| Official Name: | Buka |
| Settlement Type: | Town |
| Mapsize: | 300px |
| Pushpin Map: | Papua New Guinea Bougainville Island#Papua New Guinea |
| Pushpin Label Position: | bottom |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in Bougainville |
| Pushpin Mapsize: | 300 |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | Papua New Guinea |
| Subdivision Name1: | Autonomous Region of Bougainville |
| Subdivision Type2: | District |
| Subdivision Name2: | North Bougainville District |
| Subdivision Type3: | Province |
| Subdivision Name3: | Autonomous Region of Bougainville |
| Unit Pref: | Imperial |
| Timezone1: | BST |
| Utc Offset1: | +11 |
| Coordinates: | -5.4219°N 154.6728°W |
| Blank Name: | Main languages |
| Blank Info: | Nasioi, Rorovana |
| Blank1 Name: | Climate |
| Blank1 Info: | Af |
Buka is a town located on the southern coast of Buka Island, in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, in eastern Papua New Guinea.[1] It is administered under Buka Rural LLG.[2] It is the capital of the North Bougainville District and the interim capital of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville. It contains Our Lady of the Assumption Cathedral.[3]
The city and Buka Island are separated from the northern tip of Bougainville Island by the deep, narrow Buka Passage, which varies in width from 980 to 3,000 feet (300 to 1,070 metres). Both islands are in the northern Solomon Islands archipelago and the only major ones not within the nation of Solomon Islands.
Buka Island is volcanic formation measuring 35 miles by 9 miles (56 km by 14 km), with a total land area of 190 square miles (492 km²). The elevation reaches to 1,634 feet (498 metres) in the hills in the southwest, and the interior of the island is densely forested. Rainfall is abundant, with more than 100 inches (2,500 mm) annually. Coral reefs fringe the south and west coasts, the latter deeply indented by Queen Carola Harbour.
Buka consists of three major geological units: a plateau of uplifted coral reefs, steep hills and coral formations of post-Pleistocene age.[4]
The city is served by Buka Airport.
Discovered by Europeans in 1768,[5] the German Empire laid claim to the island in 1899, annexing it into German New Guinea. Buka became the capital of the Bougainville Province decades later, during the 1990s Bougainville Civil War. The former, or "proper" capital of Bougainville, Arawa, was all but destroyed in 1990 as tensions reached a critical level in a civil uprising, which ended with the Bougainville Peace Agreement in 1998. The Bougainville government intends to return the capital to Arawa in the future.[6]