Bud Billiken Parade and Picnic explained

Bud Billiken Parade and Picnic
Country:United States
Years Active:–present[1] [2]
Date:Every second Saturday in August
Last:August 10, 2024
Next:August 9, 2025
Status:Active
Genre:Parade
Founder Name:Robert Sengstacke Abbott
(founder)
Frequency:Annual

The Bud Billiken Parade and Picnic (also known as The Bud Billiken Day Parade) is an annual parade held since 1929[3] in Chicago, Illinois. The Bud Billiken Day Parade is the largest African-American parade in the United States.[4] Held annually on the city's south side on the second Saturday in August,[5] the parade route travels on Dr. Martin Luther King Drive through the Bronzeville and Washington Park[6] neighborhoods. At the end of the parade, in the historic Washington public park is a picnic and festival. Robert S. Abbott, the founder and publisher of the Chicago Defender newspaper, created the fictional character of Bud Billiken, which he featured in a youth advice column in his paper. David Kellum, co-founder of the newspaper sponsored Bud Billiken Club and longtime parade coordinator[7] [8] suggested the parade as a celebration of African-American life.

Since its beginning, the parade has featured celebrities, politicians, businessmen, civic organizations and youth. It is considered the second largest parade in the United States,[9] [10] [11] [12] [13] whose focus is on celebrating youth, education, and African-American life. The parade is also cited as the "back-to-school" celebration, marking the end of summer vacation and resuming of school for Chicago's youth.[14] [15] [16]

History

Bud Billiken is a fictional character created in 1923 by Abbott, who had been considering adding a youth section to the Chicago Defender newspaper. While dining at a Chinese restaurant he noticed a Billiken. Some of the early Billiken columns were written by Willard Motley, who later became a prominent novelist. During the early 1930s, names of international youth were listed in the "Bud Billiken" section of the newspaper every week. Between 1930 and 1934, approximately 10,000 names appeared and were archived in the Carter G. Woodson Regional Library of the Chicago Public Library.[17]

During the Great Depression, Abbott featured the Bud Billiken character in his newspaper as a symbol of pride, happiness and hope for black residents.[18] The character gained prominence in a comic strip and the Chicago Defender newspaper.[18] Although the character was created in 1923, the parade did not begin until 1929, when David Kellum initiated it as a celebration of the "unity in diversity for the children of Chicago". It has since grown to become a locally televised event and the second largest parade in the nation.[17]

The parade, which began on August 11, 1929,[19] now includes politicians, beauty queens, celebrities, musical performers, and dozens of marching, tumbling and dancing groups.[18] It has grown from a locally sponsored event to one with major corporate presence and is seen as a signal of the impending end of summer and beginning of the new school year.[18] As such the parade sponsors raise money for college scholarships for local youth.[18] The parade route has changed over the years. The original route was along Michigan Avenue beginning at 31st Street, then turned east into Washington Park. Complaints for north–south traffic flow caused rerouting the parade route to South Parkway (now named Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Drive), which runs directly into the park. At various times, street repairs have necessitated use of the Michigan route, but the current route is now the King Drive route.[19] Freeman Gosden and Charles Correll of Amos 'n' Andy were the first guests in the first parade. Robert S. Abbott led the first parade in his Rolls-Royce. Dr. Marjorie Stewart Joyner, president of the Chicago Defender Charities, Inc., organized the parade for over 50 years. Numerous high-profile celebrities and dignitaries have attended the parade over the years, including U.S. President Harry S. Truman,[20] Michael Jordan, Barack Obama, Joe Louis, Muhammad Ali, Duke Ellington, Adelaide Hall,[21] Oprah Winfrey, Aretha Franklin, Diana Ross, Lena Horne, James Brown, Ethel Waters, Cab Calloway, Paul Robeson, Chaka Khan and Billie Holiday. Truman rode alongside John H. Sengstacke, who was Abbott's nephew and took over the Chicago Defender in 1948, and Mayor Richard J. Daley in the 1956 Parade.[22] Recent parades have featured popular musical acts as concert performers at the post-parade picnic. In 2006, approximately 26 million people saw the parade, including 25 million television viewers and 1.2 million attendees.[23] The 2006 parade included 74,000 participants and 160 floats and vehicles. The 2008 parade was dedicated to actor and comedian Bernie Mac (star of The Bernie Mac Show)[24] and a native of Chicago; he died an hour before the start of the parade. In 1993, a request by a black LGBT group to participate in the parade was declined by the organizers. Following legal action and the involvement of Lambda Legal, the Ad Hoc Committee of Proud Black Lesbians and Gays was allowed to participate in the parade the following year.[25] [26] The 2020 parade, marking its 91st year, saw the first-ever cancellation, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A "scaled down" event was held in 2021.[27]

Parade

The parade has categorized contests for participants such as best float, and best marching band.[28] It takes place in Chicago's Bronzeville neighborhood, starting at 35th Street[29] and Dr. Martin Luther King Drive at the southern border of the Douglas community area, south of the landmark Victory Monument. It continues south to 55th Street in Washington Park. This route covers approximately 2miles. This route takes the parade through the Grand Boulevard and Washington Park community areas.

Grand Marshal

A notable person or persons are invited each year to serve as Grand Marshal, often featuring politicians, musicians, or entertainers. Chicago native Chance the Rapper served as the Grand Marshal for the 88th annual parade in 2017. Chicago native and singer Chaka Khan served as the Grand Marshal at the 2014 parade.[30] Rapper T.I. served as Grand Marshal for the 83rd annual parade in 2012.[31]

Theme

Bud Billiken Parade is themed every year by the parade committee. The tradition began in 1940 when the parade organizers themed the parade "Americanism" to demonstrate patriotism in the US within the African-American community.[32] Other themes over the years:

Broadcast

The parade has been televised for over 40 years, beginning in 1978 on WGN-TV; which broadcast the parade until 2012. WCIU-TV covered the parade beginning in 2012 after it was canceled from WGN-TV but later canceled it in 2014.[78] WLS-TV has been broadcasting the parade since 1984. The 89th Annual Parade took place on August 11, 2018.[79] BET and Centric premiered the parade on their networks in 2012.[80] On August 8, 2020, WLS-TV aired a television special for the 91st Annual Bud Billiken Parade in place of the 2020 parade which was canceled due to COVID-19 concerns.[81] [82] [83] [84]

After Parade Activities

The parade begins at 10 A.M. After the parade, visitors are welcomed to stay in Washington Park for the "after-parade-activities". The "after-parade-activities" has various festivities and vendor booths.[85] The post–parade festivities often include a concert. The 2006 parade featured Yung Joc,[86] and the 2007 parade featured Pretty Ricky.[87] However, it seems neither "after-parade-activities" included a concert.

Notable events

2003 concert

The 2003 parade featured B2K.[19] [88] The concert was free with virtually unlimited space in the park for viewing. However, the crowd became unruly causing the concert to be curtailed. Over 40 attendees were taken to hospitals as a result of injuries in the violence, including two teenagers who were shot.[89]

2007 parade

At the 78th annual parade in 2007, then–U.S. Senator Barack Obama served as the Grand Marshal for the second year in a row.[90] Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley attended, and march participants included U.S. Senator Dick Durbin, Lieutenant Governor of Illinois Pat Quinn and the Rev. Al Sharpton.[91] One float represented the Chicago 2016 Committee and included past Chicago Olympians Bob Pickens, Willie May, Diane Simpson-Bundy and Kenny Johnson as well as the son of Danell Nicholson. The Chicago Bulls' mascot made a guest appearance.[92]

Restructuring

The Chicago Defender Charities underwent a major restructuring in 2017. Myiti Sengstacke–Rice is Board President of the Chicago Defender Charities and Bud Billiken Parade Chair. Sengstacke–Rice is the great-grandniece of Robert Sengstacke Abbott, granddaughter of John Herman Henry Sengstacke, founder of the Chicago Defender Charities and daughter of the late famed photojournalist, Robert Abbott Sengstacke.

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Bud Billiken Parade 2017 - If you go... . Chicago Tribune. August 11, 2017. Chicago Tribune .
  2. https://books.google.com/books?id=eV45DQAAQBAJ&dq=bud+billiken+parade&pg=PT180 Encyclopedia of African American Society, Volume 1 - Bud Billiken Day Parade - By Gerald D. Jaynes
  3. Book: Semmes, C.. The Regal Theater and Black Culture. 2006-04-02. Springer. 9781403983305. en.
  4. Bud Billiken Parade 2024: Chicago back-to-school tradition celebrates '95 Years of Legacy'. ABC7 Chicago Digital Team. August 10, 2024. https://abc7chicago.com/post/bud-billiken-parade-2024-chicago-back-school-tradition-celebrating-95-years-legacy/15168559/#:~:text=The%20theme%20for%20this%20year,Bud%20Billiken%20Parade%20grand%20marshal.
  5. Jerald Walker, "Dreams From My Father," Mother Jones, January/February 2009, p. 53
  6. Web site: Bud Billiken Parade Brings Best of Chicago Together. August 12, 2017 . WGN 9 Chicago . WGN . August 19, 2017.
  7. Web site: David Kellum, The Legendary "Bud Billiken" died in Rush. March 21, 1981 . UPI . August 19, 2017.
  8. Web site: Bud Billiken Parade History: How It All Got Started . August 5, 2008 . Chicago Defender . August 19, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180909112049/https://chicagodefender.com/2008/08/05/bud-billiken-parade-history-how-it-all-got-started/ . September 9, 2018 . dead .
  9. Web site: Broadcast of The Bud Billiken Parade. August 7, 2015. ABC 7 Chicago . ABC Inc., WLS-TV Chicago . August 19, 2017 .
  10. Web site: Bud Billiken Pulls The Crowd . August 9, 2015 . Chicago Defender . August 19, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180909073745/https://chicagodefender.com/2015/08/09/bud-billiken-pulls-the-crowd/ . September 9, 2018 . dead .
  11. Web site: ABC 7 Chicago Presents Live Broadcast Of The Bud Billiken Parade. August 14, 2007. 2006. ABC Inc., WLS-TV Chicago.
  12. Web site: Bud Billiken Parade. 2007 . City of Chicago . August 19, 2017.
  13. Web site: Historic Events/Bud Billiken Parade . Aaregistry . August 20, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170816041137/http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/bud-billiken-parade-brings-folk-out . August 16, 2017 . dead . mdy-all .
  14. Web site: The Bud Billiken Parade was a joyous back-to-school celebration. August 13, 2017 . TimeOut . August 20, 2017 .
  15. Web site: Billiken Parade Celebrates Youth, Education . August 11, 2012 . ABC 7 Chicago . August 20, 2017 .
  16. Web site: Scott . Eugene F. . From the Colonel . Bud Billiken Parade . August 28, 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140727053724/http://www.budbillikenparade.org/from-the-colonel . July 27, 2014 . mdy-all .
  17. Web site: Bud Billiken Parade. July 4, 2007. 8th Infantry Illinois National Guard Association.
  18. News: What's In A Name? More Than A Parade. July 4, 2007. Pierre, Robert E.. Jesse Jackson, Jr. for Congress. The Washington Post. August 12, 2002. https://web.archive.org/web/20070928040651/http://www.jessejacksonjr.org/issues/i0812025939.html . September 28, 2007. dead.
  19. Web site: Bud Billiken: 78th Annual Parade and Picnic (Parade history). September 17, 2007. 2007. Chicago Defender Charities, Inc.. https://web.archive.org/web/20070917081357/http://budbillikenparade.com/history.htm . September 17, 2007. dead.
  20. Web site: Truman Leads Bud Billiken Day Marchers. August 12, 1956 . Chicago Tribune . August 19, 2017 .
  21. Book: Ganz, Cheryl. The 1933 Chicago World's Fair : a century of progress. January 6, 2012. 978-0-252-07852-1. First Illinois paperback. Urbana. 870891286.
  22. News: Historical Trove, Freed From Storage, Gets a Home. September 23, 2009. May 26, 2009. The New York Times. Johnson, Dirk. A12.
  23. Web site: Bud Billiken: 78th Annual Parade and Picnic (Parade facts) . July 4, 2007. 2007. Chicago Defender Charities, Inc.. https://web.archive.org/web/20060822035758/http://budbillikenparade.com/facts.htm . August 22, 2006.
  24. Web site: Actor And Comedian Bernie Mac Dies At Age 50. Le Mignot. Suzanne. Suzanne Le Mignot . August 9, 2008. CBS2Chicago. August 10, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080822134830/http://cbs2chicago.com/local/bernie.mac.dead.2.791473.html . August 22, 2008.
  25. Book: Tracy Baim. Out and Proud in Chicago: An Overview of the City's Gay Community. September 1, 2008. Surrey Books. 978-1-57284-100-0. 188.
  26. Book: Ball. Carlos A.. From the Closet to the Courtroom: Five LGBT Rights Lawsuits that Have Changed Our Nation. 2010. Beacon Press. Boston, Mass. 9780807001530. 79.
  27. News: Yin . Alice . After 2020 cancellation, scaled-down Bud Billiken Parade returns to South Side for 92nd year: 'It's tradition' . December 18, 2021 . chicagotribune.com . Tribune Publishing . August 14, 2021.
  28. Web site: Bud Billiken 78th Annual Parade and Picnic (Best of Parade). September 24, 2007. Chicago Defender Charities, Inc.. https://web.archive.org/web/20080104120224/http://budbillikenparade.com/bestof.htm . January 4, 2008. dead.
  29. Web site: (Chicago, Illinois) Things To Do - Bud Billiken Parade. July 29, 2015 . TimeOut . August 3, 2015 .
  30. Web site: Bud Billiken Parade 'Like A Big Homecoming' To Grand Marshal Chaka Khan . August 9, 2014 . CBS Chicago . November 26, 2014.
  31. Web site: From Grand Hustle to Grand Marshal: T.I. Takes Chicago. Gibbs. Adrienne Samuels. 2016-07-22. EBONY. en-US. 2019-06-12.
  32. Book: Bud Billiken Parade. 1979. History of Black Chicago . 9781109062014. November 7, 2012.
  33. https://www.newspapers.com/image/895110945/?match=1 The Daily Bulletin, Parade To Honor Returning GI's In Chicago, August 7, 1945
  34. https://www.newspapers.com/image/372372135/?terms=Bud%2BBilliken%2BParade%2Btheme Chicago Tribune, Billiken Club Will Hold 20th Annual Parade, July 13, 1949
  35. https://www.newspapers.com/image/369997382/?terms=Bud%2BBilliken%2BParade%2Btheme Chicago Tribune, Youth to Tell It's Achievement On Billiken Day, July 22, 1951
  36. https://www.newspapers.com/image/872002411/?match=1 The Black Dispatch, Billiken Parade-Picnic to Observe 25th Anniversary, July 17, 1954
  37. https://www.newspapers.com/image/389974611/?terms=Bud%2BBilliken%2BParade%2Btheme Chicago Tribune, 600,000 View Billiken Parade, August 10, 1958
  38. https://www.newspapers.com/image/370597983/?terms=Bud%2BBilliken%2BParade%2Btheme Chicago Tribune, Bud Billiken Parade Set For Saturday, July 30, 1959
  39. https://www.newspapers.com/image/374718243/?match=1 Chicago Tribune, Billiken Parade Star: World Champ, August 6, 1960
  40. https://www.newspapers.com/image/246899809/?terms=Bud%2BBilliken%2BParade%2Btheme Palladium-Item, 400,000 Negros See Chicago Parade In Honor Of Mythical Bud Billiken, August 13, 1967
  41. https://www.newspapers.com/image/376650111/?terms=Bud%2BBilliken%2BParade%2Btheme Chicago Tribune, Parade Honoring Bud Billiken Viewed By 300,000 on S. Side, August 11, 1968
  42. https://www.newspapers.com/image/376854977/?terms=Bud%2BBilliken%2BParade%2Btheme Chicago Tribune, Black 'Saint' To Celebrate Birthday, August 2, 1970
  43. https://www.newspapers.com/image/376903725/?terms=Bud%2BBilliken%2BParade%2Btheme Chicago Tribune, Bud Billiken Parade Set For Saturday, August 6, 1970
  44. https://www.newspapers.com/image/196402686/?terms=Bud%2BBilliken%2BParade%2BTheme Chicago Tribune, 42nd Annual Bud Billiken Parade To Be Held, August 12, 1971
  45. https://www.newspapers.com/image/386700044/?terms=Bud%20Billiken%20Parade&match=10 Chicago Tribune, 48th Annual Bud Billiken Set for Saturday, August 11, 1977
  46. https://www.newspapers.com/image/202416945/?terms=Bud%2BBilliken%2BParade%2Btheme Chicago Tribune, Bud Billiken Parade Ready To Step Off For 55th Time, August 10, 1984
  47. https://www.newspapers.com/image/588513156/?terms=Bud%2BBilliken%2BParade%2Btheme The Lake Geneva Regional News, August 6, 1987
  48. https://www.newspapers.com/image/333186982/?terms=Bud%2BBilliken%2BParade%2Btheme Vidette-Messenger of Porter County, August 13, 1988
  49. https://www.newspapers.com/image/389232540/?terms=Bud%2BBilliken%2BParade%2Btheme Chicago Tribune, Bud's salute to the children, August 11, 1989
  50. https://www.newspapers.com/image/389500857/?terms=Bud%2BBilliken%2BParade%2Btheme Chicago Tribune, August 4, 1991
  51. https://www.newspapers.com/image/389733524/?terms=Bud%2BBilliken%2BParade%2Btheme Chicago Tribune, August 2, 1992
  52. Web site: Year's Parade African-American Route . Martinez. Michael. August 13, 1993 . Chicago Tribune . November 7, 2012 .
  53. https://www.newspapers.com/image/170613408/?terms=Bud%2BBilliken%2BParade%2Btheme Chicago Tribune, August 12, 1994
  54. Web site: A Million Chicagoans Can't Be Wrong, It's Bud Billiken Parade Time Again . Morales . Carlos. August 6, 1995 . Chicago Tribune . November 7, 2012.
  55. Web site: African-American Kids Massive Picnic . Johnson . Allan . August 10, 1996 . Chicago Tribune . November 7, 2012 .
  56. Web site: King And Queen Of Bud Billiken Parade Get Royal Treatment . Ilo . Merita . August 9, 1997 . Chicago Tribune . November 7, 2012 .
  57. Web site: Big Business To Join Billiken Parade . Suparno . Riyadi. August 13, 1999 . Chicago Tribune . November 7, 2012 .
  58. https://www.newspapers.com/image/170524557/?terms=Bud%2BBilliken%2BParade%2Btheme Chicago Tribune, Celebrate The 71st Annual Bud Billiken Parade And Picnic, August 11, 2000
  59. Web site: Bud Billiken parade ready to roll today/ 'We Are Family' theme will be used to promote going back to school . https://web.archive.org/web/20160117052643/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4605896.html . dead . January 17, 2016 . Warner . Brenda . August 11, 2001 . Chicago Tribune . November 7, 2012 .
  60. Web site: Bud Billiken Day Parade . Robinson . Regina . August 13, 2004 . Chicago Tribune .
  61. Web site: Bud Billiken Parade: 2009 . Chicago.About . November 8, 2012 . January 16, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130116162414/http://chicago.about.com/od/parades/p/BudBillikenParade.htm . dead .
  62. Web site: '2010 Bud Billiken Parade . July 26, 2010 . Chicago Radio & Media . November 8, 2012 .
  63. Web site: '2011 Bud Billiken Parade. July 28, 2011 . Chicago Radio & Media . November 8, 2012 .
  64. Web site: '2012 Bud Billiken Parade . July 22, 2012 . Chicago Radio & Media . November 8, 2012 .
  65. http://sponsorchicago.com/Bud-Billiken/index.html Sponsor Chicago: Bud Billiken Parade
  66. Web site: 85th Annual Bud Billiken Day Parade . August 7, 2014 . ABC 7 Chicago . August 18, 2017 .
  67. Web site: BROADCAST OF THE BUD BILLIKEN DAY PARADE . August 4, 2015 . ABC 7 Chicago . August 18, 2017 .
  68. Web site: BUD BILLIKEN PARADE 2016 . August 10, 2016 . ABC 7 Chicago . August 18, 2017 .
  69. Web site: Chicago Defender - The 88th Annual Bud Billiken Parade Celebrates Generations - August 9, 2017 . August 14, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170814100735/https://chicagodefender.com/2017/08/09/the-88th-annual-bud-billiken-parade-celebrates-generations/ . August 14, 2017 . dead .
  70. http://hpherald.com/2017/08/08/88th-annual-bud-billiken-parade-returns-saturday/ Hyde Park Herald - 88th Annual Bud Billiken Parade Returns Saturday - August 8, 2017
  71. Web site: Edwards . Lee . Bud Billiken Parade Kicks Off At 10 AM Saturday; Rapper Vic Mensa And Actor Deon Cole Are Grand Marshals . August 10, 2018 . Block Club Chicago . 13 August 2018.
  72. News: Bud Billiken Parade celebrates 90 years this weekend . Fazio . Marie . August 9, 2019 . Chicago Tribune . 2019-08-11.
  73. https://abc7chicago.com/society/looking-back-on-the-history-of-the-bud-billiken-parade-/5151831/?ex_cid=wlsspddsa ABC 7 Chicago, BLACK HISTORY MONTH: Looking back on the history of the Bud Billiken Parade, By Cheryl Burton and Marissa N. Isang, Friday, February 22, 2019
  74. https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-bud-billiken-parade-2021-map-guide-20210812-442m7qetfzd3fgthbdnb5jicta-story.html#:~:text=%E2%80%9CThe%20Bud%E2%80%9D%20is%20back.,and%20Back%20to%20Bud%20Billiken.%E2%80%9D Chicago Tribune, Bud Billiken Parade 2021: A modified route and free COVID-19 vaccinations are new additions to the 92-year-old Chicago tradition, August 12, 2021
  75. https://www.chicagotribune.com/people/ct-93rd-annual-bud-billiken-parade-0804-20220803-xz35iwd2p5fenjbopzmdjvd7ty-story.html Chicago Tribune, As healing from the Highland Park parade shootings continues, the 93rd annual Bud Billiken Parade is set to launch Aug. 13., August 3, 2022
  76. Web site: Bud Billiken Parade 2023: Oldest African-American parade in US steps off Saturday . August 12, 2023 . ABC 7 Chicago . August 13, 2023 .
  77. Bud Billiken Parade 2024: Chicago back-to-school tradition celebrates '95 Years of Legacy'. ABC7 Chicago Digital Team. August 10, 2024. https://abc7chicago.com/post/bud-billiken-parade-2024-chicago-back-school-tradition-celebrating-95-years-legacy/15168559/#:~:text=The%20theme%20for%20this%20year,Bud%20Billiken%20Parade%20grand%20marshal.
  78. Web site: WGN-TV drops Bud Billiken parade. August 8, 2012 . TDog Media . August 20, 2016.
  79. Web site: ABC7's broadcast of the Bud Billiken Parade. August 11, 2015. August 7, 2015. WLS-TV.
  80. Web site: Bud Billiken Parade Premiere. September 7, 2012. BET.COM . August 1, 2013 .
  81. https://chicago.suntimes.com/entertainment-and-culture/2020/6/29/21307059/bud-billiken-parade-canceled-chicago-covid-19-pandemic Bud Billiken parade canceled for first time in 91-year history, The largest African American parade in the United States, this year’s event was set for Aug. 8. A one-hour television special will be broadcast on that date to celebrate the history and spirit of the annual tradition., By Miriam Di Nunzio and Evan F. Moore Updated Jun 29, 2020, 7:14pm CDT
  82. https://chicago.cbslocal.com/video/4609035-2020-bud-billiken-parade-a-back-to-school-tradition-in-chicago-canceled/ 2020 CBS 2 Chicago, Bud Billiken Parade, A Back-To-School Tradition In Chicago, Canceled, June 30, 2020
  83. https://www.nwitimes.com/news/bud-billiken-parade-a-longtime-chicago-tradition-cancelled/article_a69aea9c-ea09-57c7-b304-399a2fea9e69.html URGENT, Bud Billiken Parade, a longtime Chicago tradition, canceled, Associated Press Jun 30, 2020, Updated Jul 1, 2020
  84. https://abc7chicago.com/bud-billiken-parade-abc-7-chicago-defender-charities-2020/6344678/ COMMUNITY & EVENTS, ABC 7 Chicago presents Bud Billiken: Celebrating 91 years special, Mayor Lightfoot, Chance the Rapper to give celebrity shout outs, By ABC 7 Chicago Digital Team, Friday, July 31, 2020 6:53AM
  85. Web site: Bud Billiken Parade. September 17, 2007. 2007. University of Chicago Medical Center.
  86. Web site: 77th Annual Bud Billiken Parade. September 17, 2007. 2007. UnRated.
  87. Web site: Tha Pope & Pretty Ricky . September 17, 2007 . YouTube, LLC . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20151215101553/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TG5ZxhZgO88 . December 15, 2015 .
  88. Web site: B2K to perform at Billiken Parade. Tribune. Chicago. chicagotribune.com. August 8, 2003 . en-US. 2019-06-12.
  89. Web site: Concert chaos raises questions of crowd safety. September 17, 2007. August 11, 2003. ABC Inc., WLS-TV Chicago. Hope, Leah. https://web.archive.org/web/20110521100454/http://abclocal.go.com/wls/story?section=News&id=434231. May 21, 2011. dead.
  90. Book: Jet. 2006-08-28. Johnson Publishing Company. en.
  91. Web site: Bud Billiken Parade Draws Nearly 1 Million People. August 14, 2007. August 11, 2007. CBS Broadcasting. Martinez, Mai . https://web.archive.org/web/20070927232022/http://cbs2chicago.com/local/local_story_223065911.html . September 27, 2007. etal.
  92. Web site: Bud Billiken parade floats Olympic dreams. September 21, 2007. August 11, 2007. Topix LLC. Chicago Tribune. Kishter, Lindsay.

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