| Buri Wolio | |
| Type: | Abjad |
| Sisters: | Pegon script, Jawi script, Sorabe alphabet |
| Languages: | Wolio |
| Time: | c. 16 c. to the present |
| Fam1: | Proto-Sinaitic |
| Fam2: | Phoenician |
| Fam3: | Aramaic |
| Fam4: | Nabataean |
| Fam5: | Arabic |
| Sample: | Kumpulan berbagai teks Kabanti - Bula Malino - Beginning of the text.jpg |
| Caption: | An Islamic poetry in Buri Wolio |
| Direction: | Right-to-left |
Buri Wolio (Wolio:
) is an Arabic script modified to write Wolio, a language spoken in and around Baubau, the capital of Buton, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Generally, this script is same with Jawi script, except in Buri Wolio, vowel sounds are symbolized. This script has 35 letters, 28 letters from Arabic alphabet and 7 additional letters similar to those in Jawi script to represent sounds not found in Arabic. Of these, 22 are used for writing of Wolio language, while 13 are reserved for writing loanwords of Arabic (and European) origin.[1]Buri Wolio is similar in most aspects to Jawi script, except that in addition to the 3 diacritics in Arabic and Jawi, Buri Wolio has two additional diacritics for expressing the /e/ and /u/ vowel sounds.
It is unclear when Buri Wolio script was first created and used, but according to the oldest Buton manuscripts that have been found, it is estimated that this script has existed since the arrival of Islam on Buton Island in the 16th century.[2] [3] As Wolio language was the lingua franca of Sultanate of Buton, this script was used in writing ancient texts in Buton, including; texts of laws, religious texts and diplomatic letters.
In addition, this script has also been used to write kaḃanti, a traditional type of long poetry consisting of lines, each with a pair of verses. The tradition of writing kaḃanti in Buton reached its peak of popularity in the 19th century (1824–1851), namely during the reign of the 29th Sultan of Buton, Muhammad Idrus Kaimuddin. For the people of Buton, besides from being known as a sultan, he is also known as a famous scholar and poet of Buton. As a poet, he composed a lot of kaḃanti literature, especially those based on Islamic teachings. Other than Muhammad Idrus Kaimuddin, several other Butonese poets came from the royal family of Buton, such as La Ode Kobu (Metapasina Bādia), La Ode Nafiu (Yarona Labuandiri), and H. Abdul Ganiu (Kenepulu Bula).[4]
Buri Wolio script consists of 22 primary characters, of which 15 are from Arabic Script, and 7 are new characters, made by adding dots to existing Arabic Characters, similar to characters of the Jawi script. These new characters are highlighted in the table below. There are an additional 13 characters, that are exclusively used for writing of loanwords taken from Arabic or from European languages.[5]
| Forms | Sound represented | Latin equivalent | Notes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial | |||||
| ʾalif | pronounced as //ʔ// | ā / ʾ | Pronounced as /ʔ/ in Wolio. Can be pronounced as /ā/ in loanwords. | |||||
| bāʾ | pronounced as //b// | b | A regressive /b/ phoneme | |||||
| ḃā | pronounced as //bʰ// | ḃ | New letter not present in Arabic | |||||
| tāʾ | pronounced as //t// | t | ||||||
| jīm | pronounced as //d͡ʒ// | j | ||||||
| cā | pronounced as //t͡ʃ// | c | New letter not present in Arabic | |||||
| pronounced as //d// | d | A Plosive /d/ phoneme | ||||||
| ḋā | pronounced as //dʰ// | ḋ | New letter not present in Arabic | |||||
| rāʾ | pronounced as //r// | r | ||||||
| zāyn | pronounced as //z// | z | ||||||
| sīn | pronounced as //s// | s | ||||||
| ngā | pronounced as //ŋ// | ng | New letter not present in Arabic | |||||
| pā | pronounced as //p// | p | New letter not present in Arabic | |||||
| kāf | pronounced as //k// | k | ||||||
| gā | pronounced as //ɡ// | g | New letter not present in Arabic | |||||
| lām | pronounced as //l// | l | ||||||
| mīm | pronounced as //m// | m | ||||||
| nūn | pronounced as //n// | n | ||||||
| nyā | pronounced as //ɲ// | ny | New letter not present in Arabic | |||||
| hāʾ | pronounced as //h// | h | ||||||
| wāw | pronounced as //w// | |||||||
| yāʾ | /a/ | a / y | Pronounced as /a/ in Wolio. But in foreign words, pronounced as /j/ |
| Forms | Sound represented | Latin equivalent | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial | ||||
| ṡāʾ | pronounced as //s// | s | |||||
| Ha | pronounced as //h// | ḥ | |||||
| khāʾ | pronounced as //x// | kh | |||||
| żāl | pronounced as //z// | z | |||||
| syin | pronounced as //ʃ// | sy | |||||
| ṣād | pronounced as //s// | s | |||||
| ḍād | pronounced as //d// | d | |||||
| ṭāʾ | pronounced as //t// | t | |||||
| ẓāʾ | pronounced as //z// | z | |||||
| ʿayn | pronounced as //ʔ// | ʿ | |||||
| ghayn | pronounced as //ɣ// | gh | |||||
| fāʾ | pronounced as //f// | f | |||||
| qāf | pronounced as //q// | q |
The purpose of vowel diacritics in an Abjad script is to give vowels to each consonants. Unlike its neighbouring relatives, Jawi and Pegon, Buri Wolio cannot be read without diacritics. The shape and position of diacritic is very important. There are 6 diacritics in Bui Wolio, which include the Sukun diacritic (zero-vowel), the 3 diacritics inherited from Arabic, representing sounds /a/, /i/, and /u/, as well as two new diacritics unique to Buri Wolio, representing diacritics /e/ and /o/. All of these diacritics represent short vowel sounds. With the help of the letters "", "", or "", diacritics can also represent long vowel sounds.
| Sukun (Zero-vowel) | Short | Long | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -a | -i | -u | -e | -o | -ā | -ī | -ū | -ē | -ō | ||
| Short | Long | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | I | U | E | O | Ā | Ī | Ū | Ē | Ō | |
| Sukun (Zero-vowel) | Short | Long | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S | Sa | Si | Su | Se | So | Sā | Sī | Sū | Sē | Sō | |
In Buri Wolio, Reduplication is done in a manner similar to Jawi script and Pegon script, that is with the use of the numeral "٢" right after the base word.
While suffixed, the numeral "٢" comes in between the base word and the suffix, effectively being in the middle of the word.
Below are some sample words:
| Buri Wolio | Latin | |
|---|---|---|
| humbu-humbu | ||
| sumbe-sumbe | ||
| incema-incema | ||
| ngawu-ngawuna |
Below is a sample except of Wolio language poetry "Kaḃanti Bunga Malati", which was rewritten in modern Latin Wolio Script in 2004.[4] [6]
| Wolio | Indonesian Translation | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Buri Wolio | Latin | ||
| Mincuanapo isarongi rangkaea Ne sabutuna aḃari ʾaratāna Tabeanamo isarongi rangkaea Hengga ḥaquna apekaḋuwaakamo | Belumlah dikatakan orang kaya Kalau hanya banyak hartanya Tapi yang dikatakan kaya Miliknya pun rela diberikannya | ||
| Mincuanapo isarongi misikini Ne sabutuna inda teʾaratāna Tabeanamo isarongi misikini Apēlua ʿarasi koḥaquna | Bukanlah dinamakan orang miskin Jika hanya tidak punya harta Sebenarnya orang miskin itu (adalah orang yang) Masih mengharapkan hak sesamanya | ||
| Mincuanapo isarongi maradika Ne sabutuna apōpua ipau Tabeanamo isarongi maradika Amaradikamo iwāna narakā | Belumlah dikatakan merdeka Kalau hanya memangku jabatan Sebenarnya yang (dikatakan) merdeka itu (adalah orang yang) Sudah bebas dari api neraka |