| Bube Bubi | |
| States: | Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Cameroon |
| Ethnicity: | Bubi, Wovea |
| Speakers: | 51,000 |
| Date: | 2011 |
| Ref: | e18 |
| Familycolor: | Niger-Congo |
| Fam2: | Atlantic–Congo |
| Fam3: | Volta-Congo |
| Fam4: | Benue–Congo |
| Fam5: | Bantoid |
| Fam6: | Southern Bantoid |
| Fam7: | Bantu |
| Fam8: | Mbam-Bube-Jarawan |
| Protoname: | Pre-Bube |
| Minority: | Equatorial Guinea |
| Iso3: | bvb |
| Lc1: | bbx |
| Ld1: | Bubia (Wovea) |
| Guthrie: | A.31, A.221 |
| Glotto: | bube1242 |
| Glottorefname: | Bube |
| Map: | Lenguas de Guinea Ecuatorial.png |
Bube, Bubi, Bohobé or Bube–Benga (Bobe, Bubi) is a Bantu language spoken by the Bubi, a Bantu people native to, and once the primary inhabitants of Bioko Island in Equatorial Guinea. The language was brought to Bioko from continental Africa more than three thousand years ago when the Bubi began settling on the island.[1]
It has around 50,000 speakers, with three variants: North, South and Central-East. It is noted for its tonal character and the divergence of words by gender. The language is also spoken by the Bubi native to Gabon and Cameroon.
The Bube language is divided into six different dialects that vary in the northern and southern regions of Bioko Island. For example, in the North, people speak Rebola and its variations: Basile, Banapa and Basupa. However, in the North-East, Bakake is spoken.
Bube is also spoken in a small area on the mainland closest to the island, where speakers are shifting to Wumboko.[2] This has been reported as "Bube", "Bubia" or "Wovea" (see Wovea people).
The first works on the Bube language were those of the Baptist missionary John Clarke, published in 1846 and 1848.[3] A later Bube-to-English primer was authored in 1875 by William Barleycorn, a colonial era Primitive Methodist missionary of Igbo and Fernandino descent, while he was serving in the Bubi village of Basupu. An official language dictionary and grammar guide was published by the ethnic Bubi scholar Justo Bolekia Boleká.
Other names and forms of the name include Bubé, eVoové, eBubée, Bhubhi, Bubi, Ibubi, Ibhubhi, Pove and Eviia.
Bube has 7 vowels that can be either short or long:
| Front | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | pronounced as /link/ (pronounced as /link/) | pronounced as /link/ (pronounced as /link/) | |
| Close-mid | pronounced as /link/ (pronounced as /link/) | pronounced as /link/ (pronounced as /link/) | |
| Open-mid | pronounced as /link/ (pronounced as /link/) | pronounced as /link/ (pronounced as /link/) | |
| Open | pronounced as /link/ (pronounced as /link/) | ||
The nasal vowels are allophones of respective oral vowels.
Bube has 29 consonants. Some of them are prenasalized:
| Labial | Dental/ Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | ||||||
| pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | ||||||
| Stop | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | |||
| pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | |||||
| pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | ||||||
| pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | ||||||
| Fricative | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | |||||
| pronounced as /ink/ | ||||||||
| pronounced as /ink/ | ||||||||
| Approximant | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | |||||
| Rhotic | pronounced as /ink/ | |||||||
The numbers one through ten in Bube are as follows:[4]
| Number | Northern Bube | Northwestern Bube | Southern Bube | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | buule | muule | ||
| 2 | eppa | memba | ||
| 3 | betta | metta | ||
| 4 | yeele | myeeme | ||
| 5 | betto | metto | ||
| 6 | ra'a 6 | metto na muule 5+1 | ||
| 7 | ra'a la buule 6+1 | metto na memba 5+2 | ||
| 8 | yeele ketoppa 4x2 | ra'a la eppa 6+2 | metto na metta 5+3 | |
| 9 | yeele ketoppa la buule 4x2+1 | baa buule ka yo 10-1 | metto na myeene 5+4 | |
| 10 | yo | myo | ||