| Bucklands Beach | |
| Caption1: | Aerial view looking along the Bucklands Beach peninsula |
| City1: | Auckland |
| Council: | Auckland Council |
| Board: | Howick Local Board |
| Ward: | Howick ward |
| Coordinates: | -36.8689°N 174.9062°W |
| Area: | 308 |
Bucklands Beach is a suburb east of Auckland's CBD in New Zealand. The suburb is in the Howick ward, one of the thirteen administrative divisions of Auckland Council.
Bucklands Beach is located on the western side of a peninsula between the Tāmaki River and the Tāmaki Strait of the Hauraki Gulf.[1] At the peninsula's northernmost point, Musick Point / Te Naupata juts into the gulf.[2] The beach itself is located on the western side of the peninsula,[3] which looks out towards Tahuna Torea, a sandspit on the western banks of the Tāmaki River.[4]
The Bucklands Beach area is part of the rohe of Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki, who descend from the crew of the Tainui migratory waka, who visited the area around the year 1300.[5] The mouth of the Tāmaki River was traditionally known as Te Wai ō Tāiki ("The Waters of Tāiki"), named after the Ngāi Tai ancestor Tāiki. Tāiki settled with his followers along the eastern shores of the Tāmaki River, alongside the descendants of Huiārangi of the early iwi Te Tini ō Maruiwi.[6] The traditional name for Bucklands Beach is Te Kōmiti, and the area was strategically important as it was close to both the Tāmaki Strait and the route towards Te Tō Waka, the portage at Ōtāhuhu where waka could easily cross into the Manukau Harbour.[5] Te Kōmiti was a site where Tāmaki Māori constructed stone adzes, using greywacke boulders from Motutapu Island. The wider area was rich in food resources, and the eastern coast of the Tāmaki River was widely cultivated.
In approximately the first half of the 18th century, Ngāriki, a rangatira of Ngāi Tai, built a fortified pā at Te Naupata (Musick Point), the headland at the end of the peninsula, called Te Waiārohia (a shortening of Te Waiārohia ō Ngāriki). The name refers to the panoramic views the pā commanded of the area.[6] Ngāriki and the people of Te Waiārohia often came into conflict with Ngaromania, a rangarita who settled at Te Pupū ō Kawau on the western shores of the Tāmaki River who demanded heavy tolls to those who passed by.[6] From the 1790s, Te Rangitāwhia was the paramount chief of Ngāi Tai, whose principal residences were at Waiārohia and to the south at Ōhuiarangi / Pigeon Mountain.[6]
During the Musket Wars in the 1820s, Te Waiārohia and the Bucklands Beach area were evacuated, and the lands became tapu to Ngāi Tai due to the events of the conflict.[7] [8] Most members of Ngāi Tai fled to the Waikato for temporary refuge during this time, and when English missionary William Thomas Fairburn visited the area in 1833, it was mostly unoccupied.[9]
In 1836, William Thomas Fairburn brokered a land sale between Tāmaki Māori chiefs covering the majority of modern-day South Auckland, East Auckland and the Pōhutukawa Coast.[10] The sale was envisioned as a way to end hostilities in the area, but it is unclear what the chiefs understood or consented to. Māori continued to live in the area, unchanged by this sale.[11] In 1854 when Fairburn's purchase was investigated by the New Zealand Land Commission, a Ngāi Tai reserve was created around the Wairoa River and Umupuia areas, and as a part of the agreement, members of Ngāi Tai agreed to leave their traditional settlements to the west.[12] [9]
In 1847, Howick was established as a defensive outpost for Auckland, by fencibles (retired British Army soldiers) and their families. In 1851, William Mason bought a 320 acre plot from Fairburn at the modern-day site of Bucklands Beach, where he established a farm, growing oats, wheat and tending goats. Mason built a two-stored homestead above the beach, which was demolished in the 1950s. At the time, the area was known as the Tamaki Landing, and it was one of the major transport routes for the isolated fencible settlement was the ferry, which connected Bucklands Beach to Panmure and Point England several times per week.[13] In 1861, Mason sold his farm to Alfred Buckland, one of the largest agriculturalists in Auckland. The Bucklands family used to spend holidays at the beach, and in 1865 constructed a wharf for cattle and sheep.[13] From the 1860s until 1879, Little Bucklands Beach to the south became the site of John Granger's brickworks.
In the 1910s, Bucklands Beach became a popular holidaying destination for Aucklanders. The Buckland farm was subdivided into the Tamaki Estate in 1916,[14] and the Devonport Steamship Company constructed a second wharf at Bucklands Beach for passenger services to reach the beach and new settlement. The first post office for Bucklands Beach opened in 1921,[15] and in 1923 the neighbouring suburb Eastern Beach was subdivided.[16]
During World War II, the Bucklands Beach Home Guard was established, who met weekly for military training exercises at Ōhuiarangi / Pigeon Mountain. In 1942, an air traffic communication centre was established at Musick Point. The centre facilitated most of the long range radio transmissions for Auckland, communicating with ships and aircraft, and was used by American naval forces. In May 1949 the Manukau County Council changed the suburb's name from Buckland's Beach to Bucklands Beach.
The area remained primarily a holidaying destination until the 1950s. After the establishment of Howick as a borough in 1952, the Howick and Bucklands Beach areas rapidly developed.[17] In 1954, the Cockle Bay golf course was moved to Musick Point,[18] [19] and in 1956, the Buckland and Easter Beaches War Memorial Community Centre was opened.
Bucklands Beach covers 3.08km2[20] and had an estimated population of as of with a population density of people per km2.
Bucklands Beach had a population of 9,042 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 225 people (2.6%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 444 people (5.2%) since the 2006 census. There were 2,919 households, comprising 4,446 males and 4,593 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.97 males per female, with 1,662 people (18.4%) aged under 15 years, 1,812 (20.0%) aged 15 to 29, 4,317 (47.7%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,257 (13.9%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 51.1% European/Pākehā, 3.3% Māori, 2.2% Pacific peoples, 45.3% Asian, and 3.3% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 55.2, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 48.2% had no religion, 35.3% were Christian, 0.1% had Māori religious beliefs, 2.6% were Hindu, 2.1% were Muslim, 3.2% were Buddhist and 3.1% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 2,385 (32.3%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 756 (10.2%) people had no formal qualifications. 1,599 people (21.7%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 3,489 (47.3%) people were employed full-time, 1,119 (15.2%) were part-time, and 252 (3.4%) were unemployed.
| Name | Area (km2) | Population | Density (per km2) | Households ! | Median age | Median income | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bucklands Beach North | 1.38 | 3,000 | 2,174 | 1,023 | 44.3 years | $39,000 | |
| Bucklands Beach Central | 0.58 | 1,848 | 3,186 | 609 | 43.1 years | $32,900 | |
| Bucklands Beach South | 1.12 | 4,194 | 3,745 | 1,287 | 37.4 years | $29,600 | |
| New Zealand | 37.4 years | $31,800 |
Bucklands Beach Primary School was the first school established in the area, in 1955.[28] Bucklands Beach Primary School, Macleans Primary School, and Pigeon Mountain School are contributing primary schools (years 1–6) with rolls of, and students, respectively.
Bucklands Beach Intermediate School opened in 1976,[29] and is an intermediate school (years 7–8) with a roll of . Macleans College is a secondary school (years 9–13) with a roll of students, that was established in 1980.[30] All these schools are coeducational. Rolls are as of
In 1980, Waimokoia School, a school for children with social and behavioural difficulties, was opened in Bucklands Beach, replacing the former Mt Wellington Residential School.[31] The school was closed in 2010 after allegations of mistreatment of students.[32]