Brukunga Explained

Type:town
Brukunga
State:sa
Coordinates:-35°N 138.95°W
Pushpin Label Position:top
Lga:District Council of Mount Barker
Postcode:5252
Est:1952
Stategov:Kavel
Fedgov:Mayo
Dist1:40
Dir1:east
Location1:Adelaide
Dist2:4
Dir2:north
Location2:Nairne

Brukunga is a small town in the Adelaide Hills, located approximately east of Adelaide and north of the town of Nairne.

History

Its name, derived from Barrukungga in the local Peramangk[1] or Kaurna language, means "place of fire stone"[2] or the "place of hidden fire", and is associated with the creator ancestor of the Kaurna people, Tjilbruke. Tjilbruke's body was said to have been transformed into the outcrop of iron pyrite at Barrukungga.[3] However the etymology is complex and uncertain. While Brukunga is on Peramangk traditional land, the word Barrukungga has both Kaurna and Ngarrindjeri language elements. Norman Tindale noted that "The natives were well aware of the use of iron pyrites along with flint for the striking of fire and the area near Nairne was one of the places from which they obtained supplies of iron pyrites".[4]

Between 1955 and 31 May 1972, iron sulphides (mainly as pyrite) was mined at the Nairne Pyrite Mine—later renamed as the Brukunga Mine—immediately west of the town, and transported to Port Adelaide for the production of sulphuric acid, used for manufacturing superphosphate fertiliser.[5] Oxidation of pyrite in waste dumps and the exposed quarry face led to formation of acid mine drainage containing high levels of cadmium and other heavy metals into the adjacent creek, triggering health warnings by the Environment Protection Agency in 1998.[6] Since 1980, rehabilitation of the mine site has occurred, including a lime neutralisation plant to treat acid water before it enters the Dawesley Creek,[7] but concerns over water quality remain.[8] Revegetation of the site has also progressively occurred since 1988.

Description

At the 2016 Australian census, Brukunga had a population of 433.

The town is the location of the Country Fire Service training centre and the Claremont Airbase which has been the main operating base for aerial firefighting since 2016.[9]

Notes and References

  1. Welcome-to-Peramangk-Country Booklet.pdf pg.3 https://www.mountbarker.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0030/1218819/Welcome-to-Peramangk-Country-Booklet.pdf
  2. http://www.placenames.sa.gov.au/pno/index.jsf SA State Gazetteer > Placenames online
  3. Web site: Arts and culture . City of Marion . 7 February 2018 . 19 November 2020.
  4. Web site: Schultz . Chester . Place Name Summary 6/23: Brukangga and Tindale’s uses of the word bruki . Adelaide Research & Scholarship . . 22 October 2018 . 16 November 2020 . 10 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210910191311/https://www.adelaide.edu.au/kwp/placenames/research-publ/6-23Brukangga.pdf . dead .
  5. http://www.imwa.info/docs/imwa_2005/IMWA2005_029_Armstrong.pdf Armstrong, D. & Cox, R. (2005): The Brukunga Pyrite Mine –South Australia A Review of Developments since Closure in 1972
  6. Keane, A. (1998): Health warnings over Hills creek water. The Advertiser, 1 August 1998.
  7. Web site: Brukunga Mine Site . 6 December 2011 . 13 November 2009 . DMITRE Minerals >...> Former Mines > Brukunga mine site .
  8. Milnes, M. (2012): Mine to stay toxic for years The Advertiser, 7 March 2012. Accessed 17 April 2012.
  9. News: Adelaide Hills gets new CFS air base at Brukunga to support firefighting . ABC News. Australia . 11 December 2016 . 20 November 2020.