Butylphthalide Explained

Butylphthalide (3-n-butylphthalide or NBP) is one of the chemical constituents in celery oil, along with sedanolide, which is primarily responsible for the aroma and taste of celery.[1]

Studies in animal models suggest that butylphthalide may be useful for the treatment of hypertension[2] [3] and may have neuroprotective effects.[4] [5] [6] [7] In 2002, NBP was approved in China for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.[8]

NBP undergoes extensive metabolism in humans.[9] The major metabolites in human plasma were 3-OH-NBP, 10-OH-NBP, 10-CO-NBP, 11-COOH-NBP. The AUC of metabolites was much larger than that of NBP.

Minor side effects were observed in preclinical and clinical studies. The minor bioactivation pathway of NBP was proved to be mediated via sulfation of 3-OH-NBP.[10]

Notes and References

  1. Relative recovery and identification of carbonyl compounds from celery essential oil . Wilson, Charles Welthy III . Journal of Food Science . 1970 . 35 . 6 . 766–768 . 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1970.tb01989.x.
  2. 10.1016/j.pcad.2005.01.004 . Nutraceuticals, Vitamins, Antioxidants, and Minerals in the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension . 2005 . Houston . M . Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases . 47 . 6 . 396–449 . 16115519.
  3. Cardiovascular Pharmacology of 3-n-butylphthalide in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats . D. Tsi and B. K. H. Tan . Phytotherapy Research . 11 . 576–582 . 1997 . 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199712)11:8<576::AID-PTR174>3.0.CO;2-7 . 8. 73033504 . free .
  4. 22056419 . 2011 . Feng . X . Peng . Y . Liu . M . Cui . L . Dl-3-n-butylphthalide extends survival by attenuating glial activation in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis . 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.10.009 . Neuropharmacology . 62 . 2 . 1004–10. 37504365 .
  5. 21535939 . 2011 . Zhang . T . Yan . W . Li . Q . Fu . J . Liu . K . Jia . W . Sun . X . Liu . X . 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) attenuated neuronal autophagy and amyloid-beta expression in diabetic mice subjected to brain ischemia . 33 . 4 . 396–404 . 10.1179/1743132810Y.0000000006 . Neurological Research. 35636793 .
  6. 21293470 . 2011 . Ji . XC . Zhao . WH . Cao . DX . Shi . QQ . Wang . XL . Novel neuroprotectant chiral 3-n-butylphthalide inhibits tandem-pore-domain potassium channel TREK-1 . 32 . 2 . 182–7 . 10.1038/aps.2010.210 . Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. 4009930 .
  7. 21524431 . 2011 . Xiong . N . Huang . J . Chen . C . Zhao . Y . Zhang . Z . Jia . M . Zhang . Z . Hou . L . Yang . H . Dl-3-n-butylphthalide, a natural antioxidant, protects dopamine neurons in rotenone models for Parkinson's disease . 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.03.007 . Neurobiology of Aging. Cao . Xuebing . Liang . Zhihou . Zhang . Yongxue . Sun . Shenggang . Lin . Zhicheng . Wang . Tao . 33 . 8 . 1777–91 . 27840652 .
  8. 5178327. 2016. Abdoulaye. I. A.. A Review of Recent Advances in Neuroprotective Potential of 3-N-Butylphthalide and Its Derivatives. BioMed Research International. 2016. 5012341. Guo. Y. J.. 10.1155/2016/5012341. 28053983. free.
  9. Diao X, Deng P, Xie C, Li X, Zhong D, Zhang Y, Chen X. Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) in humans: the role of cytochrome P450s and alcohol dehydrogenase in biotransformation. Drug Metab Dispos 2013;41:430-444.
  10. Diao X, Pang X, Xie C, Guo Z, Zhong D, Chen X. Bioactivation of 3-n-butylphthalide via sulfation of its major metabolite 3-hydroxy-NBP: mediated mainly by sulfotransferase 1A1. Drug Metab Dispos 2014;42:774-781.

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