Buke and Gase explained
Origin: | Brooklyn, New York, U.S. |
Years Active: | 2008–present |
Current Members: |
|
Buke and Gase (formerly spelled Buke and Gass) (and) is a New York based musical duo named after the musical instruments invented and built by founders Arone Dyer and Aron Sanchez; the buke is a six-string former-baritone ukulele and the gase is a hybrid guitar-bass.
History
1998: moving to New York
Arone Dyer had been writing songs since 1993, performing at coffee houses around her hometown of Willmar, Minnesota. As she was not formally educated in guitar playing, she tuned her Fender Classical acoustic guitar however she liked. In 1998, she competed against other musicians to win an opportunity to open the Lilith Fair in Minneapolis and sell her debut (and,, only) solo album Jump at the merchandise stall. Being just eighteen years-of-age, and graduating public arts high school that year; Dyer called the experience with the Lilith Fair a whirlwind for which she wasn't prepared. Following the Lilith Fair, her performances' intensity brought on debilitating carpal tunnel, forcing her to stop playing guitar.
This threw me into depression and catapulted me to NYC where I thought I'd be able to run away from being a somewhat-successful musician. Like a super smart teenager would think. [Jump] was my Mount Etna as a singer-songwriter. Kaboom! Fizzle and regroup.
Dyer took up work as a
luthier and bicycle mechanic, running her own workshop on the
Lower East Side for several years.
Meanwhile, Maine native Aron Sanchez grew up tinkering with, modifying and creating musical instruments and ancillaries; these efforts became his job after joining the backing band of the New York based Blue Man Group in 1998, in turn becoming their creative director and musical instrument designer. He established his Polyphonic Workshop and recording studio in the Cobble Hill/Red Hook neighborhood of Brooklyn.
2000–2004: Dyer and Sanchez meet
Dyer and Sanchez were introduced in 2000 by mutual music-scene friends because, according to Dyer, they both had the same name, and promptly collaborated on ten songs that Dyer says "have barely, if ever, seen the light of public day". Blue Man Group heard of these collaborations and invited Dyer to provide vocals on their second album The Complex and tour with them through 2003.
Around this time, Sanchez (bass) with Ian Savage (guitars) and Rami Gabay (drums) were working on improvisational music together, and Dyer would make suggestions to the group, eventually being absorbed into it, thereby forming the post-punk noise band Hominid. They released a couple of EPs and were asked to tour with the Fall but Gabay was deported and, although they did find another drummer, Jarrod Ruby, and toured with the Fall, Dyer and Sanchez, who had been dating, broke up, Hominid disbanded and Dyer quit music and distanced herself from the scene.
Sanchez developed the first iteration of an instrument, that became known as the gass, because of a desire to extend the range of the bass guitar. He added guitar strings, custom-built his own pickups and separated the bass and guitar string outputs to their own custom-built amplifiers. This new instrument was field-tested with Proton Proton, the band next formed by Sanchez with Hominid drummer Ruby and Paul Fuster (vocals, guitar, keys).
2008: formation of Buke and Gass and debut EP +/−
Dyer and Sanchez hadn't spoken to each other for around four years, and just as Dyer was considering returning to music creation, Sanchez emailed her, asking how her cycling was going and if she'd be interested in joining the remnants of Sanchez's band as singer and guitarist. As a solution for the carpal tunnel Dyer developed as a teenager, that had kept her from providing guitar in Hominid, and because Dyer felt uninspired by the guitar, an instrument she'd played for so long, they converted a four-string baritone ukulele, which is smaller and lighter than a guitar, requiring less physical strain to play, to a six-string with pickups for amplification; thus the buke was born.
The drummer left shortly after Dyer joined, leaving Dyer and Sanchez with a buke, a gass and a desire to make more noise than one might expect from a duo. They decided to remain a duo for the beneficial economics and creative control and freedom, and for the convenience of performing locally they worked to keep their equipment compact, being able to pack it all in a sedan. To fill the need for percussion, Dyer created the toe-bourine, from tambourine parts and bells attached to a bicycle pedal toe clip and Sanchez made use of a kick drum modified with an attached tambourine.
Speaking with NPR in 2010 and Make in 2012, Sanchez has described how the unique qualities of their instruments have led to creative decisions they might not otherwise have made:
...especially my instrument. It's not tuned like a normal guitar at all so it's both limiting and challenging but also liberating at the same time. I come up with parts I wouldn't normally think of so in that way it's dictating the music a lot.
Additionally the duo custom-built and utilise
effects pedals to manipulate the sound of their instruments, but reject the use of prerecorded and
live looping, preferring to take full responsibility for the temporal activation of their gear.
Using Sanchez' studio as a rehearsal space, they developed their songwriting process, recording long improvisational sessions, reviewing the content of multiple sessions at a later date, cherry-picking the parts they like and working them together. Dyer writes the lyrics based on elements from within the improvisations, and other influences.
The duo, now named after their buke and gass, recorded their debut EP +/− at Sanchez' studio and independently released it in 2008. Interviewing the duo in 2009, Ken Partridge for the Deli called it "a confounding collection of shifty, unpredictable, unclassifiable indie-rock songs", and Jeff Goodsmith for Elitish said they had combined "sonic landscapes, outstanding vocals, and a 'wait, this was only done by two people?' instrumental complexity [making] a truly unique and exciting listening experience". When Goodsmith asked how they would describe their music, Dyer answered with this "poetic attempt":
it's the exuberant heartbeat of a newly retired schoolhouse janitor (no offense) riding the back of a strong and determined racehorse as it gracefully hurdles through scenes, such as a serene rose-petaled puddle, or a group of surprised topless sun-beat-beach-goers, or a pitchfork and flame-bearing mob blood-hungry for the rabbit who stole all their carrots and cabbage the day before some big holiday. Musically.
2009–2010: signing with Brassland and first album Riposte
Jessica Dessner, sister of Brassland Records founders Aaron and Bryce Dessner, discovered Buke and Gass online and emailed them to arrange a show at the Sycamore Bar in Ditmas Park, Brooklyn, mentioning that her brothers were both members of the National. The Dessners attended the show and afterwards invited Dyer and Sanchez to play with them. Sanchez told Laura Snapes for the Guardian in 2011 that they didn't know who the National was, but "in the end, signing with [Brassland] was a pretty easy decision. ...the eclectic mix of people and sounds is cool".
Buke and Gass released their first full-length studio album Riposte in September 2010. Andre Barnes reviewing the album for AllMusic commented that "there's a sense of monotony among the album's 14 songs" due to "the lack of varying instrumentation", but summarized it as "conspicuously quirky and menacing with a dainty undercurrent", noting "its raucous glee". In their review for Pitchfork, Joshua Love commented that "a measurable chunk of [its] middle [blends] together into something ... a little wearying", but "when [they] focus their energy ... the results are positively arresting". They concluded that:
Dyer and Sanchez are the sort of artists who will continue to challenge themselves at every turn. As long as they can keep that boundless creativity from going in a million different directions at once, their listeners will reap plenty of rewards.
Writing of a live performance shortly after the release of
Riposte, Ben Ratliff, for
the New York Times, called the music, mostly from the album:
fully alert and transferred directly from the catharsis of two people improvising together. ...using sturdy old devices that don't get used enough in pop: melodic lines in contrary motion; additive meter, which breaks up a long pattern of beats into smaller groups; stacked rhythms; stressed upbeats.
In December, Lars Gotrich included
Riposte in "NPR Music's 50 Favorite Albums Of 2010", writing that "the duo's huge-sounding prog-punk anthems were written with an effusive sense of joy ... [''Riposte''] will stomp you with glee". The same month, the duo performed a
Tiny Desk Concert at the NPR office. Gotrich then wrote of
Riposte that there is "unbridled creativity at play, as the speakers are joyfully pummeled with unexpected delight — exactly the way they are at this Tiny Desk Concert".
2011: renaming as Buke and Gase
In December 2011, Brassland announced that Buke and Gass had changed their name to Buke and Gase to address confusion about the pronunciation of Gass. Arone and Aron's statement on the subject was presented in the form of a limerick:
If there was one thing to replaceIt would be the last S in Gass,There isn't much classWhen rhymed with sassafras,So we changed it to E just in case.
2012–2013: Function Falls and General Dome
They moved to Hudson and started work on their next full-length album, releasing "Hiccup" in sympathy with the Occupy movement.
For an episode of the WNYC program Radiolab in May 2012, Buke and Gase (among other artists) were asked to provide covers of songs with a color theme. They recorded a cover of "Blue Monday" by New Order, which inspired the creation of their EP Function Falls. This EP saw the introduction of computerised arrangement of their usual improvisations to their creative process.
Function Falls was released and they joined Deerhoof on a US tour before releasing the album General Dome in 2013.
2014–2022
The EP Arone vs. Aron was released in 2017 followed by the album Scholars in 2019. Their "lost album" Dry Daniel was released in 2020, although originally planned for release in 2014. They collaborated with So Percussion for the album A Record Of in 2021 and followed it with another collaboration; the EP Buke and Gase + Rahrah Gabor with rapper Rahrah Gabor was released in 2022.
2023–present: Buke & Gase film
Released in May 2023, Buke & Gase is a film documenting the duo's concert in 2020 "at the height of the Covid-19 pandemic, when tours were cancelled", directed by Steven Pierce, produced by Framework Productions, and performed and recorded in the Basilica Hudson, New York, 2020.
Discography
Studio albums
- Riposte (2010)
- General Dome (2013)
- Scholars (2019)
- Dry Daniel (2020); recorded 2014
- A Record Of (2021)
Extended plays
- +/− (2008)
- Function Falls (2012)
- Arone vs. Aron (2017)
- Buke and Gase + Rahrah Gabor (2022)
Film
See also
Musical artists and groups who have created their own musical instruments
References
Undated
- Web site: Best Art Vinyl 2011: Winners & Nominees. n.d.. Best Art Vinyl. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150715204640/https://artvinyl.com/award-year/2011/. July 15, 2015.
- Web site: Dronechoir — Arone Dyer. n.d.. Arone Dyer. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20220320080457/https://aronedyer.com/013. March 20, 2022.
- Web site: Polyphonic Workshop. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150219212524/http://polyphonicworkshop.com/index.html. February 19, 2015.
- Web site: Buke and Gase. n.d.. Discorporate Records. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20130711013525/https://www.discorporate-records.com/artists/buke-and-gase/. July 11, 2013.
- Web site: The Complex: Blue Man Group: Credits. n.d.. AllMusic. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20121231233335/https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-complex-mw0000595174/credits. December 31, 2012.
- Web site: Buke and Gase Biography. n.d.. Jason. Birchmeier. AllMusic. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20230108153654/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/buke-and-gase-mn0002019109/biography. January 8, 2023.
- Web site: Buke and Gase: General Dome Review. n.d.. Gregory. Heaney. AllMusic. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20130210043112/https://www.allmusic.com/album/general-dome-mw0002434683. February 10, 2013.
- Web site: Buke and Gase: Scholars Review. n.d.. Mark. Deming. AllMusic. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20191214190331/https://www.allmusic.com/album/scholars-mw0003230953. December 14, 2019.
- Web site: Buke and Gase. n.d.. All Tomorrow's Parties. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20141104045519/https://www.atpfestival.com/artist/bukeandgase. November 4, 2014.
1999
2007
2008
- Web site: MySpace – BUKE AND GĀSS. n.d.. Myspace. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20081112045714/http://www.myspace.com:80/bukeandgass. November 12, 2008.
2010
- The Loudest Miniature Fuzz. April 20, 2010. Jad Abumrad. Jad Abumrad. Buke and Gase. Radiolab. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20230107212058/https://radiolab.org/episodes/91959-the-loudest-miniature-fuzz. January 7, 2023.
- Web site: Having a Gass: Don't let Buke & Gass's strange instruments overshadow the awesome tunes. August 5, 2010. Benjamin. Boles. Now. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20230112012804/https://nowtoronto.com/music/having-a-gass. January 12, 2023.
- Soundcheck: Buke & Gass. August 26, 2010. Buke and Gase. John Schaefer. John Schaefer. WNYC. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20230110015743/https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/soundcheck/segments/92391-buke-gass. January 10, 2023.
- Web site: On Your Record Release Radar: Buke & Gass. September 13, 2010. Douglas Q.. Smith. WNYC. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20230107220718/https://www.wnyc.org/story/92567-your-record-release-radar-buke-gass/. January 7, 2023.
- Web site: Arts & Crafts With Buke & Gass. December 8, 2010. Mike. Ayers. The Village Voice. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201024210126/https://www.villagevoice.com/2010/12/08/arts-crafts-with-buke-gass/. October 24, 2020.
2011
- Web site: Close it out with Buke and Gass. May 3, 2011. Wendy. Kale. Kalene. McCort. Kalen. Nemnich. Colorado Daily. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20230112011506/https://www.coloradodaily.com/2011/05/03/close-it-out-with-buke-and-gass/. January 12, 2023.
- Web site: Buke and Gass: "Riposte". June 28, 2011. Andrew. Hannah. The Line of Best Fit. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20230112012425/https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/reviews/albums/buke-and-gass-riposte-58303. January 12, 2023.
- Web site: Music-DJ-Art-Fog & Laser Night : Up next. August 2, 2011. Basilica Hudson. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201026213924/https://basilicahudson.org/up-next/. October 26, 2020.
- Web site: Women With Wrenches. September 9, 2011. Jed. Lipinski. The New York Times. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20110912220529/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/11/nyregion/female-bike-mechanics-on-the-rise-in-new-york-city.html. September 12, 2011.
2012
- Web site: Buke and Gass are now Buke and Gase, playing NY Guitar Fest. January 5, 2012. BrooklynVegan. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160927130612/https://www.brooklynvegan.com/buke-and-gass-a/. September 27, 2016.
- Web site: Buke And Gase – "Hiccup". May 1, 2012. Corban. Goble. Stereogum. subscription. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20230118171502/https://www.stereogum.com/1018372/buke-and-gase-hiccup/news/. January 18, 2023.
- Web site: "Hiccup": Buke And Gase. May 1, 2012. Laura. Snapes. Pitchfork. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20120501211933/https://pitchfork.com/reviews/tracks/13538-buke-and-gase-hiccup/. May 1, 2012.
- Web site: All the Covers of the Rainbow. May 22, 2012. Radiolab. subscription. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140829032842/http://www.radiolab.org/story/211494-all-covers-rainbow/. August 29, 2014.
- News: Buke & Gase playing shows after Deerhoof tour (dates). July 13, 2012. BrooklynVegan. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170326185314/https://www.brooklynvegan.com/buke-gase-playi/. March 26, 2017.
- Stream Buke & Gase's Frankensteinian New EP Function Falls. September 10, 2012. Angela. Watercutter. Wired. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160512013246/https://www.wired.com/2012/09/stream-buke-gase-function-falls/. May 12, 2016.
- Web site: Album Review: Buke and Gase – Function Falls EP. September 10, 2012. Jake. Cohen. Consequence. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20221206003926/https://consequence.net/2012/09/album-review-buke-and-gase-function-falls-ep/. December 6, 2022.
- Web site: The Quirky Songcraft of Buke and Gase. September 17, 2012. David. Chiu. Brooklyn Based. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201123162337/https://brooklynbased.com/2012/09/17/the-quirky-songcraft-of-buke-and-gase/. November 23, 2020.
- Web site: Buke and Gase: Function Falls Review. September 21, 2012. Laura. Snapes. Pitchfork. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20120923000656/https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/17189-function-falls/. September 23, 2012.
- Web site: Buke and Gase: Function Falls Review. October 1, 2012. Evan. Minsker. Pitchfork. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20121005005531/https://pitchfork.com/news/48028-buke-and-gase-announce-new-lp/. October 5, 2012.
- Web site: Buke & Gase donate song proceeds to hurricane relief in Red Hook, Brooklyn. November 5, 2012. Brassland. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170628100828/https://brassland.org/news/buke-gase-donate-song-proceeds-to-hurricane-relief-in-red-hook-brooklyn. June 28, 2017.
- Web site: Buke and Gase: The New York duo discuss their extreme DIY approach and their forthcoming LP. November 26, 2012. Laura. Snapes. Photograph by Grant Cornett. Pitchfork. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20121127020710/https://pitchfork.com/features/update/8987-buke-and-gase/. November 27, 2012.
- Talking Shop with Aron Sanchez of Buke and Gase: page 1. November 29, 2012. Michael Colombo. Aron Sanchez. Make. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20230108143739/https://makezine.com/article/craft/music/talking-shop-with-aron-sanchez-of-buke-and-gase/. January 8, 2023.
- Buke and Gase. November 29, 2012. Matt Diehl. Buke and Gase. Photographed by Sebastian Kim. Interview. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20130804052744/https://www.interviewmagazine.com/music/buke-and-gase. August 4, 2013.
2013
- Web site: Buke and Gase: General Dome Review. January 29, 2013. Jazz. Monroe. Exclaim!. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130211144444/https://exclaim.ca/reviews/popandrock/buke_gase-general_dome. February 11, 2013.
- Web site: Buke and Gase: General Dome Review. January 29, 2013. Brian. Howe. Pitchfork. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20130130112725/https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/17563-general-dome/. January 30, 2013.
- Web site: Buke and Gase: General Dome Review. January 30, 2013 . joshuatree. Sputnikmusic. live. https://archive.today/20230207034539/https://www.sputnikmusic.com/review/54680/Buke-and-Gase-General-Dome/. February 7, 2023.
- Web site: First Listen: Buke And Gase, 'General Dome'. January 20, 2013. Stephen. Thompson. NPR. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20130121183413/https://www.npr.org/2013/01/20/169450465/first-listen-buke-and-gase-general-dome. January 21, 2013.
- Web site: Album Review: Buke and Gase – General Dome. January 31, 2013. Paula. Mejia. Consequence. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20230109191648/https://consequence.net/2013/01/album-review-buke-and-gase-general-dome/. January 9, 2023.
- Web site: Deconstructing: Buke And Gase, Doing It Yourself, And The Bounds Of Creativity. February 1, 2013. Michael. Nelson. Stereogum. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20220715130044/https://www.stereogum.com/1249221/deconstructing-buke-and-gase-doing-it-yourself-and-the-bounds-of-creativity/columns/sounding-board/. July 15, 2022.
- Web site: Artist on Artist: Buke & Gase talk to Ian Schneller of Specimen Products. February 4, 2013. Kevin. Warwick. Chicago Reader. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210925052916/https://chicagoreader.com/film/artist-on-artist-buke-gase-talk-to-ian-schneller-of-specimen-products/. September 25, 2021.
- Web site: Buke And Gase, 'General Dome' (Brassland). February 5, 2013. Jessica. Hopper. Spin. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150930164014/https://www.spin.com/2013/02/buke-and-gase-general-dome-brassland/. September 30, 2015.
- Web site: Buke and Gase's General Dome: Newer Name, Grittier Sound. February 7, 2013. Daniel J.. Kushner. HuffPost. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20230118171920/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/s-buke-and-gases-general_b_2634743. January 18, 2023.
- Web site: Buke and Gase. February 7, 2013. Jazz. Monroe. Exclaim!. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200417034625/https://exclaim.ca/music/article/buke_gase. April 17, 2020.
- Web site: Buke and Gase: General Dome Review. February 20, 2013. Michael James. Hall. The Line of Best Fit. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20130313231110/https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/reviews/albums/buke-and-gase-general-dome-118336. March 13, 2013.
- Web site: Album Review: Buke and Gase – General Dome. February 26, 2013. Joshua. Pickard. Beats Per Minute. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20230109191649/https://beatsperminute.com/album-review-buke-and-gase-general-dome/. January 9, 2023.
- News: Buke and Gase: General Dome Review. February 27, 2013. Darren. Lee. MusicOMH. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20130301021154/https://www.musicomh.com/reviews/albums/buke-and-gase-general-dome. March 1, 2013.
- Web site: Buke and Gase: General Dome. February 27, 2013. Josh. Goller. Spectrum Culture. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20230108141808/https://spectrumculture.com/2013/02/27/buke-and-gase-general-dome/. January 8, 2023.
- Web site: Buke And Gase: A Broader Sonic Range. March 20, 2013. WNYC Studios. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20230108150916/https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/soundcheck/segments/277058-buke-gase. January 8, 2023.
- Web site: Meet Buke and Gase. April 12, 2013. Courtney. Phenicie. Cincy Music. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200919034627/https://cincymusic.com/blog/2013/04/meet-buke-and-gase. September 19, 2020.
- Eight questions for Aron Sanchez of Buke and Gase. April 18, 2013. Mihret Yohannes. Aron Sanchez. Exberliner. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20220625112146/https://www.exberliner.com/music-clubs/eight-questions-for-aron-sanchez-of-buke-and-gase/. June 25, 2022.
2015
2017
2018
2019
- Web site: Quick Takes: Buke and Gase: Scholars. January 2019. No Ripcord. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190219011749/https://www.noripcord.com/features/quick-takes-january-2019. February 19, 2019.
- Web site: Buke and Gase return, as singular as ever. January 14, 2019. Christopher. Hamilton-Peach. The Line of Best Fit. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201202095912/https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/reviews/albums/buke-and-gase-scholars-album-review. December 2, 2020.
- Web site: Buke and Gase Continue Their Genre-Defying Education on 'Scholars'. January 16, 2019. Jordan. Blum. PopMatters. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190123231249/https://www.popmatters.com/buke-and-gase-scholars-2625902742.html. January 23, 2019.
- Web site: Buke and Gase – Scholars. January 17, 2019. Adam. Turner-Heffer. The Skinny. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190117200739/https://www.theskinny.co.uk/music/reviews/albums/buke-and-gase-scholars. January 17, 2019.
- Web site: Buke and Gase: Scholars Review. January 18, 2019. Dale W. Eisinger. Pitchfork. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190118115428/https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/buke-and-gase-scholars/. January 18, 2019.
- Web site: Buke and Gase: Scholars Review. January 19, 2019. Sowing . Sputnikmusic. live. https://archive.today/20230207040342/https://www.sputnikmusic.com/review/78752/Buke-and-Gase-Scholars/. February 7, 2023.
- Web site: How Buke and Gase built a huge indie rock career—and its own guitars, software. January 19, 2019. Sam. Machkovech. Photographs by Sam Machkovech and Aron Sanchez. Ars Technica. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190120143124/https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2019/01/how-buke-and-gase-built-a-huge-indie-rock-career-and-its-own-guitars-software/. January 20, 2019.
- Web site: Buke and Gase: Scholar (Brassland) Review. January 31, 2019. Michael James. Hall. Under the Radar. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190131225808/http://www.undertheradarmag.com/reviews/buke_and_gase_scholar/. January 31, 2019.
- Web site: Buke & Gase — Scholars (Brassland). February 20, 2019. Rachel. Smith. Dusted. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190227034654/https://dustedmagazine.tumblr.com/post/182941389651/buke-gase-scholars-brassland. February 27, 2019.
2021
2022
External links