Bruce Dern Explained

Bruce Dern
Birth Name:Bruce MacLeish Dern
Birth Date:4 June 1936
Birth Place:Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Occupation:Actor
Years Active:1960–present
Spouse:
    Children:2, including Laura Dern
    Relatives:

    Bruce MacLeish Dern (born June 4, 1936) is an American actor. He has received several accolades, including the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor[1] and the Silver Bear for Best Actor. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for Coming Home (1978) and the Academy Award for Best Actor for Nebraska (2013).[2] He is also a BAFTA Award, two-time Genie Award, and three-time Golden Globe Award nominee.

    A member of the Actors Studio, he rose to prominence during the New Hollywood era through roles in films such as The Trip (1967), They Shoot Horses, Don't They? (1969), The Incredible 2-Headed Transplant (1971), and The Cowboys (1972). Other notable films include The Laughing Policeman (1973), The Great Gatsby (1974), Posse (1975), Family Plot (1976), Black Sunday (1977), The Driver (1978), Tattoo (1981), That Championship Season (1982), The 'Burbs (1989), Last Man Standing (1996), Monster (2003), Down in the Valley (2005), Chappaquiddick (2017), and Emperor (2020). He played Frank Harlow in the HBO series Big Love (2006–2011).

    He is the father of actress Laura Dern.

    Early life

    Dern was born in Chicago on June 4, 1936, the son of Jean (née MacLeish; 1908–1972) and John Dern (1903–1958), a utility chief and attorney.[3] [4] [5] [6] He grew up in Kenilworth, Illinois.[7] His paternal grandfather, George Dern, was a Utah governor and Secretary of War (he was serving in the latter position during the time of Bruce's birth). Dern's maternal grandfather was a Vice President of the Carson, Pirie and Scott stores,[8] which were established by his own father, Scottish-born businessman Andrew MacLeish. Dern's maternal granduncle was poet Archibald MacLeish. His godfather was governor and two-time presidential nominee Adlai Stevenson II.[9] Dern graduated from New Trier High School, where he was a track star and sought to qualify for the Olympic Trials in 1956. Dern then attended the University of Pennsylvania, but dropped out after two years.[10]

    Career

    Dern studied at the Actors Studio, alongside Elia Kazan and Lee Strasberg. He starred with Lyle Kessler in the Philadelphia premiere of Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot, and starred with Paul Newman and Geraldine Page in the original Broadway run of Tennessee Williams' Sweet Bird of Youth.

    In the 1960s, Dern played the sailor in a few flashbacks in Marnie and a murdered lover in Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte. He played a murderous rustler in Hang 'Em High, a gunfighter in Support Your Local Sheriff!, and an impoverished farmer in the film adaptation of Horace McCoy's novel They Shoot Horses, Don't They?.

    In Mark Rydell's western film The Cowboys, he played a cattle thief who kills a rancher (John Wayne). Dern had a leading role in the ecological science-fiction film Silent Running and co-starred with Jack Nicholson in The King of Marvin Gardens. Dern played Tom Buchanan in the film adaptation of F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Great Gatsby (1974). In Kirk Douglas' Revisionist Western film Posse, Dern played a train-robber who uses his wiles to turn the tables on his captor, an ambitious, politically minded marshal. Dern starred in the beauty pageant satire film Smile, and in Alfred Hitchcock's final film Family Plot. He played a detective on the trail of a getaway driver (Ryan O'Neal) in the neo-noir film The Driver. In John Frankenheimer's thriller film Black Sunday, Dern played a vengeful Vietnam War veteran and Goodyear Blimp pilot who launches a massive terrorist attack at the Super Bowl. Dern played another Vietnam veteran and the disturbed husband of a perplexed woman (Jane Fonda) in Hal Ashby's war film Coming Home, and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.

    In Bob Brooks' erotic thriller film Tattoo, Dern played an increasingly-deranged tattoo artist who imprisons a fashion model (Maud Adams). The film was dogged by controversy throughout its post-production and pre-release phase - the film's release was delayed by nearly a year - and for his lead performance, Dern was nominated for the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actor. However, he bounced back by winning the Silver Bear for Best Actor at the 33rd Berlin International Film Festival for his performance in Jason Miller's That Championship Season (1982).[11]

    Over the next few decades, Dern played a Vietnam veteran and neighborhood survivalist in Joe Dante's suburban satire The 'Burbs, a local crime boss in Michael Ritchie's Diggstown, a rival of Wild Bill Hickok in Walter Hill's Wild Bill, and George Spahn in Quentin Tarantino's Once Upon a Time in Hollywood. Dern's autobiography, Things I've Said, But Probably Shouldn't Have: An Unrepentant Memoir, was published in 2007.

    In Alexander Payne's film Nebraska, Dern played a resident believing he has won a million dollars, and undertakes a road trip from Billings, Montana to Lincoln, Nebraska to get the prize. He won the Best Actor Award at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor.[12] [13]

    Directors and craft

    In the course of his long and prolific career, Dern collaborated with film directors, including Walter Hill (The Driver, Wild Bill and Last Man Standing), Joe Dante (The 'Burbs, Small Soldiers and The Hole), and Quentin Tarantino (Django Unchained, The Hateful Eight and Once Upon a Time in Hollywood). In an interview for The A.V. Club, Dern said: "I always say that I feel like I've worked for six geniuses in my career... And the six directors, not in any order, would be Mr. Kazan, Mr. Hitchcock, Douglas Trumbull, Alexander Payne, Quentin Tarantino, and Francis Coppola."[14] In an interview with Josh Olson and Joe Dante for the podcast series The Movies That Made Me, and while discussing his career, Dern cited the films of David Lean (specifically, Lawrence of Arabia, Great Expectations and The Bridge on the River Kwai), as among the films that inspired him.[15] When asked if he has ever contemplated retirement, Dern said: "If you think I'm gonna retire so Jimmy fucking Caan can get another part from me, you're dead wrong. Because I'm gonna go till I'm 100. My goal is to do stuff with older characters that people never got the chance to do, because they never lived long enough... And because I don't have anything else I can do."[16]

    Personal life

    Dern was married to Marie Dawn Pierce from 1957 to 1959.[17] He married Diane Ladd in 1960. Their first daughter died from head injuries after falling into a swimming pool in 1962.[18] The couple's second daughter is actress Laura Dern. After his divorce from Ladd, Dern married Andrea Beckett in 1969.[19]

    Filmography

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    Denotes works that have not yet been released

    Film

    YearTitleRoleNotes
    1960Wild RiverJack RoperUncredited
    1962The CrimebustersJoe Krajac
    1964MarnieSailor
    Hush...Hush, Sweet CharlotteJohn Mayhew
    1966The Wild AngelsJoe "Loser" Kearns
    1967The War WagonHammond
    The St. Valentine's Day MassacreJohn May
    The TripJohn
    Waterhole No. 3Deputy Sam Tippen
    Will PennyRafe Quint
    1968Psych-OutSteve Davis
    Hang 'Em HighMiller
    1969Support Your Local Sheriff!Joe Danby
    Castle KeepLt. Billy Byron Bix
    Number OneRichie Fowler
    The Cycle SavagesKeeg
    They Shoot Horses, Don't They?James Bates
    1970Bloody MamaKevin Dirkman
    The Rebel RousersJ.J. Weston
    1971The Incredible 2-Headed TransplantDr. Roger Girard
    Drive, He SaidCoach Bullion
    1972The CowboysAsa Watts (Long Hair)
    Silent RunningFreeman Lowell
    Thumb TrippingSmitty
    The King of Marvin GardensJason Staebler
    1973Pat Garrett and Billy the KidDeputyUncredited
    The Laughing PolicemanLeo Larsen
    1974The Great GatsbyTom Buchanan
    1975PosseJack Strawhorn
    SmileBig Bob Freelander
    1976Family PlotGeorge Lumley
    Won Ton Ton, the Dog Who Saved HollywoodGrayson Potchuck
    The TwistWilliam Brandels
    1977Black SundayMichael Lander
    1978Coming HomeCaptain Bob Hyde
    The DriverThe Detective
    1980Middle Age CrazyBobby Lee Burnett
    1981TattooKarl Kinsky
    1982That Championship SeasonGeorge Sitkowski
    Harry Tracy, DesperadoHarry Tracy
    1986On the EdgeWes Holman
    1987The Big TownMr. Edwards
    World Gone WildEthan
    19881969Cliff Denny
    1989The 'BurbsMark Rumsfield
    1990After Dark, My SweetGarrett "Uncle Bud" Stoker
    1992DiggstownJohn Gillon
    1995Wild BillWill Plummer
    1996Down PeriscopeAdmiral Yancy Graham
    Mulholland FallsThe ChiefUncredited
    Last Man StandingSheriff Ed Galt
    1998Small SoldiersLink Static (Voice)
    1999The HauntingMr. Dudley
    If... Dog... Rabbit...McGurdy
    2000All the Pretty HorsesThe Judge
    2001The Glass HouseAlvin Begleiter
    2003Masked and AnonymousEditor
    Milwaukee, MinnesotaSean McNally
    MonsterThomas
    2005MadisonHarry Volpi
    Down in the ValleyCharlie
    2006Believe in MeEllis Brawley
    Walker PayneChester
    The Astronaut FarmerHal
    The Hard EasyGene
    2007The Cake EatersEasy Kimbrough
    The Death and Life of Bobby ZHippy Narrator Uncredited
    2008Swamp DevilHoward Blame
    The Golden BoysCaptain Perez Ryder
    2009American CowslipCliff
    The Hole 3DCreepy Carl
    The LightkeepersBennie
    2010TrimDale Banks
    2011ChooseDr. Ronald Pendleton
    Inside OutVic Small
    TwixtBobby LaGrange
    2012From Up on Poppy HillYoshio Onodera (voice)English dub
    Hitting the CycleJames
    Django UnchainedCurtis Carrucan
    2013Coffin BabyVance Henrickson
    Northern BordersAustin Kittredge Sr.
    NebraskaWoody Grant
    Fighting for FreedomChristian Dobbe
    2014Cut BankGeorgie Wits
    2015The Hateful EightGeneral Sanford Smithers
    2017American ViolenceRichard Morton
    Class RankOswald Flannigan
    The LearsDavenport Lear
    HickokDoc Rivers O'Roark
    Our Souls at NightDorlan Becker
    ChappaquiddickJoseph P. Kennedy Sr.
    2018NostalgiaRonnie Ashemore
    White Boy RickRay Wershe
    FreaksAlan/Mr. Snowcone
    Warning ShotCalvin
    American DresserKing
    Lez BombGrandpa
    2019The MustangMyles
    The Peanut Butter FalconCarl
    Once Upon a Time in HollywoodGeorge Spahn
    Remember MeClaude
    Swing LowMallinckroft
    Inherit the ViperClay Carter
    HimselfDocumentary[20]
    The Artist's Wife[21] Richard Smythson
    Badland[22] Reginald Cooke
    2020EmperorLevi Coffin
    Death in TexasReynolds
    2021Last CallCoach Finnegan
    Buck AlamoDeath
    OverrunArkadi Dubkova
    The GatewayMarcus
    Hands That BindHank
    Christmas vs. the WaltersCliff Walters
    Last Shoot OutBlair Callahan
    2022The HaterFrank
    HellblazersBill Unger
    Mid-CenturyEmil Larson
    The Most Dangerous Game Whitney Tyler
    2023The WeaponDoris
    Butch Cassidy and the Wild BunchMike Cassidy
    Accidental TexanScheermeyer
    Butch vs. SundanceMike Cassidy
    Hunting GamesHenry
    Old Dads Richie Jacobs
    2024Bloodline KillerDr. Lucien
    2025Reminisce Papa JoePost-production
    The Devil's Trap
    Feathered Rock

    Television

    YearTitleRoleNotes
    1960Route 66AlbertSeason 1 Episode 4: "The Man on the Monkey Board"
    1961Naked CityNickySeason 2 Episode 10: "Bullets Cost Too Much"
    Hollis Season 2 Episode 20: "The Fault in Our Stars" (uncredited)
    Sea HuntFBI Agent John FurilloSeason 4 Episode 37: "Crime at Sea"
    Surfside 6Johnny PageSeason 2 Episode 4: "Daphne, Girl Detective"
    ThrillerJohnny NortonSeason 2 Episode 13: "The Remarkable Mrs. Hawk"
    Ben CaseyBilly HarrisSeason 1 Episode 12: "A Dark Night for Billy Harris"
    The DetectivesJud TreadwellSeason 3 Episode 12: "Act of God"
    Cain's HundredJoe KrajacSeason 1 Episode 1: "Crime and Commitment: Part 1"
    1962Cain's HundredEddie LightSeason 1 Episode 29: "The Left Side of Canada"
    The Dick Powell ShowDeeringSeason 1 Episode 19: "Squadron"
    1962–1963Stoney BurkeE.J. Stocker17 episodes
    1963The Dick Powell ShowHank FairbrotherSeason 2 Episode 29: "The Old Man and the City"
    Kraft Suspense TheatreMaynardSeason 1 Episode 9: "The Hunt"
    The Outer LimitsBen GarthSeason 1 Episode 14: "The Zanti Misfits"
    Wagon TrainSeth BancroftSeason 7 Episode 9: "The Eli Bancroft Story"
    The FugitiveDeputy Martin Season 1 Episode 3: "The Other Side of the Mountain"
    1964The VirginianPellSeason 2 Episode 20: "First to Thine Own Self"
    Lee Darrow Season 3 Episode 14: "The Payment"
    Wagon TrainJud FisherSeason 8 Episode 8: "Those Who Stay Behind"
    The FugitiveCharley Season 1 Episode 17: "Come Watch Me Die"
    77 Sunset StripRalph WheelerSeason 6 Episode 15: "Lovers' Lane"
    The Greatest Show on EarthVernonSeason 1 Episode 22: "The Last of the Strongmen"
    The Alfred Hitchcock HourRoy BullockSeason 2 Episode 15: "Night Caller"
    JesseSeason 3 Episode 6: "Lonely Place"
    12 O'Clock HighLieutenant Michaels Season 1 Episode 1: "Golden Boy Had Nine Black Sheep"
    1965Lieutenant DantonSeason 1 Episode 18: "The Lorelei"
    Lieutenant Michaels Season 1 Episode 27: "The Mission"
    Technical Sergeant Frank Jones Season 2 Episode 13: "The Jones Boys"
    The VirginianBert Kramer Season 4 Episode 3: "A Little Learning"
    Wagon TrainWilkinsSeason 8 Episode 24: "The Indian Girl Story"
    The FugitiveCody Season 2 Episode 21: "Corner of Hell"
    Hank Season 3 Episode 13: "The Good Guys and the Bad Guys"
    RawhideEd RankinSeason 8 Episode 4: "Walk into Terror"
    LaredoJoe DurkeeSeason 1 Episode 4: "Rendezvous at Arillo"
    A Man Called ShenandoahBobby BallantineSeason 1 Episode 7: "The Verdict"
    The F.B.I.Private First Class Byron LandySeason 1 Episode 14: "Pound of Flesh"
    GunsmokeDoyle PhlegerSeason 11 Episode 4: "Ten Little Indians"
    Judd Print Season 11 Episode 11: "South Wind"
    1966Lou Stone Season 12 Episode 3: "The Jailer"
    The FugitiveHutch Season 4 Episode 12: "The Devil's Disciples"
    BrandedLesSeason 2 Episode 17: "The Wolfers"
    The LonerLud GrantSeason 1 Episode 26: "To Hang a Dead Man"
    DisneylandTurkSeason 13 Episode 8: "Gallegher Goes West: Crusading Reporter"
    Run for Your LifeAlex RyderSeason 2 Episode 9: "The Treasure Seekers"
    The Big ValleyJack Follet Season 1 Episode 20: "Under a Dark Star"
    Harry Dixon Season 1 Episode 26: "By Force and Violence"
    Clovis Season 2 Episode 1: "The Lost Treasure"
    1967Gabe Skeels Season 3 Episode 12: "Four Days to Furnace Hill"
    Run for Your LifeAlex RyderSeason 3 Episode 5: "Trip to the Far Side"
    Season 3 Episode 7: "At the End of the Rainbow There's Another Rainbow"
    1968LancerLucas ThatcherSeason 1 Episode 6: "Julie"
    The Big ValleyJohn WeaverSeason 4 Episode 11: "The Prize"
    The F.B.I.Virgil Roy Phipps Season 4 Episode 7: "The Nightmare"
    BonanzaCully MacoSeason 9 Episode 15: "The Trackers"
    1969LancerTom Nevill Season 2 Episode 9: "A Person Unknown"
    GunsmokeGuerin Season 14 Episode 21: "The Long Night"
    Then Came BronsonBucky O'NeillSeason 1 Episode 6: "Amid Splinters of the Thunderbolt"
    1970BonanzaBaylissSeason 11 Episode 23: "The Gold Mine"
    Land of the GiantsThorgSeason 2 Episode 24: "Wild Journey"
    The High ChaparralWadeSeason 4 Episode 3: "Only the Bad Come to Sonora"
    The ImmortalLuther SeacombeSeason 1 Episode 13: "To the Gods Alone"
    1985SpaceStanley Mott5 episodes: "Part I", "Part II", "Part III", "Part IV", "Part V"
    ToughloveRob ChartersTelevision film
    1987Roses Are for the RichDouglas Osborne
    Uncle Tom's CabinAugustine St. Claire
    1989Trenchcoat in ParadiseJohn Hollander
    1990The Court-Martial of Jackie RobinsonScout Ed Higgins
    1991Into the BadlandsT.L. Barston
    Carolina SkeletonsJunior Stoker
    1993It's Nothing PersonalBilly Archer
    1994Dead Man's RevengePayton McCay
    George Putnam
    1995A Mother's PrayerJohn Walker
    Mrs. MunckPatrick Leary
    1999Winston
    2003King of the HillRandy Strickland (voice)Season 7 Episode 11: "Boxing Luanne"
    Hard GroundNate HutchinsonTelevision film
    2006–2011Big LoveFrank Harlow29 episodes
    2007VetSeason 4 Episode 6: "Boo"
    2013Pete's ChristmasGrandpaTelevision film
    2016The CowboyHimselfTelevision series documentary, 2 episodes
    2019Black MondayRod "The Jammer" JaminskiSeason 1 Episode 5: "243"
    Season 1 Episode 10: "0"
    Mr. MercedesJohn Rothstein8 episodes
    2021GoliathFrank Zax8 episodes
    2024Palm RoyaleSkeetMiniseries
    Season 1 Episode 4: "Maxine Rolls the Dice"
    Season 1 Episode 5: "Maxine Shakes the Tree"
    Season 1 Episode 6: "Maxine Takes a Step"

    Video games

    YearTitleRole
    2020Shadow StalkersThe Director
    2020MegaRace: DeathMatchRabies

    Awards and nominations

    YearTitleAward
    1972Drive, He SaidNational Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actor
    1973The CowboysBronze Wrangler for Best Theatrical Motion Picture
    1975The Great GatsbyNominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture
    1979Coming HomeNominated – Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
    Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture
    1983That Championship SeasonSilver Bear for Best Actor
    2009Swamp DevilPhiladelphia Film Festival Jury Prize
    2014NebraskaAARP Annual Movies for Grownups Award for Best Actor
    Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Cast
    Cannes Film Festival Best Actor Award
    Dublin Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor
    Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor
    National Board of Review Award for Best Actor
    Nominated – Academy Award for Best Actor
    Nominated – Alliance of Women Film Journalists Award for Best Actor
    Nominated – Alliance of Women Film Journalists Award for Best Ensemble Cast
    Nominated – American Comedy Award for Comedy Actor – Film
    Nominated – BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
    Nominated – Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor
    Nominated – Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Cast
    Nominated – Central Ohio Film Critics Association Award for Best Ensemble
    Nominated – Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor
    Nominated – Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor
    Nominated – Gold Derby Award for Best Actor
    Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
    Nominated – Guardian Film Award for Best Actor
    Nominated – Houston Film Critics Society Award for Best Actor
    Nominated – Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead
    Nominated – London Film Critics Circle Award for Actor of the Year
    Nominated – San Francisco Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor
    Nominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role
    Nominated – St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor
    Nominated – Satellite Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture
    2019FreaksBest Actor at Horrorant International Film Festival[23]

    External links

    Notes and References

    1. Web site: Awards - Best Actor Award. live. Festival De Cannes. https://web.archive.org/web/20210908212141/https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/73-editions/retrospective/2013/actualites/articles/awards-best-actor-award . September 8, 2021 .
    2. Web site: January 15, 2014. Actor Bruce Dern | Interviews | Tavis Smiley. May 29, 2016. PBS.
    3. Book: Bruce Dern: A Memoir . Dern . Bruce . Fryer . Christopher . Crane . Robert . 978-0813147130 . November 18, 2014 . University Press of Kentucky. and
    4. Book: Current Biography Yearbook . 1979 . H. W. Wilson Company . 102.
    5. Web site: Bruce Dern Biography (1936-). www.filmreference.com.
    6. Web site: John Dern, 54, Utility Chief, Attorney, Dies. https://archive.today/20130131153933/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/519465132.html?dids=519465132:519465132&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=May+23,+1958&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=JOHN+DERN,+54,+UTILITY+CHIEF,+ATTORNEY,+DIES&pqatl=google. dead. January 31, 2013.
    7. Web site: Bruce Dern accepts Career Achievement Award at the Chicago Intern - Time Out Chicago . November 30, 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131203021933/http://www.timeoutchicago.com/arts-culture/film/16460606/bruce-dern-accepts-career-achievement-award-at-the-chicago-international- . December 3, 2013 .
    8. Web site: New Again: Bruce Dern – Page . October 2, 2013 . Interview Magazine . May 29, 2016.
    9. News: Bruce Dern shows a dangerous streak in 'Big Love' . Los Angeles Times . January 13, 2010 .
    10. Web site: Bruce Dern's long run to 'Nebraska'. Christopher. Borrelli. Chicago Tribune. November 11, 2013.
    11. Web site: Berlinale: 1983 Prize Winners . November 20, 2010 . berlinale.de.
    12. Web site: Cannes Film Festival: Awards 2013 . May 26, 2013. May 26, 2013. Cannes.
    13. Web site: Cannes: Lesbian Drama 'Blue Is the Warmest Color' Wins Palme d'Or. The Wrap. May 26, 2013. October 30, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131030013306/http://www.thewrap.com/movies/cannes-awards-blue-is-the-warmest-color-palme-d%27or-lesbian. dead.
    14. Web site: Bruce Dern traces his career progression from "fifth cowboy from the right" to American icon. The A.V. Club. November 21, 2017 . May 1, 2021.
    15. Web site: The Movies That Made Me season 4 episode 11: Bruce Dern. Trailers from Hell. May 1, 2021.
    16. Web site: Bruce Dern on meeting 'fragile' Marilyn Monroe and why he won't retire. New York Post. September 5, 2019 . May 1, 2021.
    17. Book: Gordon . Roger L. . Supporting Actors in Motion Pictures . 2 . Dorrance Publishing . 2018 . 160 . 978-1480958418 . February 10, 2020 .
    18. Web site: Diane Ladd . . February 10, 2020 . Diane died at just 18 months after she sustained a head injury from falling into a swimming pool. .
    19. Web site: Actor nominated for Oscar married in Carson City. Reno Gazette Journal.
    20. Web site: Director Reclaims Rights to Documentary '21 Years: Quentin Tarantino' (EXCLUSIVE). Dave. McNary. Variety. February 13, 2019. January 14, 2020.
    21. Web site: The Artist's Wife | Celsius Entertainment | London | Film Sales.
    22. Web site: Leydon . Joe . "Badland" review . Variety . June 8, 2020. October 31, 2019.
    23. Web site: Horrorant 2019: Daniel Robbins' PLEDGE Takes Home Top Prize. May 18, 2019.