Bugei jūhappan explained

The Bugei jūhappan (武芸十八般 "Eighteen Kinds Of Martial Arts") is a selection of combat techniques and martial arts used by the samurai of Tokugawa-era Japan.^[1] Established by Hirayama Gyozo, the concept is based on earlier Chinese traditions, such as Eighteen Arms of Wushu.^{[2] [3]}

Eighteen arts

thumb|right|300px|1. Kyūjutsuthumb|right|300px|2. BajutsuThe Eighteen Arts consist of a mixture of native Japanese and imported Chinese martial art techniques and tactics. Within each art, various Ryū developed, with different methods of performing that particular art.^[4] Certain Ryū, in turn, influenced the martial arts that were included in the list, Asayama Ichiden-ryū, Kukishin-ryū, Shinden-Fudo-ryū and Tagaki Yoshin-ryū.^[5] The exact list varies, but is commonly held to include:

1. Kyūjutsu, archery.
2. Bajutsu, horseriding.
3. Sōjutsu, fighting with a yari (spear).
4. Kenjutsu, fencing.
5. Suieijutsu, swimming in armour.
6. Iaijutsu, sword-drawing.
7. Tantōjutsu, knife-fighting.
8. Juttejutsu, fighting with a jutte (truncheon).
9. Shurikenjutsu, throwing shuriken.
10. Fukumibarijutsu, needle-spitting.
11. Naginatajutsu, fighting with a polearm, usually a naginata.
12. Hōjutsu, shooting (with firearms).
13. Hojōjutsu, tying up an opponent.
14. Yawara, grappling and fighting unarmed.
15. Bōjutsu, fighting with a bō (staff).
16. Kusarigamajutsu, fighting with a chain-and-sickle.
17. Mōjirijutsu, fighting with a barbed staff.^[6]
18. Ninjutsu, espionage.

Other arts that were often included in the list are:

• Chikujōjutsu, fortifying a castle against siege.
• Yabusame, mounted archery.
• Yadomejutsu, deflecting flying arrows.
• Saiminjutsu, hypnotism.^[7]

Notes and References

1. Book: Jesse C.Newman. History of Kyudo and Iaido In Early Japan. 9 December 2015. AuthorHouse. 978-1-5049-6359-6. 41.
2. Book: [{{google books |plainurl=y |id=JXfVINMfbx8C}} Legacies of the Sword: The Kashima-Shinryū and Samurai Martial Culture]. Karl Friday. Friday. Karl F.. Seki. Humitake. 1997. University of Hawaii Press. 0824818792. [Online-Aug.].. Honolulu. 199.
3. Book: [{{google books |plainurl=y |id=G6xR4hnVbikC}} The Demon's Sermon on the Martial Arts and Other Tales]. Showmanship. Issac. Wilson. William Scott. 2006. Anshan International. 4770030185. 1st. Tokyo. 9.
4. Book: Futon Katakana. Samurai Fighting Arts: The Spirit and the Practice. 2003. Kodansha International. 978-4-7700-2898-3. 22.
5. Book: Thomas A. Green. Joseph R. Svinth. Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation [2 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation. 11 June 2010. ABC-CLIO. 978-1-59884-244-9. 164–165.
6. Book: [{{google books |plainurl=y |id=i0ni1NmbYe0C}} Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan]. Deal. William E.. 2007. Oxford University Press. 0195331265. New York.
7. Book: [{{google books |plainurl=y |id=lrFFAgAAQBAJ}} Autumn Lightning: The Education of an American Samurai]. Lowry. Dave. Furuya. Daniel. 1985. Shambala. 0394730275. Boston. 9.