Banjarese language should not be confused with Banjari language.
| Banjarese | |
| Nativename: | basa Banjar jaku Banjar |
| States: | Indonesia |
| Region: | |
| Ethnicity: | Banjarese |
| Speakers: | L1 4,127,124 |
| Date: | 2010 census |
| Speakers2: | L1 & L2: ~10,650,000 |
| Script: | |
| Standards: | Standard Banjarese |
| Dia1: | Banjar Hulu[1] [2] |
| Dia2: | Banjar Kuala[3] [4] |
| Familycolor: | Austronesian |
| Fam2: | Malayo-Polynesian |
| Fam3: | Malayic |
| Minority: | Indonesia |
| Agency: | Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa |
| Iso3: | bjn |
| Glotto: | banj1241 |
| Lingua: | 31-MFA-fd |
| Map: | Banjarese language.jpg |
| Notice: | IPA |
The Banjar or Banjarese (basa Banjar; jaku Banjar, Jawi:) is an Austronesian language predominantly spoken by the Banjarese—an indigenous ethnic group native to Banjar regions— in the southeastern Kalimantan of Indonesia. The Banjarese language is the Latin: de facto lingua franca for various indigenous community especially in South Kalimantan, as well as Central Kalimantan (notably in Seruyan Regency and Sukamara Regency) and East Kalimantan in general.
Apart from the native Banjarese in Indonesia, the Banjarese language also spoken by little Banjarese diaspora abroad (such as in Brunei, Malaysia (notably in Sabah and Perak), and Singapore); however, they tend to not use it as their primary language, and their fluency degree is questionable.
There are at least two divisions of dialects within the Banjarese language:
According to Cense,[5] the Banjar Hulu dialect are predominantly spoken by Banjarese people in the South Hulu Sungai Regency and North Hulu Sungai Regency regions.
The consonantal inventory of Banjarese language is shown below. All but pronounced as /[ʔ]/ occur at the onset of a syllable:[6]
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |||
| Plosive/ Affricate | voiceless | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | (pronounced as /link/) | |
| voiced | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |||
| Fricative | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |||||
| Lateral | pronounced as /link/ | ||||||
| Rhotic | pronounced as /link/ | ||||||
| Approximant | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |||||
Sudarmo finds five monophthongs:[6]
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||
| Mid | pronounced as /link/ | (pronounced as /link/) | pronounced as /link/ | |
| Open | pronounced as /link/ |
Durasid finds three monophthongs and three diphthongs in Pahuluan Banjarese:[1]
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||
| Open | pronounced as /link/ |
Regionally, pronounced as //a// has an allophone pronounced as /[ə]/ and pronounced as //u// has an allophone pronounced as /[ɔ]/. The diphthongs are pronounced as //ai/, /au/, /ui//.Loans with /e/ or /o/ are assimilated to these three vowels. E.g. is realized as pronounced as /[karitik]/. However, since most Banjarese speakers are effectively bilingual, this realization becomes rarer.
The standard alphabet is as follows:[7]
| Alphabet | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | b | c | d | é | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | ny | ng | o | p | r | s | t | u | w | y | |
| Phonetic value | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |