.[14]

Variants

Ships

NameBuildersLaid downLaunchedCommissionedFleetStatus
Project 21630 Buyan
AstrakhanAlmaz Shipyard, St. Petersburg30 January 20047 October 20051 September 2006CaspianActive
Volgodonsk25 February 20056 May 2011[15] 28 December 2011[16] Active
Makhachkala24 March 200627 April 2012 [17] 4 December 2012[18] Active
Project 21631 Buyan-M
Grad SviyazhskZelenodolsk Shipyard27 August 20109 March 2013[19] [20] 27 July 2014[21] CaspianActive
Uglich22 July 2011[22] 10 April 201327 July 2014Active
Velikiy Ustyug27 August 2011[23] 21 May 201419 December 2014[24] [25] Damaged, under repair
Zelenyy Dol29 August 2012[26] [27] 2 April 201512 December 2015[28] Baltic[29] Active
Serpukhov[30] 25 January 2013[31] 3 April 201512 December 2015Damaged, under repair
Vyshniy Volochyok29 August 201322 August 2016[32] 1 June 2018[33] Black SeaActive
Orekhovo-Zuyevo29 May 201419 June 2018[34] 10 December 2018[35] Active
Ingushetiya29 August 2014[36] 11 June 2019[37] 28 December 2019[38] Active
Grayvoron10 April 2015[39] April 2020[40] [41] 30 January 2021[42] Active
Tarusa24 April 2017[43] 17 September 2021[44] 29 December 2022[45] [46] BalticActive
Naro-Fominsk23 February 2018[47] 9 December 2022[48] [49] 25 December 2023[50] Active
Stavropol12 July 2018[51] 11 June 2024[52] 2024[53] BalticLaunched

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Zelenodolsky Shipyard to lay down a Project 21631 small-size missile ship . Rusnavy.com . 26 August 2010 . 8 May 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180701164934/http://rusnavy.com/news/newsofday/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=10125 . 1 July 2018 . dead.
  2. News: How Russia fired missiles at Syria from 1,000 miles away . The Washington Post . Johnson . Richard . 23 October 2015 . 13 April 2024.
  3. News: Pentagon: Some Russian cruise missiles crashed in Iran . Thomas . Gibbons-Neff . . 8 October 2015 . 8 May 2019.
  4. Web site: Russia Launches More Cruise Missiles From Caspian To Syria . Eurasianet.org . Kucera . Joshua . 21 November 2015 . 13 April 2024.
  5. Web site: Russia despatches one more missile corvette to Mediterranean: agencies . Reuters . Yahoo! News . 6 October 2016 . 13 April 2024.
  6. Web site: Russia says video shows launch of missiles from Mediterranean Sea against terrorists in Syria . National Post . Associated Press . 19 August 2016 . 13 April 2024.
  7. Web site: Russia beefs up Baltic Fleet amid NATO tensions: reports . Andrew . Osborn . Simon . Johnson . Reuters . 26 October 2016 . 8 May 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161029113627/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-defence-baltic-sweden-idUSKCN12Q1HB . 29 October 2016 . live.
  8. Web site: Analysis: Zeleny Dol corvette passes successful trials . 18 September 2020 . Navy Recognition.
  9. Web site: Baltic Fleet's ship launches Kalibr missile — press service . TASS . 19 September 2023 . April 13, 2024.
  10. Web site: Russian Buyan-M Class Corvette Fired Kalibr Missiles Against Ukraine . Naval News . 28 March 2022 . 13 April 2024.
  11. News: What to know about the long-range cruise missile Russia says it fired . The Washington Post . Claire . Parker . Aaron . Steckelberg . Meg . Kelly . Razzan . Nakhlawi . Jonathan . Baran . March 24, 2022 . April 13, 2024.
  12. Web site: Russian Buyan M Corvette sustained significant damage by Ukrainian drone strikes . 26 June 2022 . Global Defense Corp . 1 August 2023.
  13. Web site: russian Serpukhov Missile Ship Was On Fire in the Baltic Sea - the Defense Intelligence of Ukraine . 8 April 2024 . Defense Express. Svetlana . Shcherbak . 9 April 2024.
  14. News: Operation Rybalka: HUR damaged Serpukhov ship and received secret data about Russia's Baltic Fleet. }
  15. Web site: http://docklife.ucoz.ru/news/torzhestvennyj_spusk_volgodonska/2011-05-06-160 . ru:Торжественный спуск "Волгодонска" . The launch of "Volgodonsk" . Docklife.ucoz.ru . ru . 6 May 2011 . 9 October 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032027/http://docklife.ucoz.ru/news/torzhestvennyj_spusk_volgodonska/2011-05-06-160 . 4 March 2016 . dead.
  16. Web site: http://flot.com/news/navy/?ELEMENT_ID=101254 . ru:Малый артиллерийский корабль "Волгодонск" принят в состав ВМФ России . Small artillery ship "Volgodonsk" was accepted into the Russian Navy . flot.com . ru . 28 December 2011 . 14 December 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150325143011/http://flot.com/news/navy/?ELEMENT_ID=101254 . 25 March 2015 . live.
  17. Web site: http://flotprom.ru/news/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=110735 . ru:Церемония спуска МАК "Махачкала" состоится на СФ "Алмаз" 27 апреля . The launching of the MAK "Makhachkala" will take place at the Almaz Shipyard on April 27 . ru . flotprom.ru . 26 April 2012 . 9 October 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194345/http://flotprom.ru/news/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=110735 . 4 March 2016 . live.
  18. Web site: Caspian Flotilla received new Stealth corvette . Rusnavy.com . 12 February 2013 . 9 October 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160101213314/http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=16791 . 1 January 2016 . dead.
  19. Web site: http://flotprom.ru/news/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=132772 . ru:Пятый "Буян-М" получил наименование "Серпухов" . The fifth "Buyan-M" is named "Serpukhov" . flotprom.ru . ru . 17 December 2012 . 9 October 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151004021725/http://flotprom.ru/news/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=132772 . 4 October 2015 . live.
  20. Web site: http://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/30583/ . ru:Спущен на воду малый ракетный корабль «Град Свияжск» . The small rocket ship "Grad Sviyazhsk" was launched . Сделано у нас . 18 March 2013 . ru . 14 December 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150403232840/http://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/30583/ . 3 April 2015 . live.
  21. Web site: http://www.zdship.ru/press-center/news-events/1254/ . ru:На кораблях "Град Свияжск" и "Углич" подняли Военно-Морские флаги . Naval flags raised on ships "Grad Sviyazhsk" and "Uglich" . JSC Zelenodolsk Plant named after A.M. Gorky . ru . 27 July 2014 . 9 October 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061859/http://www.zdship.ru/press-center/news-events/1254/ . 4 March 2016 . live.
  22. Web site: http://flotprom.ru/news/?ELEMENT_ID=83308 . ru:В Зеленодольске заложат новый ракетный корабль для ВМФ России . A new missile ship for the Russian Navy will be laid down in Zelenodolsk . flotprom.ru . ru . 20 July 2011 . 9 October 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150706132910/http://flotprom.ru/news/?ELEMENT_ID=83308 . 6 July 2015 . live.
  23. Web site: http://flotprom.ru/news/?ELEMENT_ID=89395 . ru:На Зеленодольском заводе имени А.М. Горького состоится закладка третьего МРК типа "Буян" . At the Zelenodolsk plant named after A.M. Gorky, the laying of the third MRK of the Buyan type will take place . flotprom.ru . ru . 26 August 2011 . 9 October 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194741/http://flotprom.ru/news/?ELEMENT_ID=89395 . 4 March 2016 . live.
  24. Web site: http://vpk-news.ru/news/22785 . ru:Шесть малых ракетных кораблей пополнят ВМФ России . Six small missile ships will join the Russian Navy . vpk-news.ru . ru . 19 November 2014 . 9 October 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141221131905/http://vpk-news.ru/news/22785 . 21 December 2014 . live.
  25. Web site: http://vpk-news.ru/news/23208 . ru:На «Великом Устюге» поднят Андреевский флаг . At the Zelenodolsk plant named after A.M. Gorky, the laying down of the third MRK of the Buyan type will take place . ru . vpk-news.ru . 19 December 2014 . 9 October 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141224083436/http://vpk-news.ru/news/23208 . 24 December 2014 . live.
  26. Web site: http://flotprom.ru/news/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=120313 . ru:На Зеленодольском заводе им. А.М. Горького состоится закладка четвертого МРК проекта 21631 . At the Zelenodolsk plant named after A.M. Gorky, the laying down of the fourth MRK of project 21631 will take place . ru . flotprom.ru . 24 August 2012 . 9 October 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151019081521/http://flotprom.ru/news/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=120313 . 19 October 2015 . live.
  27. Web site: Mevedev . Sergei . Russian Black Sea Fleet to get 3 surface ships, two submarines in 2015 — Captain . TASS . 3 March 2015 . 6 March 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150402132923/http://tass.ru/en/russia/780692 . 2 April 2015 . live.
  28. Web site: Two ships with missile complex "Caliber-NK" became a part of the Black Sea fleet . 12 December 2015 . Latest news from Russia . 2015-12-12 . dead . https://archive.today/20160710190111/http://en.news-4-u.ru/two-ships-with-missile-complex-caliber-nk-became-a-part-of-the-black-sea-fleet.html . 2016-07-10.
  29. Web site: "Зелёный Дол" и "Серпухов" пришли на Мальту, а "Ярослав Мудрый" ушёл из Сеуты . "Zelonyy Dol" and "Serpukhov" arrived at Malta, and "Yaroslav Mudryy" sailed from Ceuta . Сделано у нас . 9 October 2016 . ru . 2016-10-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161026164802/http://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/84513/ . 2016-10-26 . live.
  30. Web site: Fifth Buyan-Class Corvette Gets Name of Serpukhov . Rusnavy.com . 18 December 2012 . 9 October 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150923163307/http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=16665 . 23 September 2015 . dead.
  31. Web site: http://flotprom.ru/news/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=134591 . ru:Малый ракетный корабль проекта 21631 заложат 25 января в Зеленодольске . A small missile ship of project 21631 will be laid down at Zelenodolsk on January 25 . ru . flotprom.ru . 15 January 2013 . 9 October 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151004042714/http://flotprom.ru/news/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=134591 . 4 October 2015 . live.
  32. Web site: В Татарстане спущен на воду МРК 'Вышний Волочек' . 'Vyshny Volochek' launched in Tatarstan . Sudostroenie.info . ru . 22 August 2016 . 23 August 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160826141802/http://sudostroenie.info/novosti/16864.html . 26 August 2016 . live.
  33. Новейший малый ракетный корабль "Вышний Волочёк" принят в состав Черноморского флота . The newest small rocket ship "Vyshny Volochyok" was accepted into the Black Sea Fleet . Ministry of Defence of Russia . ru . 1 June 2018 . 1 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180628150611/https://function.mil.ru/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12178707@egNews . 28 June 2018 . live.
  34. Web site: Спуск Мрк "орехово-Зуево" На Зеленодольском Сз . Launch of MRK "Orekhovo-Zuevo" at Zelenodolsky Yard . E. . Razdolnaya . 19 July 2018 . Novosti Rossii . ru . 2018-07-25 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180722155536/http://nws.su/42389-Spusk-MRK-Orehovo-Zuevo-na-Zelenodol-skom-SZ.html . 2018-07-22 . dead.
  35. Web site: Latest cruise missile corvette accepted for service in Russian Navy . tass.com . 10 December 2018 . 10 December 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181210202646/http://tass.com/defense/1035218 . 10 December 2018 . live.
  36. Web site: http://flotprom.ru/news/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=170424 . ru:Зеленодольский завод заложит восьмой малый ракетный корабль . Zelenodolsk plant will lay down the eighth small rocket ship . ru . flotprom.ru . 26 August 2014 . 9 October 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160116230946/http://flotprom.ru/news/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=170424 . 16 January 2016 . live.
  37. Торжественная церемония спуска на воду малого ракетного корабля проекта 21631 "Ингушетия" . Solemn ceremony of launching small rocket ship of project 21631 "Ingushetia" . Zelenodolsk Shipyard . ru . 11 June 2019 . 17 June 2019 . 26 February 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200226010704/http://www.zdship.ru/press-center/news-events/3957/ . dead .
  38. В состав Черноморского флота вошел новейший малый ракетный корабль "Ингушетия" . The newest small missile ship "Ingushetia" entered the Black Sea Fleet . Ministry of Defence of Russia . ru . 28 December 2019 . 29 December 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191229141349/https://function.mil.ru/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12268831@egNews . 29 December 2019 . live.
  39. Web site: http://flotprom.ru/2015/191505/ . ru:На Зеленодольском заводе заложили очередной ракетный корабль . Another rocket ship laid down at Zelenodolsk plant . ru . flotprom.ru . 10 April 2015 . 9 October 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150926000741/http://flotprom.ru/2015/191505/ . 26 September 2015 . live.
  40. Web site: Small Missile Ship - Project 21631 . russianships.info.
  41. Web site: На Черноморском флоте собрали экипажи для двух новых кораблей с "Калибрами" . The Black Sea Fleet has assembled crews for two new ships with "Kalibr" . Central Naval Portal . ru . 2020-03-23.
  42. В состав Черноморского флота принят новый малый ракетный корабль "Грайворон" . A new small missile ship "Graivoron" was accepted into the Black Sea Fleet . Ministry of Defence of Russia . ru . 30 January 2021 . 30 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210130134510/https://function.mil.ru/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12341468@egNews . 30 January 2021 . live.
  43. Web site: Рогозин: "Зеленодольский завод помог Крыму восстановить свою промышленность" . Rogozin: "Zelenodolsk plant helped Crimea to restore its industry" . ru . Tatar-inform.ru . 2017-04-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170424175449/http://www.tatar-inform.ru/news/2017/04/24/550008/ . 2017-04-24 . live.
  44. Web site: Project 21631 Grad Launched at Zelenodolsk – SeaWaves Magazine. 18 September 2021. 18 September 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210918124417/https://seawaves.com/?p=15234. dead.
  45. В Балтийске на новейшем малом ракетном корабле "Град" торжественно поднят Военно-морской флаг . The naval flag was solemnly raised on the newest small missile ship "Grad" in Baltiysk . Ministry of Defence of Russia . ru . 29 December 2022 . 29 December 2022.
  46. http://files.balancer.ru/forums/attaches/2023/09/05-11726429-pereimenovaniya.jpg
  47. Web site: 11th Project 21631 Corvette Naro-Fominsk Laid for Russian Navy . Navy Recognition . 25 February 2018 . 25 February 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180226152009/https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2018/february-2018-navy-naval-defense-news/5981-11th-project-21631-corvette-naro-fominsk-laid-for-russian-navy.html . 26 February 2018 . live.
  48. Web site: Shipbuilders to float out cutting-edge missile corvette for Russian Navy by Aug 30.
  49. Web site: Малый ракетный корабль "Наро-Фоминск" планируют спустить на воду 9 декабря.
  50. Web site: Путин примет участие в церемонии поднятия флага на фрегате в Петербурге. 25 December 2023. RIA. ru.
  51. Закладка двенадцатого малого ракетного корабля проекта 21631 "Ставрополь" . Laying down of the twelfth small missile ship of project 21631 "Stavropol" . Zelenodolsk Shipyard . ru . 12 July 2018 . 17 June 2019 . 13 July 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180713102937/http://www.zdship.ru/press-center/news-events/3470/ . dead .
  52. Web site: Russia Launches Final Buyan-M-Class Corvette Fitted With Kalibr Cruise Missiles. 13 June 2024. navalnews.com.
  53. Web site: Источник назвал корабли, которые усилят Балтийский флот в 2024 году. 6 June 2024. flotprom.ru. ru.

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