| Jamshedpur | |
| Other Name: | Tatanagar |
| Official Name: | Jamshedpur |
| Settlement Type: | Metropolis |
| Nickname: | 'Steel City of India', 'Pittsburgh of India' |
| Pushpin Map: | India Jharkhand#India |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location of Jamshedpur in Jharkhand |
| Coordinates: | 22.7925°N 86.1842°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: |  India |
| Subdivision Type1: | State |
| Subdivision Type2: | District |
| Subdivision Name1: | Jharkhand |
| Subdivision Name2: | East Singhbhum |
| Leader Title: | Senior Superintendent of Police |
| Leader Name: | Kamal kishore (IPS) |
| Leader Title1: | Deputy Commissioner |
| Leader Name1: | Ananya Mittal[1] |
| Established Date: | 1919 |
| Founder: | Jamsetji Tata |
| Named For: | Jamshetji Tata |
| Unit Pref: | Metric |
| Area Footnotes: | [2] |
| Area Total Km2: | 224 |
| Elevation M: | 159 |
| Population As Of: | 2011 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Population Urban: | 629,659 |
| Population Metro: | 1,337,131 |
| Timezone1: | IST |
| Utc Offset1: | +5:30 |
| Postal Code Type: | PIN |
| Postal Code: | 831001 to 831xxx |
| Area Code: | +91-657 |
| Area Code Type: | Telephone code |
| Registration Plate: | JH-05 |
| Demographics Type1: | Languages |
| Demographics1 Title1: | Official |
| Demographics1 Info1: | Hindi and English[3] |
| Demographics1 Title2: | Second language |
| Demographics1 Info2: | Nagpuri, Bengali, Odia, Santhali, Urdu, Magahi, Bhojpuri, Tamil, Telugu, Kurmali[4] [5] |
| Blank2 Name Sec1: | Literacy |
| Blank2 Info Sec1: | 89.41% |
| Population Demonym: | Jamshedpurian |
| Blank3 Info: | Sonari AirportDhalbhumgarh Airport |
| Blank3 Name: | Domestic Airport |
| Governing Body: | Jamshedpur Notified Area Committee (JNAC) |
Jamshedpur (in Hindi dʒəmˈʃeːdpʊr/), also known as Tatanagar, is the largest and the most populous city in Jharkhand and the first planned industrial city of India.[6] It is a Notified Area Council[7] and Municipal Corporation and also the headquarter of the East Singhbhum district. It is a popular tourist destination known for its forests, ancient temples and royal palaces. It was ranked as the fifth cleanest city of India in the year 2023.[8]
Jamshedpur was ranked as the cleanest city of India in 2020 by Swach Survekshan in 2020.[9] Jamshedpur was ranked the 7th cleanest city of India in 2010.[10] The city is also ranked as 2nd in India in terms of quality of life. Jamshedpur is the 84th fastest growing city in the world according to the City Mayors Foundation. It is one of the first Smart Cities in India along with Naya Raipur.[11] It is the headquarters of the East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand and is the 36th – largest urban agglomeration and 72nd largest city in India by population.
In 1919 Lord Chelmsford renamed the city,[12] which was originally Sakchi, to Jamshedpur in honour of its founder, Jamshedji Nusserwanji Tata. Tata had written to his son Dorabji Tata about his vision of a great city in the area. On Founders Day (3 March), the 225acres Jubilee Park[13] is decorated with brilliant lightwork for about a week.[14]
The prospectors C. M. Weld, Dorabji Tata and Shapurji Saklatvala took nearly three years in a painstaking search across vast stretches of inhospitable terrain to find a location for a steel plant. One day they came across Sakchi (present-day a business district), on the densely forested stretches of the Chota Nagpur plateau, near the confluence of the Subarnarekha and Kharkai rivers. It seemed to be the ideal choice and the place was selected.[15]
In 1908, the construction of the plant as well as the city officially began. The first steel ingot was rolled on 16 February 1912. It was a momentous day in the history of industrial India.[16] In 1919, the industrial neighborhood was renamed to Jamshedpur according to Jamsetji Tata, the founder of the industrial establishment.[17]
Jamsetji Tata's plan for the city was clear. He envisioned far more than a mere row of workers' hutments. He insisted upon building all the comforts and conveniences a city could provide. As a result, many areas in the city are well planned and there are public leisure places such as the Jubilee Park. While building the city, Tata had said:
Messrs Julin Kennedy Sahlin from Pittsburgh prepared the first layout of the town of Jamshedpur.[18] Jamshedpur is a million-plus city with four municipal corporations, Jamshedpur Notified area committee, Jugsalai Municipal corporation, Chakulia and Mango Notified area committee.[19]
In 1945, Tata Motors was set up here. It is now the second largest industry in Jamshedpur. A municipal corporation was proposed in 2005 but after protests from the residents this did not happen.[20] [21] [22]
Jamshedpur is situated at the southern end of the state of Jharkhand and is bordered by the states of Odisha and West Bengal. The average elevation of the city is 135 metres[23] while the range is from 129 m to 151 m.[24] Total geographical area of Jamshedpur is 224 km square.[25] Jamshedpur is primarily located in a hilly region and is surrounded by the Dalma Hills running from west to east and covered with dense forests. The other smaller hill ranges near the city are Ukam Hill and the Jadugoda-musabani hill range.[26] The city is also a part of the larger Chota Nagpur Plateau region. The region is formed of sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks belonging to the Dharwarian period.
Jamshedpur is located at the confluence of the Kharkai and Subarnarekha Rivers. Subarnarekha is the principal river of Jamshedpur, which flows from the west to the south-eastern part of the territory. Many small rivers, especially the tributaries, join the Subarnarekha river in this area. The Kharkai flows from the south and joins the Subarnarekha River at a place called Domuhani. The two rivers are the city's major sources of drinking water and groundwater. Several lakes of varying sizes are also located near the city's fringes. The major of them being the Dimna lake located in between the Dalma range and the Sitarampur reservoir situated beside the Kharkai River. It is also a major tourist spot in the region.[27] Both of them also act as reservoirs for drinking water in the city. The city falls under a deciduous type of forest region and the green cover is estimated to be around 33% of the total land area.[28] The city falls under the Seismic Zone II region.[29] Jamshedpur has many parks around it. Jubilee Park at Sakchi is the largest park in Jamshedpur. It was built by Jamshedji Tata, who was inspired by Vrindavanan Gardens of Mysore.
The center of Jamshedpur has commercial areas and main areas. Central Jamshedpur contains a financial and business district. Famous landmarks in the center include Jubilee Park and Tata Steel. Sakchi and Bistupur are the business and financial district. Center part is also the oldest part of the city. The Western portion of the city has the areas of Adityapur, Gamharia, and Sonari.[30] Sonari is a residential and commercial neighborhood, while Adityapur and Gamharia are the major industrial neighborhoods. Adityapur is also a city and a part of Jamshedpur. Gamharia has an industrial area namely Industrial Area, Gamharia. Adityapur has the Adityapur Industrial Area.[31] There are five national highways crossing the city. Mango Bridge connects the city center to Mango.[32] Marine Drive is a popular road and picturesque promenade in Jamshedpur. It starts from Sonari and connects Adityapur.Adityapur has the NIT Jamshedpur. The southern part of Jamshedpur contains Jugsalai, Birsanagar, Kadma, Burmamines, TELCO Colony, Bagbera Colony and Jojobera. Jugsalai is the commercial area which is known for the wholesale market. while Birsanagar, Kadma and Bagbera consists of residential and commercial hubs. Burmamines, TELCO Colony, Bagbera Colony and Jojobera are the other main and major industrial areas of the city.[33] Apart from north, whole areas of Jamshedpur has at least one industrial area. Other tall towers are TCE Building and Voltas House. In Jamshedpur, many hi-rise buildings are under construction now. Now the tallest building will be Ashiana Garden Sunflower Block, which will be built at Adityapur. These tall buildings are mostly on the Central and Western side of the city. Jamshedpur has 10 - 14 floors of buildings.[34]
See main article: List of neighbourhoods of Jamshedpur.
See also: List of cities in Jharkhand.
According to the 2011 census of India, the city of Jamshedpur had a population of 629,659,[35] but the Jamshedpur Urban Agglomeration had a population of 1,337,131.[36] The city is designated as a Million Plus Urban Agglomeration as per Government terminology.[37] Males constitute 52.1% of the population and females 47.9%. Jamshedpur has an average literacy rate of 89.41% – higher than the national average of 74%. In Jamshedpur, 11.5% of the population is under six years of age.[38]
Jamshedpur Urban Agglomeration includes: Jamshedpur (Industrial Town), Jamshedpur (NAC), Tata Nagar Railway Colony (OG), Mango (NAC), Jugsalai (M), Bagbera (CT), Chhota Gobindpur (CT), Haludbani (CT), Sarjamda (CT), Gadhra (CT), Ghorabandha (CT), Purihasa (CT), Adityapur (M Corp.), Chota Gamahria (CT) and Kapali (CT).[39]
Jamshedpur's transformation from a rural area to a bustling urban center owes much to the establishment of Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited in 1907. Initially, its population remained modest until the 1921 census recorded a remarkable growth rate of 911.3%, attributed largely to immigration. People from various parts of India, notably Bihar, migrated to Jamshedpur in search of employment opportunities in industries and eventually settled in nearby areas.[40] [41] This influx diversified the city's demographics, with significant communities from regions like Bhagalpur, Darbhanga, and Patna contributing to its multicultural character.[42] Moreover, migrants from neighboring cities within Jharkhand, such as Dhanbad, Ranchi, and Bokaro, also flocked to Jamshedpur for job prospects.[43] Alongside local residents, including Muslims and Sikhs, the city also became home to refugees who arrived during the partition of India, residing in designated colonies.[44]
The 1974 Indian smallpox epidemic was partially traced to economic migrants returning from Jamshedpur. With funding from J. R. D. Tata, the World Health Organization quarantined the city's unvaccinated population, successfully limiting further spread.[45]
In Jamshedpur NAC town and outgrowth, six prominent spoken languages, namely Hindi, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Odia, Urdu, and Punjabi, collectively cover approximately 85 percent of the total population. Other notable languages spoken in the town are Maithili, Ho, Chhattisgarhi, Santali, Mundari, Gujarati, Tamil, Telugu, Kurukh/Oraon, Nepali, Malayalam, Marathi, Rajasthani, Sadan/Sadri, Awadhi, and Bhumij.
Hindus form the majority religion in Jamshedpur. While Muslims, Sikhs, and Christians form a significant minority. Jains and Buddhists also live in the city. Hindus are found in almost all areas of Jamshedpur.[46] Muslims are also found in almost all areas of Jamshedpur,[47] but many are concentrated in Maango, Sakchi, and Golmuri. Most Sikhs live in Golmuri and Sakchi.[48] [49] Christians are mostly found in the central part of the city.[50] Tribals constitute around 28% of the population, and live in Birsanagar, a very large area covering a major part of Jamshedpur.
See main article: Economy of Jamshedpur. The largest industry in Jamshedpur is that of Tata Steel. It is situated in the centre of the city and occupies approximately 1/5 of the entire city area.[51] It acts as a pivotal center for the industries of the city of Jamshedpur with a large number of them having direct or indirect linkages with it. Tata Motors is the second major industry. It is spread over an area of in the eastern side of the city. It manufactures Medium and Heavy commercial vehicles and the main components.[52] The company also has its own township commonly known as Telco.[53]
Nuvoco Vistas Corp. Ltd is a cement plant located in Jojobera, Jamshedpur.[54] It is Asia's largest Cement Grinding Unit.[55]
There is a varied and powerful industrial base in the Adityapur Industrial Area. Jamshedpur is regarded as the industrial capital of Jharkhand.
Jamshedpur has influence on Santali, Hindi, Odia and Bengali films. Many films have been shot and based in the city and it is also sometimes called "Mini Mumbai" because of a great cinema culture and producing many film and television artists. Ritwik Ghatak's Subarnarekha, a 1962 Bengali film and Satyakam, a 1969 Hindi film starring Dharmendra and Sharmila Tagore were shot in Ghatsila area.[56] [57] Years after, film Udaan was shot and based in the city which also got screened in Cannes Film Festival.[58] Bubble Gum film was based in the city and portions of M.S.Dhoni: The Untold Story were also shot in Jamshedpur.[59] [60] Buddhadeb Dasgupta's Bengali film, Urojohaj was also shot in outskirts of city.[61] The movie Dil Bechara, starring Sushant Singh Rajput and John Abraham's directorial Banana were also shot in the city.[62] Many entertainers are also from this city such as Priyanka Chopra, R. Madhavan and Imtiaz Ali.
The civic administration of the city is under Greater Jamshedpur Metropolitan Region, Govt of Jharkhand.
The major urban local bodies are:
See also: List of educational institutes in Jamshedpur. Important educational institutions in Jamshedpur are:XLRI, founded in 1949, is the oldest management institute of India; Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, established in 1961; and the engineering college National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, an Institute of National Importance, established as a Regional Institute of Technology on 15 August 1960.[63] [64] The National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML), one of the 38 Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) laboratories, was inaugurated on 26 November 1950 by Jawaharlal Nehru.[65] Shavak Nanavati Technical Institute (SNTI), established in 1921 as the technical training department of Tata Steel, now develops skilled employees for other companies as well. Its 400,000 volume library is one of the most popular in the city.[66] [67] Many high-level institutions are located in Jamshedpur. Now there is further development to set up more universities and several other educational institutions.
Jamshedpur's private clubs provide opportunities for activities, such as golf, tennis, squash, billiards, horseriding and water scootering. Jamshedpur FC is a professional football club based in Jamshedpur which competes in the Indian Super League (ISL), the top flight of Indian Football. The club is owned by Tata Steel.[68]
Sporting facilities and academies include:
Jamshedpur has two golf courses—the Beldih Golf Course and the Golmuri Golf Course. Both of these courses are at the heart of the city. The biggest is the Beldih Golf Course which is around 6,000 yards. The Golmuri Golf Course although smaller is also challenging. They together hold the annual Tata Open Golf Tournament which is an event held under the support of the Professional Golf Tour of India. The tournament was started in 2002. Jamshedpur also has the Jamshedpur Gliding Club and the Jamshedpur Co-operative Flying club.[72] [73]
Jamshedpur has various local news broadcast and cable media channels including:
English, Santali, and Bengali newspapers are published from the city, including.
Hindi newspapers
English newspapers
Bengali Newspapers
The Tatanagar Junction on the Chakradharpur railway division of the South Eastern Railway, is the major railhead of Jamshedpur. Other railway stations in the city include Adityapur, Gamharia, Salgajudih, Kandra and Govindpur.
Jamshedpur is connected to other parts of India through national and state highways. The major highways are:
Jamshedpur has a bus station in Mango. This bus station have buses which go to other cities like Bokaro, Dhanbad, Ranchi etc. However, now there is a plan to update and rebuild and renovate this bus stand/station.Sonari Airport is serving the city at present. It is spread over a 25-acre area in the Sonari area of the city. The airport is primarily used for bringing in chartered planes of the TATA group. In 2022, it was announced that the Sonari Airport will start commercial public flights for Jamshedpur to Bhubaneswar, Ranchi and Kolkata.[78] After efforts from the Ministry of Civil Aviation, Government of Jharkhand and Tata Steel, the airport has been reopened on 31 January 2023, with flight services provided by the new low-cost regional airline, IndiaOne Air, to Kolkata and Bhubaneswar.[79]
Dhalbhumgarh Airport is a proposed public airport located at Dhalbhumgarh, in the state of Jharkhand, India as a greenfield airport for Jamshedpur. It will be built on the site of an abandoned World War II airfield situated from Jamshedpur on NH-33. The old airfield was built around 1948, as an ancillary runway for other airfields in the vicinity that were being built around India's eastern frontier as part of the war effort.
It was one of the airfields used by Allied forces to repel the advancing Japanese troops and to maintain transport links with China. As the Japanese forces came to control shipping in the China Sea, seaborne supply routes to China were cut and the difficult route over the Himalayas was increasingly used. The airfield was abandoned after the war. The technical team of the Airports Authority of India (AAI) conducted a survey in 2017 and approved the Dhalbhumgarh site for a greenfield airport. The government plans to invest Rs 300 crore through AAI for the new airport which will have a 3km (02miles) runway. In January 2018, Union Minister of State for Civil Aviation Jayant Sinha announced that the Union Civil Aviation Ministry and the Jharkhand Government would sign a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for the construction of Dhalbhumgarh Airport.
Jamshedpur has a number of popular tourist destinations, including:[80]