Bulldozer politics explained

Since 2017, the bulldozer, an industrial machine, has become a political tool and symbol in Indian politics, particularly in the politics of Uttar Pradesh. This began with the evoking of the machine by UP chief minister Yogi Adityanath of the BJP. While bulldozers are routinely used across India to remove illegal constructions, the bulldozer in this case has been used as an extrajudicial tool and a power statement against alleged criminals, communal violence rioters and accused criminals. Following its usage in political messaging in Uttar Pradesh, the bulldozer was used in Madhya Pradesh to convey political messages aimed at showing a strong stance against criminals. Narratives conveyed that a lot of the usage of the bulldozer was itself communal in nature. Critics argue that giving up on the rule of law and adopting "bulldozer justice" is the initial move toward an authoritarian society. In such a society, the safety, life, and liberty of individuals would depend on the arbitrary decisions of state officials.[1]

Its rhetoric usage by Adityanath started following the commencement of his first term in office from March 2017. By 2020, property belonging to numerous criminals such as Vikas Dubey, as well as politician-strongmen and gangsters Mukhtar Ansari and Atique Ahmed had been demolished using bulldozers. The action against Dubey started after he and his associates killed eight policemen in July 2020 during an attempted arrest. The UP government committed to free up 67000acres of government land and other illegally occupied land by land mafia, issuing certain directives related to the use of bulldozers and also warned of their misuse. Adityanath began his second term as chief minister in March 2022. In a similar manner, the chief minister of Madhya Pradesh, another state with a BJP-based CM, began usage of the bulldozer in March 2022 against properties of the mafia, accused rapists and rioters. By late April 2022, bulldozers had also been used on the property of rioters in Delhi and Gujarat, with politics and legal issues ensuing, including over anti-encroachment drives in a BJP-held municipality in Rajasthan, an otherwise Congress-ruled state. In Uttarakhand, rioters during Hanuman Jayanti processions were threatened with bulldozers parked in the vicinity of property owned by the accused.

Course of events

Uttar Pradesh

Usage against criminals

Yogi Adityanath started his first term as the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh in March 2017. His first announcement was that his government would clean up the law and order situation in the state among other connected issues.[2] An anti-mafia task force was set up and political messaging included statements such as "Leave UP or go to jail".[3] [4] It was in September 2017 when Yogi first warned that he would bulldoze properties of those involved in crime, "My government will bulldoze houses of anyone even thinking of perpetuating crime against women and weaker sections of the society", adding that it would take some more time to reel in other criminal elements.[5] Uttar Pradesh police had already started taking action against criminals with a number of them dying in police encounters.

By the end of 2020 properties had been demolished.[6] [7] In July 2020 history-sheeter and crime boss Vikas Dubey's house was demolished along with four vehicles.[8] A few days eight policemen had been killed in an attempted arrest in which Dubey was the main accused.[9] [10] Vikas Dubey would go on to die in an encounter after the police vehicle carrying him met with an accident.[11] In August 2020 Mukhtar Ansari, a criminal turned politician, connected properties were razed.[12] A government spokesperson explained that the property had been constructed on property of migrants in Pakistan. Ansari's sons property was razed. This involved 250 policemen and 20 bulldozers.[13] Part of a hotel he owned was demolished following a decision taken by an administrative board including the district magistrate.[14] In September 2020, properties connected to Atique Ahmed were demolished.[15] [16] This includes Mohamed Zaid's two-story house built in 2015 over 600 square yards. 6 bulldozers took 5 hours. The reason given for demolishing the building was that the blueprints of the building were not cleared by local authorities before construction. A number of other structures, illegal constructions, or belonging to known gangsters were also raised.[17] [18] [19] [20] This number increased by the end of 2021.[21] In February 2021, Yogi stated that 67000acres of land had been freed from mafia control.[22] Yogi said that the illegal properties that are being seized and bulldozed will be replaced by new houses for the Dalits and the poor, playgrounds and other social needs,[23] [24] [25] and warned the mafia of harassing the poor, farmers and traders.[26] Public response within Uttar Pradesh in relation to the use of the bulldozer has been mixed.[27] The Yogi government has also warned about the misuse of bulldozers.[28] [29]

Elections

Yogi Adityanath went on to use the bulldozer in his election campaign for the 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election held between 10 February to 7 March 2022. This earned him the tag "bulldozer baba".[30] [31] The term had initially been used as a taunt by an opposition party.[32] [33] In some rallies Yogi also mentioned "bulldozers taking rest".[34]

Madhya Pradesh

Shivraj Singh Chauhan, the chief minister of Madhya Pradesh, another state with a BJP CM, went on to use the bulldozer in a similar manner was seen in Uttar Pradesh.[35] By 19 March, CM Chauhan had ordered the use of the bulldozer against property of the mafia as well as against gang rape, rioting and kidnapping accused in Seoni, Sheopur, Jaora, Shahdol and Raisen.[36] [37] The Shahdol rape incident took place on 16 March and the house of the accused was demolished on 22 March. This was following an investigation by the chief municipality officer who found a number of illegalities in the construction of the house.[38] [39] Following clashes on Holi in Khamriya village of Raisen, the administration used bulldozers to demolish encroachments of accused rioters.[40] [41] Many of alleged perps were of a "particular community". In a similar manner as the tag given to Yogi "bulldozer baba", banners were seen in Bhopal with "bulldozer mama" written and an image of CM Chauhan and a bulldozer in the background.[42]

Following a rape incident on 28 March in a government guesthouse in Rewa, CM Chauhan ordered a bulldozer to be used against the house of the accused, a Mahant.[43] Following clashes in Khargone on 10 April 2022, Ram Navami, 16 houses and 29 shops were demolished by Chouhan's government.[44] Some of the demolished buildings were constructed under the government housing initiative Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana.[45]

Karanataka and Uttarakhand

On 16 April, localized riots took place in Hubli, Karnataka.[46] Following violence, there were calls in the state demanding "bulldozer" form of justice.[47] [48] [49] On the same day violence was also seen in Uttarakhand's Bhagwanpur region. In the following days bulldozers were seen in proximity to properties of the riot accused.

Jahangirpuri

On 20 April, following communal violence in Delhi's Jahangirpuri, local authorities issued demolition of certain structures in an eviction and anti-encroachment drive.[50] The Supreme Court of India intervened to stop the demolition.[51] Supposedly the Supreme Court had to give the orders twice as demolition continued for around an hour after the first order.[52] Street carts were also destroyed with bulldozers. Residents said that even registered buildings were damaged. Nine bulldozers were seen in the area and 20 structures destroyed.[53] A political blame game ensued.[54] [55]

Rajasthan

On 22 April, bulldozers were seen demolishing some shops and three temples in Alwar, Rajasthan, a Congress led state but in the BJP held municipality of Rajgarh.[56] [57] [58] Local administration said that consensus had been achieved in the destruction of the shrines, including one which had been built on a drain, and that it was part of an anti-encroachment drive and the shrines would be rebuilt on "non-controversial land". During another anti-encroachment drive the next day a gaushala was part of the removed structures and cleared land.[59] [60]

Legal issues

On Jahangirpuri

Tushar Mehta, on behalf of North Delhi Municipal Corporation, stated that the Delhi Municipal Corporation Act provides for removal of "stall, chair, bench, box, ladder, bale" without notice. Just as Ganesh Gupta's juice shop was removed without notice, everything on public land was removed. In the case of buildings, notices were given. Further the law provides some days and appellate remedy in the case of building as per the Act.[61] As "houses and other permanent structures were targeted" Advocate Dushyant Dave raised this as a primary point before the court.[62]

Reactions

Farm leader and national spokesperson of the Bharatiya Kisan Union (BKU) Rakesh Tikait warned the government that if the unjust use of bulldozers doesn't stop, tractors will be used by farmers to stop them.[63] Opposition leaders in response also stated the headquarters of BJP should be demolished and that it was BJP who allowed illegal constructions in Delhi in areas they had held for years.[64] [65] Akhilesh Yadav said that BJP should make the bulldozer its emblem and that it was distracting the Chief Minister from more important governance matters.[66] [67] Manish Sisodia said that the bulldozer was being used as a tool of extortion.[68] Names such as "Bulldozernath" or "the lord of bulldozers" were used.[69] The bulldozer was connected to bulldozing the "dreams of the youth" and being "anti-women". Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind filed two petitions in the Supreme Court of India.[70] On 24 April 2022, Aam Aadmi Party conducted "foot marches" in all the wards of Delhi.[71] Brinda Karat, an Indian politician, has claimed that BJP aims to vilify Muslims through these actions.[72]

Newslaundry, an Indian media watchdog, reported on the response of sections of the Indian media and their coverage of the events and how certain anchors supported the proceedings.[73] Anjana Om Kashyap, a media professional, climbed on board the bulldozers at the Jahangirpuri site and started asking the drivers questions.[74] During one of the demolitions in Uttar Pradesh, a district magistrate (an Indian Administrative Service officer) clicked a selfie, and shared it with the caption "" (This is us, this is our car, our party is happening here).[75]

Commentary

The timing of the Jahangirpuri demolitions, four days after communal clashes in the same area, "reads extremely suspicious", says political commentator N. S. Moorthy .[76] The Supreme Court status quo intervention brought immediate relief. However this order does not seem to make the judiciary the answer to the larger overarching questions related to the perceived targeting of sections of the population, more that what is already being seen.

See also

References

Notes
Citations

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Abandoning the rule of law for 'bulldozer justice' is the first step towards an authoritarian society where ensuring a person's safety, life and liberty will be at the whims and fancies of state officials. The Hindu . 10 August 2023 . Bhatia . Gautam .
  2. Web site: Vaishnav . Milan . 23 March 2017 . Adityanath, No Stranger To Criminal Cases, Promises Safer UP . 24 April 2022 . Carnegie Endowment for International Peace . en.
  3. Web site: 26 March 2017 . PTI . 'Leave UP or go to jail': Yogi Adityanath warns supporters of criminals, mafia . 24 April 2022 . Deccan Chronicle.
  4. Web site: Jha . Shiv Pujan . 25 April 2017 . Yogi Adityanath government sets up anti-land mafia task force in Uttar Pradesh . 24 April 2022 . India Today . en.
  5. Web site: 6 September 2017 . Shukla . Srawan . Will bulldoze your houses even if you think of crime: Yogi Adityanath's warning to mafia . 24 April 2022 . DNA India . en.
  6. Web site: 31 December 2020 . 2020 में अपराधियों पर कहर बनकर टूटी यूपी पुलिस, किसी की संपत्ति कुर्क, कहीं चला बुलडोजर, देखें लिस्ट UP Mafia total property seized in 2020 list . In 2020, UP police broke down by creating havoc on criminals, someone's property was attached, bulldozer went somewhere, see list . 24 April 2022 . Patrika News . hi-IN.
  7. Web site: 4 September 2020 . भूमाफियाओं पर चला नोएडा अथॉरिटी का बुल्डोजर, कब्जे से छुड़ाई 2000 करोड़ रुपये की जमीनें . Noida Authority's bulldozer on land mafia, land worth Rs 2000 crores rescued from possession . 24 April 2022 . Aaj Tak . hi.
  8. Web site: Naqvi . Haidar . 4 July 2020 . Kanpur gangster Vikas Dubey's house demolished . 24 April 2022 . Hindustan Times . en.
  9. News: Rashid . Omar . 3 July 2020 . Eight U.P. policemen killed after assailants open fire at them in Kanpur, two accused shot dead later . en-IN . The Hindu . 24 April 2022 . 0971-751X.
  10. Web site: 3 July 2020 . IANS . Political patronage nurtured history-sheeter Vikas Dubey . 24 April 2022 . The New Indian Express.
  11. News: Rashid . Omar . 10 July 2020 . Gangster Vikas Dubey shot dead in 'exchange of fire' . en-IN . The Hindu . 24 April 2022 . 0971-751X.
  12. Web site: 27 August 2020 . Press Trust of India . UP MLA Mukhtar Ansari's Illegal Properties Demolished In Lucknow: Official . 24 April 2022 . NDTV.
  13. Web site: 27 August 2020 . UP: योगी सरकार की बड़ी कार्रवाई, मुख्तार अंसारी के बेटों की अवैध संपत्ति पर चला बुलडोजर . UP: Big action of Yogi government, bulldozer on illegal property of sons of Mukhtar Ansari . 24 April 2022 . Navodaya Times . hindi.
  14. Web site: 1 November 2020 . मुख्तार अंसारी के होटल पर चला योगी सरकार का बुलडोजर, गिराई गई बिल्डिंग . Yogi Sarkar's bulldozer on Mukhtar Ansari's hotel, building demolished . 24 April 2022 . ABPlive एबीपी न्यूज़ . hi.
  15. Web site: 20 September 2020 . Nandan . Nishant . यूपी: माफिया अतीक अहमद के रिश्तेदार के घर चला बुलडोजर, 2 करोड़ का मकान तिनके में बिखर गया; देखें वीडियो . UP: Mafia bulldozer went to Atiq Ahmed's relative's house, house worth 2 crores was scattered in straws; watch video . 24 April 2022 . Jansatta . The Indian Express . hi.
  16. Web site: 14 September 2020 . Operation माफिया: अतीक अहमद के 60 करोड़ रुपये की अवैध संपत्ति पर चला बुलडोजर . Operation Mafia: Bulldozer on illegal property worth Rs 60 crore of Atiq Ahmed . 24 April 2022 . Zee News Hindi . hi.
  17. Web site: Yadav . Yogesh . 26 December 2020 . प्रयागराज में एक और माफिया के अवैध निर्माण पर गरजा योगी सरकार का बुलडोजर . Yogi government's bulldozer on illegal construction of another mafia in Prayagraj . 24 April 2022 . Hindustan . hindi.
  18. Web site: 2020 . फिर चला योगी सरकार का बुलडोजर: मऊ में मॉल और वाराणसी में किया इमारत ध्वस्त . 24 April 2022 . ग़ाज़ीपुर न्यूज़.
  19. Web site: Tripathi . Gajendra . 5 July 2021 . अपराधियों और उपद्रवियों की संपत्ति कब्जे में लेकर गरीबों में बांट रही सरकार: योगी आदित्यनाथ . The government is distributing the property of criminals and miscreants among the poor: Yogi Adityanath . 24 April 2022 . Aaj Tak . hi.
  20. Web site: Shantanu . Shashank . 22 July 2021 . Singh . Vishal Pratap . Yogi govt bulldozes illegal Rohingya camps set up in Delhi's Madanpur Khadar over 2.10 hectares land . 24 April 2022 . IndiaTV.
  21. Web site: 30 December 2021 . योगी के बुलडोजर से इस साल जमकर कुचला गया माफिया का गुरूर, निकल गई अपराधियों की हेकड़ी . This year the mafia's pride was crushed fiercely by Yogi's bulldozer, the arrogance of criminals came out . 24 April 2022 . Zee News . hi.
  22. Web site: Singh . Prashasti . 23 February 2021 . 'UP govt has freed 67,000 acres of land from land mafia': CM Yogi Adityanath . 24 April 2022 . Hindustan Times . en.
  23. Web site: 31 October 2020 . Ram Naam Satya Journey Will Start, Yogi Adityanath Warns On 'Love Jihad' . 24 April 2022 . Outlook India.
  24. Web site: 19 August 2021 . Houses for Dalits and poor on land confiscated from mafia in UP, announces CM Yogi Adityanath . 24 April 2022 . Financial Express . The Indian Express.
  25. Web site: Shah . Pankaj . 28 October 2020 . Uttar Pradesh: Yogi Adityanath vows jail for those involved in cow slaughter . 24 April 2022 . The Times of India . en.
  26. Web site: Rathour . Dinesh . 12 September 2021 . सीएम योगी की यूपी के माफियाओं को चेतावनी, गरीबों, किसानों व व्यापारियों को परेशान किया तो जीना हराम कर देंगे . CM Yogi's warning to the mafia of UP, if you harass the poor, farmers and traders, you will make life haram . 24 April 2022 . Hindustan . hindi.
  27. Web site: 19 September 2021 . Verma . Radha . सरकारी संपत्ति पर कब्जा करने वालों का एक ही उपचार- बुलडोज़र, बोले CM योगी . Only one treatment for those who occupied government property - bulldozers, said CM Yogi, people started asking such questions . 24 April 2022 . Jansatta . hi.
  28. Web site: 8 April 2022 . Misuse of bulldozers will not be tolerated: ADG Law and Order after Yogi Adityanath's new directive . 24 April 2022 . The Economic Times . en.
  29. Web site: श्रीवास्तव . समर्थ . 'अपराधी-माफिया को बख्शें नहीं, गरीब को छुएं नहीं', बुलडोजर पर योगी का सख्त फरमान . 'Do not spare the criminal-mafia, do not touch the poor', Yogi's strict order on the bulldozer . 24 April 2022 . Aaj Tak . 8 April 2022 . hi.
  30. News: Majumder . Bhaswati Guha . 10 March 2022 . Why BJP Workers in Uttar Pradesh Are Celebrating Yogi's Victory on Bulldozers . en . News18 . 10 April 2022.
  31. News: PTI . 10 March 2022 . 'Bulldozer baba' -- Mighty Yogi's new sobriquet . ThePrint . 10 April 2022.
  32. News: Sahu . Manish . 8 March 2022 . Explained: Not just bulls, how bulldozers made it to election lexicon in UP . The Indian Express . subscription . 10 April 2022.
  33. Web site: 20 February 2022 . ANI . He is today's Aurangzeb, wasn't loyal to his father, how will he be loyal to you: Shivraj Singh Chouhan takes swipe at Akhilesh Yadav . 24 April 2022 . ThePrint.
  34. Web site: Srivastava . Arun . 25 March 2022 . Glorification of 'bulldozer politics' in UP under Yogi doesn't portend well for democracy . 24 April 2022 . National Herald . en.
  35. News: Hebbar . Nistula . 12 April 2022 . Analysis Shivraj Singh Chouhan's metamorphosis from plain 'mama' to 'bulldozer mama' . en-IN . The Hindu . 23 April 2022 . 0971-751X . ...the liberal use of bulldozers to demolish properties of alleged perpetrators of crime (many from a particular community)... . Nistula Hebbar.
  36. Web site: 23 March 2022 . 'Bulldozer running...': MP chief minister warns miscreants of house demolition . 24 April 2022 . Hindustan Times.
  37. Web site: Dwary . Anurag . 22 March 2022 . Kumar . Akhil . "Bulldozer Mama": After UP, BJP Pushes 'Tough-On-Crime' Image In Madhya Pradesh . 24 April 2022 . NDTV.
  38. Web site: पांडे . सौरभ . 22 March 2022 . शहडोल में गैंगरेप-हत्या के आरोपी के घर पर चला बुलडोजर, छतरपुर में सरकारी जमीन मुक्त . Bulldozer ran at the house of accused of gangrape-murder in Shahdol, freed government land in Chhatarpur . 24 April 2022 . News18 हिंदी . hi.
  39. Web site: Mishra . Sachin Kumar . 21 March 2022 . Madhya Pradesh: मप्र के श्योपुर और सिवनी में दुष्कर्म के आरोपितों के घरों पर चला बुलडोजर . Madhya Pradesh: Bulldozers ran on the houses of the accused of rape in Sheopur and Seoni of MP . 24 April 2022 . Dainik Jagran . hi.
  40. Web site: राठौड़ . विजय सिंह . 21 March 2022 . यूपी के बाद अब एमपी में चला बुलडोजर, रायसेन झड़प के आरोपियों के घर किए गए जमींदोज . Raisen: After UP, bulldozers started running in MP too, houses of accused of Raisen clash were demolished . 24 April 2022 . ABP live . hi.
  41. Web site: कुमार . मुनेश्वर . 20 March 2022 . योगी इफेक्ट! शिवराज से ऑर्डर मिलते ही एमपी में अपराधियों के घर पर चलने लगा बुलडोजर . Yogi Effect! Bulldozer started running at criminals' house in MP as soon as order was received from Shivraj . 24 April 2022 . Navbharat Times . hi.
  42. Web site: Singh . Anuraag . 22 March 2022 . After UP's 'Bulldozer Baba', MP CM Shivraj Singh Chouhan dons role of 'Bulldozer Mama' . 24 April 2022 . The New Indian Express.
  43. Web site: IANS . 31 March 2022 . 'Use Bulldozer To Demolish House of Rape Accused': MP CM Shivraj to Rewa Police . 24 April 2022 . TheQuint . en.
  44. Web site: Tiwari . Vishnukant . 12 April 2022 . 'All Gone to Dust': MP Govt Razes 16 Houses, 29 Shops After Ram Navami Violence . 23 April 2022 . TheQuint . en.
  45. Web site: 21 April 2022 . FP Explainers . 'Bulldozer Baba, Bulldozer Mama, bulldozer justice': How the modest machine has become the buzzword in Indian politics . 23 April 2022 . Firstpost . en.
  46. Web site: Joshi . Bharath . 22 April 2022 . Many unseen hands behind Hubballi violence: Karnataka Home Minister . 23 April 2022 . Deccan Herald . en.
  47. Web site: 20 April 2022 . Demand For 'Bulldozer Model' To Deal With Communal Violence Grows Stronger In State BJP . 23 April 2022 . Hubballi Times . en-US.
  48. Web site: 19 April 2022 . Press Trust of India . 'Bulldozer'-Like Action For Hubbali Rioters? What Karnataka Chief Minister Said . 23 April 2022 . NDTV.
  49. Web site: Shukla . Amandeep . 19 April 2022 . Loudspeaker and bulldozer becoming key terms in Indian political lexicon . 23 April 2022 . The Times of India . en.
  50. Web site: 20 April 2022 . Jahangirpuri violence: Supreme Court steps in, halts demolition drive . 23 April 2022 . The Indian Express . en.
  51. Web site: 20 April 2022 . Jahangirpuri, in pictures: A communal flare-up, demolition drive, then SC intervention . 23 April 2022 . The Indian Express . en.
  52. News: Rajagopal . Krishnadas . Sur . Arnabjit . 20 April 2022 . Supreme Court halts eviction drive in Delhi's Jahangirpuri . en-IN . The Hindu . 23 April 2022 . 0971-751X.
  53. Web site: Razdan . Nidhi . Ghosh . Deepshikha . 20 April 2022 . Mayor On Why Bulldozers Kept Moving In Delhi's Jahangirpuri Even After Court Pause . 23 April 2022 . NDTV.
  54. News: 20 April 2022 . Bulldozer drive in Jahangirpuri triggers political slugfest . en-IN . The Hindu . 24 April 2022 . 0971-751X.
  55. Web site: 21 April 2022 . Demolition in Jahangirpuri: After communal flare up, bulldozer politics . 24 April 2022 . The Indian Express . en.
  56. Web site: 22 April 2022 . Alwar: Bulldozers raze 300-year-old Shiva temple in Rajasthan . 23 April 2022 . Hindustan Times . en.
  57. Web site: 22 April 2022 . From UP, MP to Delhi & Now Rajasthan, Bulldozer Politics Hits Alwar Temples. BJP Calls it 'Revenge' . 24 April 2022 . News18 . en.
  58. Web site: 23 April 2022 . Alwar Demolition Row: All Three Temples Razed in Anti-encroachment Drive to be Rebuilt, Says Admin . 24 April 2022 . News18.
  59. Web site: Sharma . Santosh . 23 April 2022 . राजस्थान: अलवर में मंदिर के बाद गोशाला पर चला बुलडोजर, वन विभाग ने खाली कराई 40 बीघा जमीन . Rajasthan: After the temple in Alwar, the bulldozer ran on the cowshed, the forest department evacuated 40 bighas of land . 24 April 2022 . Aaj Tak . hi.
  60. Web site: Kar . Sharmita . 23 April 2022 . Srinivasan . Chandrashekar . 'Gaushala' demolished in Rajasthan's Alwar, day after razing of Shiva temple . 24 April 2022 . Hindustan Times.
  61. Web site: Ojha . Srishti . 2022-04-21 . "You Require Bulldozers To Remove Stalls & Chairs?" Supreme Court Asks NDMC On Jahangirpuri Demolitions . 2022-04-26 . LiveLaw.
  62. Web site: Gupta . Anmol . Joseph . Jeff . Joshi . Mukta . 21 April 2022 . Despite BJP's Claims, Jahangirpuri Demolitions Were Far From a Legitimate Anti-Encroachment Drive . 2022-04-26 . The Wire.
  63. Web site: Dilshad . Mohd . 23 April 2022 . Now, tractor will confront bulldozer: Rakesh Tikait . 23 April 2022 . The Times of India.
  64. Web site: 20 April 2022 . Delhi demolition: Bulldoze BJP headquarters, Amit Shah's residence to end riots, says AAP's Raghav Chadha . 23 April 2022 . Financial Express . The Indian Express.
  65. Web site: 20 April 2022 . Kumar . Akhil . "Demolish Home Minister's House": Opposition On 'Bulldozer' Move In Delhi . 23 April 2022 . NDTV.
  66. News: Rashid . Omar . 20 April 2022 . BJP made the bulldozer a symbol of its unlawful power, says Akhilesh . en-IN . The Hindu . 23 April 2022 . 0971-751X.
  67. News: PTI . 16 April 2022 . With CM busy chasing opposition on bulldozer, jungle raj prevails in UP: Akhilesh Yadav . The Economic Times . 23 April 2022.
  68. Web site: 23 April 2022 . Sisodia's message to MLAs: Stand firm against BJP's 'bulldozer politics' . 23 April 2022 . The Indian Express . en.
  69. Web site: 27 December 2021 . PTI . Cong seeks to dub Yogi Adityanath as 'Bulldozernath' . 24 April 2022 . Outlook India.
  70. Web site: Kuchay . Bilal . 18 April 2022 . India: Muslim group takes 'dangerous bulldozer politics' to court . 23 April 2022 . Al Jazeera.
  71. Web site: 24 April 2022 . PTI . AAP ups ante against BJP's 'bulldozer politics', takes out foot marches in Delhi . 24 April 2022 . ThePrint.
  72. Web site: Joy . Shemin . 24 April 2022 . Aim of bulldozer politics is to demonise Muslims: Brinda Karat . 24 April 2022 . Deccan Herald . en.
  73. Web site: 23 April 2022 . TV Newsance 168: Bulldozer ka religion and news anchors ki khushi . 23 April 2022 . Newslaundry.
  74. Web site: 20 April 2022 . Jahangirpuri demolition drive: Anjana Om Kashyap rides a bulldozer to literally break the news . 23 April 2022 . Newslaundry.
  75. Web site: 21 April 2022 . Uttar Pradesh: Amidst bulldozer demolition, Hamirpur district magistrate clicks pictures of self with JCB, uploads on Whatsapp status . 23 April 2022 . Free Press Journal . en.
  76. Web site: Moorthy . N. Sathiya . April 25, 2022 . Why 'Bulldozer Politics' Won't Work . 2022-04-26 . Rediff . en.

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