| County: | Bureau County |
| State: | Illinois |
| Founded: | 1837 |
| Seat Wl: | Princeton |
| Largest City: | Princeton |
| Area Total Sq Mi: | 874 |
| Area Land Sq Mi: | 869 |
| Area Water Sq Mi: | 4.5 |
| Area Percentage: | 0.5 |
| Population As Of: | 2020 |
| Population Total: | 33244 |
| Pop Est As Of: | 2023 |
| Population Est: | 32729 |
| Population Density Sq Mi: | auto |
| Time Zone: | Central |
| Web: | bureaucounty-il.gov |
| District: | 14th |
| District2: | 16th |
| Ex Image: | Red Covered Bridge.jpg |
| Ex Image Cap: | Red Covered Bridge (1863) |
Bureau County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 33,244.[1] Its county seat is Princeton.[2] Bureau County is part of the Ottawa, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area, and the Hennepin Canal Parkway State Park is located partly in this county.
Bureau County was created from a portion of Putnam County in 1837. It is named for brothers Michel and Pierre Bureau, French Canadians who ran a trading post from 1776 until the 1780s near the conjunction of Big Bureau Creek with Illinois River. Their actual surname most likely was Belleau, but the local American Indians had difficulty pronouncing the "l" sound, which was not found in some local languages.[3] [4] An early settler of this area was Bulbona, a man of mixed French and Native American descent with a Native American wife. Unlike most of the other Native Americans in the area, Bulbona remained after the area was settled by Euro-Americans and ran a trading post, where he sold whiskey among other necessities.[5]
The founders of Princeton, the area's oldest town, were settlers from New England, descendants of the English Puritans who settled New England in the 17th century. They were part of a wave of New England farmers who moved to the Northwest Territory in the early 19th century. Most of them came soon after of the completion of the Erie Canal.[5] When they arrived, they faced virgin forest and wild prairie. These New Englanders laid out farms, constructed roads, erected government buildings and established post routes. They brought with them many of their Yankee New England values, such as a passion for education, establishing many schools, and were staunch abolitionists. They were mostly members of the Congregationalist Church or Episcopalians. Early Bureau County, like much of northern Illinois, was culturally very continuous with early New England culture.[6] [7] [5]
Like so many other areas in the Midwest, this county was on a "line" of the Underground Railroad. There was a "station" at the home of Owen Lovejoy in Princeton, and several other locations in the county.
According to the US Census Bureau, the county has a total area of, of which is land and (0.5%) is water. Big Bureau Creek is the main body of water.
In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Princeton have ranged from a low of in January to a high of in July, although a record low of was recorded in February 1996 and a record high of was recorded in June 1988. Average monthly precipitation ranged from in February to in August.
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 34,978 people, 14,262 households, and 9,605 families residing in the county.[8] The population density was . There were 15,720 housing units at an average density of .[9] The racial makeup of the county was 94.2% white, 0.7% Asian, 0.6% black or African American, 0.3% American Indian, 3.0% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 7.7% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 32.8% were German, 13.8% were Irish, 12.1% were English, 9.2% were American, 8.8% were Italian, 7.6% were Swedish, and 5.8% were Polish.[10]
Of the 14,262 households, 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.6% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 32.7% were non-families, and 28.0% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.94. The median age was 42.5 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $45,692 and the median income for a family was $55,217. Males had a median income of $42,327 versus $29,210 for females. The per capita income for the county was $24,103. About 8.6% of families and 11.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.3% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over.[11]
| Community | Community type | Population | Total Area | Water Area | Land Area | Pop. Density | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| village | 169 | 0.40 | 0.00 | 0.40 | 427.85 | |||
| village | 482 | 1.01 | 0.00 | 1.01 | 475.35 | |||
| village | 281 | 1.51 | 0.07 | 1.45 | 190 | |||
| village | 435 | 0.51 | 0.00 | 0.51 | 850 | |||
| Dalzell (part) | village | 663 | 0.83 | 0.01 | 0.82 | 808.54 | ||
| village | 1,633 | 2.55 | 0.11 | 2.45 | 667.35 | |||
| village | 135 | 0.29 | 0.00 | 0.28 | 470 | |||
| village | 36 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 734.69 | |||
| village | 679 | 1.16 | 0.00 | 1.16 | 590 | |||
| village | 1,263 | 1.21 | 0.00 | 1.21 | 1,000 | |||
| village | 318 | 0.27 | 0.00 | 0.27 | 1,164.84 | |||
| village | 298 | 0.32 | 0.00 | 0.32 | 934.17 | |||
| village | 206 | 0.553 | 0.00 | 0.553 | 370 | |||
| village | 427 | 1.016 | 0.00 | 1.016 | 420 | |||
| village | 76 | 0.155 | 0.00 | 0.155 | 490 | |||
| village | 465 | 0.753 | 0.00 | 0.753 | 620 | |||
| Princeton (seat) | city | 7,832 | 8.24 | 0.00 | 8.24 | 950.49 | ||
| village | 321 | 0.511 | 0.015 | 0.496 | 630 | |||
| village | 821 | 1.169 | 0.00 | 1.169 | 700 | |||
| city | 5,582 | 7.40 | 0.04 | 7.36 | 750 | |||
| village | 740 | 0.517 | 0.00 | 0.517 | 1,400 | |||
| village | 1,311 | 0.801 | 0.00 | 0.801 | 1,600 | |||
| village | 886 | 0.946 | 0.00 | 0.946 | 940 | |||
| Bureau County | county | 33,244 | 874 | 4.5 | 869 | 38 |
As part of Yankee-settled Northern Illinois, Bureau County became powerfully Republican for the century following the Civil War. The only Democrat to carry the county between 1856 and 1988 was Franklin D. Roosevelt during his landslide 1932 victory, although Progressive Theodore Roosevelt did carry the county during the 1912 election. Between 1988 and 2012, the county trended Democratic – Bill Clinton won pluralities in both his elections and Barack Obama won an absolute majority in 2008 and nearly did so in 2012 – however concern with lack of employment opportunities in the Rust Belt led to a powerful swing toward Donald Trump in 2016 for the best GOP result since Ronald Reagan’s 1984 landslide.