Francis Trevelyan Buckland (17 December 1826 – 19 December 1880), better known as Frank Buckland, was an English surgeon, zoologist, natural historian, prolific writer, campaigner against river pollution, and researcher on fish-culture and fish farming.
The Buckland Foundation is a charity endowed from Buckland's estate.[1] It funds a 'Buckland Professor' each year to give public talks throughout the United Kingdom and Ireland on matters of current concern in the commercial fisheries or aquaculture industry, as well as acting as custodian for the 'Buckland Collection'.[2]
Frank and his father William Buckland, were determined to do all that they could to improve the diet of the poor. Frank was especially impressed by the potential of the lightly-exploited fisheries of the Victorian era to supply cheap and nutritious food. He was among the first naturalists to realise that making the most of the resources of the sea would require a comprehensive understanding of the biology of the main commercial species and of the world that they inhabited.
Frank was made 'Fish Culturist to the Queen' in 1865. He was appointed as one of two Inspectors of Salmon Fisheries in the Home Office in 1867.[3] He took part in four Commissions of Inquiry into the sea fisheries of England, Wales and Scotland and in doing so also covered white fish, herring and shellfish. The 1878 Commission required Buckland to investigate whether beam trawlers caused wasteful destruction of spawn and as a result were leading to a decline in the supply of fish.[4] One of the recommendations was that "Inspectors should be required to collect statistical and other information and use this to report annually to Parliament on the condition of fisheries", thereby instigating the first systematic fisheries data collection in the United Kingdom.[5]
Buckland founded a Museum of Economic Fish Culture in South Kensington in 1865. This aimed to inform the public about the fish of the British Isles and their fisheries, and he continued to work on this for the rest of his life. The remaining contents of Buckland's collection are now held by the Scottish Fisheries Museum in Anstruther. These include 45 plaster casts, some of which were hand-painted by the noted garden designer and artist Gertrude Jekyll, and an 1882 marble bust of Buckland by John Warrington Wood.[6] The Scottish Fisheries Museum is also the registered office of the Buckland Foundation.
Two of Buckland's particular enthusiasms were public aquaria and fisheries exhibitions.[7] In 1866 Buckland attended fisheries exhibitions in Arcachon and in Boulogne-Sur-Mer (France) and was awarded medals for his exhibits. Two further exhibitions were held in the Netherlands in 1867 and Buckland was awarded a Diploma of Honour for his contribution. He endeavoured to arouse interest in one being held in Britain but was not successful in this aim until 1881 (after his death), when a 'National Fisheries Exhibition' was held in the city of Norwich.[8]
Buckland Professors are appointed annually by a board of trustees. A complete list of Buckland Professors and their lecture subjects is provided below.
Source: Buckland Foundation
| Buckland Professor | Year | Lecture subject | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walter Garstang | align=center | 1930 | Frank Buckland's Life and Work | |
| W.L.Calderwood | align=center | 1931 | Salmon Hatching and Salmon Migrations | |
| H Wood | align=center | 1932 | The Natural History of the Herring in Scottish Waters | |
| W.C.Hodgson | align=center | 1933 | The Natural History of the Herring in the Southern North Sea | |
| C.F Hickling | align=center | 1934 | The Hake and the Hake Fishery | |
| J.H.Orton | align=center | 1935 | Oyster Biology and Oyster Culture | |
| E.Ford | align=center | 1936 | The Nation's Fish Supply | |
| T.E.Pryce Tarrant | align=center | 1937 | Fish Passes | |
| J.B.Tait | align=center | 1938 | Hydrography in Relation to Fisheries | |
| Michael Graham | align=center | 1939 | Rational Fishing of the Cod in the North Sea | |
| W.J.Menzies | align=center | 1947 | The Stock of Salmon, its Migrations, Preservation and Improvement | |
| G.T.Atkinson | align=center | 1948 | Sea Fisheries | |
| R.S.Wimpenny | align=center | 1949 | The Plaice | |
| H.D.Turing | align=center | 1950 | River Pollution | |
| J.R.Lumby | align=center | 1951 | Fishery Hydrography | |
| F.T.K.Pentalow | align=center | 1952 | River Purification | |
| A.E.J.Went | align=center | 1953 | Irish Salmon and Salmon Fisheries | |
| H.A.Cole | align=center | 1954 | Inshore Fisheries | |
| B.B.Parrish | align=center | 1956 | The Haddock | |
| A.P.Orr | align=center | 1957 | Plankton (Published as the Fertile Sea) | |
| A.R.Bennett | align=center | 1958 | Lemon Sole | |
| R.Balls | align=center | 1959 | Fish Capture | |
| align=center | 1960 | Historical Background of International Organisations for Regulating Fisheries, their achievements so far, and prospects for the future | ||
| N.A.Mackintosh | align=center | 1961 | The Stocks of Whales | |
| M.E.Varley | align=center | 1963 | British Freshwater Fishes | |
| G.H.O.Burgess | align=center | 1964 | Developments in the Handling and Processing of Fish | |
| H.J.Thomas & A.C.Simpson | align=center | 1965 | The Lobster - its biology and fishery | |
| D.G Tucker | align=center | 1966 | Sonar in Fisheries - a forward look | |
| P.R.Walne | align=center | 1967 | The Artificial Cultivation of Shellfish | |
| A.J.Lee | align=center | 1969 | Ocean Currents and their Influence on Fisheries | |
| C.C.Hemmings | align=center | 1970 | Fish, Nets and Men - An Underwater Approach to Fisheries Research | |
| F.R Harden Jones | align=center | 1971 | Behaviour and the Fisheries | |
| K.A.Pyefinch | align=center | 1974 | Exploitation of the Salmon Stocks | |
| E.Edwards | align=center | 1977 | The Edible Crab and its Fishery | |
| J.J.Connell & R.Hardy | align=center | 1979 | Maximum Use of British Aquatic Food Resources | |
| J.Mason | align=center | 1980 | Scallop and Queen Fisheries in the British Isles | |
| A.Preston & P.C.Wood | align=center | 1981 | Marine Pollution and its Effect on Fisheries | |
| G.Eddie | align=center | 1982 | Engineering, Economics and Fisheries Management | |
| G.Buchan | align=center | 1983 | A Story of the Herring | |
| S.J.Lockwood | align=center | 1984 | Mackerel – its biology, assessment and the management of a fishery | |
| R.J.Roberts | align=center | 1985 | Aquaculture | |
| C.Chapman | align=center | 1987 | The Norway Lobster | |
| C.T.Macer | align=center | 1988 | North Sea Cod | |
| W.M.Shearer | align=center | 1989 | Atlantic Salmon | |
| R.Lloyd | align=center | 1990 | Pollution and Freshwater fisheries | |
| M.J.Holden | align=center | 1991 | The Common Fisheries Policy: Past, Present and Future | |
| R.Bailey | align=center | 1992 | Industrial Fisheries, Fish Stocks and Seabirds | |
| S.Gubbay | align=center | 1993 | Marine Protected Areas and Fisheries | |
| J.D.M.Gordon | align=center | 1994 | Deep-Sea Fisheries: a new resource? | |
| B.E.Spencer | align=center | 1995 | Bivalve Cultivation in the UK: structuring influences | |
| J.S.Gray | align=center | 1996 | Protecting the seas: using science for a better environment | |
| JP.Holligan | align=center | 1997 | Global Change in the Coastal Zone - implications for fisheries | |
| M.Angel | align=center | 1998 | The Deep Ocean: Use and Misuse | |
| C.Moriarty | align=center | 1999 | The European Eel | |
| D.Symes | align=center | 2000 | Integrated fisheries management – a challenge for the Common Fisheries Policy | |
| C.P.Reid | align=center | 2001 | Plankton and Fisheries | |
| R Ferro | align=center | 2002 | Fish Conservation and the design of fishing gear | |
| J Goodlad | align=center | 2003 | Fishing and Fish Farming - are they conflicting or complementary industries? | |
| J Addison | align=center | 2004 | Science and the management of the United Kingdom's Crab Fisheries | |
| J.Armstrong | align=center | 2005 | The conservation of Salmon habitat | |
| B Deas | align=center | 2006 | Regional Advisory Councils and the Future of Fisheries Policy | |
| W Turrell | align=center | 2007 | Climate change and Scottish Fisheries | |
| M.Beveridge | align=center | 2008 | Aquaculture, the Blue Revolution? | |
| D Righton | align=center | 2009 | Cod in the North Sea | |
| R Uglow | align=center | 2010 | Crustacean transport | |
| A Walker | align=center | 2011 | Variation amongst brown trout and sea trout (Salmo trutta L.) | |
| I.L. Boyd | align=center | 2012 | Future Approaches to Fisheries Science | |
| S. Holt | align=center | 2013 | Why Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY)? | |
| M.Windsor | align=center | 2014 | Managing migratory fish by international treaty: the strengths and weaknesses | |
| Colin Bannister | align=center | 2015 | Has EU fisheries management achieved stock recovery? | |
| Felicity Huntingford | align=center | 2016 | How smart are fish and why does this matter to fishers? | |
| Paul Hart | align=center | 2017 | Stewards of the Sea: Returning Power to Fishers | |
| Ronald Campbell | align=center | 2018 | The History of Salmon Management in the British Isles | |
| Lucy Hawkes | align=center | 2019 | Atlantic Bluefin Tuna: Superfish of the Oceans | |
| Steven Mackinson | align=center | 2021-22 | Resurrection: the fall and rise of industry participation in fisheries science. |