Burum language explained
Burum (also known as Yaknge or Somba-Siawari after its two dialects and Mindik in the language itself) is a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. Its closest related language is Borong (also known as Kosorong).
Phonology
Consonants
!! rowspan=2Labial ! | | | Velar |
---|
plain | lab. |
---|
| unvoiced | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ |
---|
voiced | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ |
---|
| unvoiced | | pronounced as /ink/ | | | |
---|
voiced | | pronounced as /ink/ | | | |
---|
Nasal | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | | pronounced as /ink/ | |
---|
Trill | | pronounced as /ink/ | | | |
---|
Fricative | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | | pronounced as /ink/ | |
---|
Approximant | | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | | pronounced as /ink/ | |
---|
- pronounced as //p, t, k// are aspirated word initially and unreleased word finally. Between vowels, they are pronounced as //w, r, h//.
- pronounced as //kʷ// and pronounced as //gʷ// are rarely pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/ in some dialects.
- pronounced as //ɣ// is pronounced as /link/ word initially.
Vowels
Monophthongs! !! Front !! Central !! BackClose | pronounced as /ink/ | | pronounced as /ink/ |
---|
Mid | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ |
---|
Open | | | pronounced as /ink/ | |
---|
Burum also has 14 diphthongs: pronounced as //iɑ//, pronounced as //iu//, pronounced as //ei//, pronounced as //eu//, pronounced as //əi//, pronounced as //əu//, pronounced as //oi//, pronounced as //oe//, pronounced as //ou//, pronounced as //ɑi//, pronounced as //ɑu//, pronounced as //ui//, pronounced as //ue//, and pronounced as //uɑ//.
Orthography
OrthographyUppercase letters | A | B | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | Ŋ | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | W | Gw | Y | Z | Ö |
---|
Lowercase letters | a | b | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | ŋ | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | w | gw | y | z | ö |
---|
IPA | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as //dz// | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |
---|
- occurs in loanwords.
- Weakened pronounced as //p, t, k// are written, as pronounced.
References
- Web site: Usher . Timothy . Bulum River . 20 November 2024 . newguineaworld.
- Web site: Organised Phonology Data. Olkkonen. Soini. 1994. 2018-07-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20180710213258/http://www-01.sil.org/pacific/png/pubs/928474542455/Burum_Mindik.pdf. 2018-07-10. dead.
Further reading