| County: | Brown County |
| State: | Kansas |
| Type: | County |
| Ex Image: | BrownCoKScourthouse.JPG |
| Ex Image Cap: | Brown County Courthouse in Hiawatha (2011) |
| Founded: | August 25, 1855 |
| Named For: | Albert Gallatin Brown |
| Seat Wl: | Hiawatha |
| Largest City Wl: | Hiawatha |
| Area Total Sq Mi: | 572 |
| Area Land Sq Mi: | 571 |
| Area Water Sq Mi: | 1.2 |
| Area Percentage: | 0.2% |
| Population As Of: | 2020 |
| Population Total: | 9508 |
| Pop Est Footnotes: | [1] |
| Pop Est As Of: | 2023 |
| Population Est: | 9250 |
| Population Density Sq Mi: | 16.7 |
| Area Codes: | 785 |
| District: | 2nd |
| Time Zone: | Central |
| Coordinates: | 39.8°N -130°W |
Brown County is a county located in the northeast portion of the U.S. state of Kansas. Its county seat and most populous city is Hiawatha.[2] As of the 2020 census, the county population was 9,508.[3] The county was named after Albert G. Brown, a U.S. Senator from Mississippi and Kansas statehood advocate. The Kickapoo Indian Reservation of Kansas, the majority of the Sac and Fox Reservation, and the majority of the Iowa Reservation of Kansas and Nebraska are located within the county.
See also: History of Kansas. For many millennia, the Great Plains of North America was inhabited by nomadic Native Americans. From the 16th century to 18th century, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America. In 1762, after the French and Indian War, France secretly ceded New France to Spain, per the Treaty of Fontainebleau.
In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France, but keeping title to about 7,500 square miles. In 1803, most of the land for modern day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase for 2.83 cents per acre.
In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. Brown County was founded in 1855,[4] was named for Albert G. Brown.[5]
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of, of which is land and (0.2%) is water.[6] The Wolf River has its source in the county.[7] Brown State Fishing Lake, formerly known as "Brown County State Park" is in the county,
8 miles (13 km) east of Hiawatha.Sources: National Atlas,[8] U.S. Census Bureau[9]
As of the 2000 census,[10] there were 10,724 people, 4,318 households, and 2,949 families residing in the county. The population density was 19/mi2. There were 4,815 housing units at an average density of 8/mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 86.87% White, 1.56% Black or African American, 8.82% Native American, 0.21% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.73% from other races, and 1.81% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.32% of the population.
There were 4,318 households, out of which 31.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.80% were married couples living together, 9.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.70% were non-families. 28.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.99.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 26.40% under the age of 18, 7.40% from 18 to 24, 24.00% from 25 to 44, 22.70% from 45 to 64, and 19.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 93.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.80 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $31,971, and the median income for a family was $39,525. Males had a median income of $29,163 versus $19,829 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,163. About 10.60% of families and 12.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.40% of those under age 18 and 11.80% of those age 65 or over.
Like all of Kansas outside the eastern cities, Brown County is overwhelmingly Republican, although its history of Yankee settlement means it has been thus for longer than certain other parts of the state. Brown was Alf Landon’s strongest county in his home state during his disastrous 1936 presidential campaign. FDR was never to win so much as 42 percent of the vote in any of his four Presidential elections; indeed no Democratic presidential nominee has ever won a majority in Brown County, with the highest percentage being 47 percent by William Jennings Bryan in 1896. A mortally divided Republican Party allowed Woodrow Wilson to win a plurality in 1912 with under 37 percent of the county’s vote – nonetheless since 1968 no Democrat has reached even that percentage.
Following amendment to the Kansas Constitution in 1986, the county remained a prohibition, or "dry", county until 2000, when voters approved the sale of alcoholic liquor by the individual drink without a food sales requirement.[11]
List of townships / incorporated cities / unincorporated communities / extinct former communities within Brown County.[15]
‡ means a community has portions in an adjacent county.
† means a community is designated a Census-Designated Place (CDP) by the United States Census Bureau.
Brown County is divided into ten townships. The cities of Hiawatha, Horton, and Sabetha are considered governmentally independent and are excluded from the census figures for the townships. In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size.
| Township | Population center | Population | Population density /km2 (/sq mi) | Land area km2 (sq mi) | Water area km2 (sq mi) | Water % | Geographic coordinates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hamlin | 29725 | 344 | 3 (8) | 106 (41) | 0 (0) | 0.18% | 39.9503°N -95.6111°W | ||
| Hiawatha | 31700 | 739 | 4 (12) | 164 (63) | 0 (0) | 0.18% | 39.8403°N -95.5331°W | ||
| Irving | 34500 | 311 | 2 (6) | 137 (53) | 0 (0) | 0.04% | 39.9567°N -95.3933°W | ||
| Mission | 47200 | 645 | 3 (8) | 219 (84) | 2 (1) | 0.73% | 39.7206°N -95.5367°W | ||
| Morrill | 48325 | 503 | 5 (12) | 105 (41) | 0 (0) | 0.24% | 39.9397°N -95.7222°W | ||
| Padonia | 54025 | 259 | 2 (6) | 107 (41) | 0 (0) | 0.14% | 39.9506°N -95.5178°W | ||
| Powhattan | 57375 | 874 | 4 (10) | 232 (90) | 0 (0) | 0.06% | 39.7303°N -95.6997°W | ||
| Robinson | 60350 | 452 | 4 (10) | 116 (45) | 0 (0) | 0.25% | 39.8081°N -95.3969°W | ||
| Walnut | 74875 | 665 | 4 (11) | 161 (62) | 1 (0) | 0.46% | 39.8481°N -95.7075°W | ||
| Washington | 75525 | 541 | 5 (12) | 116 (45) | 0 (0) | 0.17% | 39.6953°N -95.4114°W | ||
| Sources: Web site: Census 2000 U.S. Gazetteer Files . https://web.archive.org/web/20020802223743/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/places2k.html . dead . August 2, 2002 . U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division . | |||||||||