Broward County, Florida Explained

Broward County
Settlement Type:County
Image Blank Emblem:Logo of Broward County, Florida.svg
Blank Emblem Type:Logo
Pushpin Map:USA
Pushpin Map Caption:Location within the United States
Pushpin Label Position:top
Coordinates:26.1935°N -80.4767°W
Coordinates Footnotes:[1]
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Type1:State
Subdivision Type2:Region
Subdivision Name2:South Florida
Subdivision Type3:Metro area
Subdivision Name3:Miami
Established Title:Founded
Established Date:April 30, 1915
Named For:Napoleon B. Broward
Seat Type:County seat
Seat:Fort Lauderdale
Seat1 Type:Largest city
Seat1:Fort Lauderdale (population, total area)
Davie (land area)
Parts Type:Incorporated cities
Parts:24
Government Type:Council–manager government
Governing Body:Board of County Commissioners
Leader Title:Board of County Commissioners[2] [3]
Leader Title1:Mayor
Leader Name1:Nan H. Rich (D)[4]
Leader Title2:Vice Mayor
Leader Name2:Beam Furr (D)
Leader Title3:County administrator
Leader Name3:Monica Cepero
Unit Pref:US
Area Total Sq Mi:1322.817
Area Land Sq Mi:1203.105
Area Water Sq Mi:119.712
Elevation Max Footnotes:Pine Island Ridge in Davie[5]
Elevation Max Ft:29
Elevation Min Footnotes:[6]
Elevation Min Ft:0
Population As Of:2020
Population Footnotes:[7]
Population Total:1944375
Pop Est As Of:2022
Population Est:1947026
Pop Est Footnotes:[8]
Population Rank:17th in the United States
2nd in Florida
Population Density Km2:624.84
Population Density Sq Mi:1618.33
Demographics Type2:GDP
Demographics2 Footnotes:[9]
Demographics2 Title1:Total
Demographics2 Info1:$146.735 billion (2022)
Timezone:Eastern Time Zone
Utc Offset:−5
Timezone Dst:Eastern Daylight Time
Utc Offset Dst:−4
Postal Code Type:ZIP Codes
Postal Code:33004, 33009, 33019–33021,33023–33029, 33060, 33062–33069, 33071, 33073, 33076, 33301, 33304–33306, 33308–33317, 33319, 33321–33328, 33330–33332, 33334, 33351, 33441–33442
Area Code Type:Area codes
Area Code:754/954
Blank Name Sec1:FIPS code
Blank Info Sec1:12011
Blank1 Name Sec1:GNIS feature ID
Blank Name Sec2:Primary airport
Blank Info Sec2:Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport
FLL (major/international)
Blank1 Name Sec2:Secondary airport
Blank1 Info Sec2:Miami International Airport-
MIA (international/neighboring county)-
Palm Beach International Airport-
PBI (international/neighboring county)-
North Perry Airport-
HWO (regional)-
Fort Lauderdale Executive Airport-
FXE (regional)-
Pompano Beach Airpark-
PMP (regional)
Blank2 Name Sec2:Interstates
Blank3 Name Sec2:U.S. Routes
Blank4 Name Sec2:State roads
Blank4 Info Sec2:
Blank7 Name Sec2:Commuter rail
Blank7 Info Sec2:Amtrak, Brightline, Tri-Rail
Blank Emblem Alt:Logo

Broward County is a county in Florida, United States, located in the Miami metropolitan area. It is Florida's second-most populous county after Miami-Dade County and the 17th-most populous in the United States, with 1,944,375 residents as of the 2020 census. Its county seat and most populous city is Fort Lauderdale, which had a population of 182,760 as of 2020. The county is part of the South Florida region of the state.

Broward County is one of the three counties that make up the Miami metropolitan area, which is home to 6.14 million people as of 2020. It is also one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the entire country.[10] As of 2022, Broward County has a gross domestic product of $124.8 billion, the second-largest GDP of Florida's 67 counties and the 25th-largest for the nation's 3,033 counties.[11]

History

Native people

The earliest evidence of Native American settlement in the Miami region came from about 12,000 years ago.[12] The first inhabitants settled on the banks of the Miami River, with the main villages on the northern banks.

The inhabitants at the time of first European contact were the Tequesta people, who controlled much of southeastern Florida, including what is now Miami-Dade County, Broward County, and the southern part of Palm Beach County. The Tequesta Indians fished, hunted, and gathered the fruit and roots of plants for food, but did not practice any form of agriculture. They buried the small bones of the deceased with the rest of the body, and put the larger bones in a box for the village people to see. The Tequesta are credited with making the Miami Circle.[13]

Founding of Broward

Broward County was founded on April 30, 1915.[14] It was intended to be named Everglades County, but then-Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives Ion Farris amended the bill that established the county to name it in honor of Napoleon Bonaparte Broward, governor of Florida from 1905 to 1909.

Throughout his term as governor, Broward championed Everglades drainage and was remembered for his campaign to turn the Everglades into "useful land". This opened up much of today's urban Broward County for development, first as agricultural land and later as residential. A year before Broward became governor, Dania became the first incorporated community of what is now Broward County, followed by Pompano in 1908, and Fort Lauderdale in 1911.

In 1915, Palm Beach and Dade counties contributed nearly equal portions of land to create Broward County.

Broward County began a huge development boom after its incorporation, with the first "tourist hotel", in Fort Lauderdale, opening in 1919. A year later, developers began dredging wetlands in the county to create island communities.

Land boom and rapid growth

By 1925, the boom was considered to have reached its peak, but the 1926 Miami hurricane caused economic depression in the county. The county saw another population and development boom post-World War II when the transformation from agricultural to urbanized residential area began.

In 1967, Coconut Creek was incorporated.[15]

The effects of a national recession hit the county in 1974 and the population growth finally slowed. This is from a peak growth percentage change of 297.9% which saw the population of Broward grow from 83,933 as of 1950 to 333,946 in 1960.[16] The population subsequently experienced an 85.7% population growth which brought the population to a total of 620,100 in 1970.[16]

Recent history

The structure of the Broward County government was signed into law in 1975 with the passage of the Broward County charter. In the same year, the Seminole Tribe of Florida incorporated as a governing entity and began organizing cigarette sales, bingo and land leases that will bring millions of dollars in annual revenue in later years.[17] In 1976, Interstate 95 was completed through Broward County.

On January 19, 1977, snow fell in South Florida for the first time in recorded history. Snow was seen across all of South Florida as far south as Homestead and even on Miami Beach. Snow was officially reported by weather observers in West Palm Beach, LaBelle, Hollywood, and Royal Palm Ranger Station in southern Miami-Dade County.[18]

In the year 1980, the US census reported over 1 million people living in Broward County.

On August 24, 1992, Hurricane Andrew passed through Broward County County, causing $100 million in damage in the county and leaving many residents homeless.[19]

In the year 2000, the US census reported a total population of 1,623,018.[20] The town of South West Ranches was incorporated this year.

On March 1, 2005, West Park became Broward County's 31st municipality to be incorporated.[21]

On October 24, 2005, Hurricane Wilma hit South Florida leaving the entire area damaged and causing almost universal power outages. Wilma was the most damaging storm in Broward County since Hurricane King in 1950. Broward experienced wind speeds between 80and which endured for about five hours.[22]

On February 14, 2018, the city of Parkland became the scene of a deadly mass shooting perpetrated by a 19-year-old former student of Stoneman Douglas High School. The trial of the perpetrator of the shooting, Nikolas Cruz, was held at the Seventeenth Judicial Circuit Court of Florida in Broward County in 2022 with Judge Elizabeth Scherer presiding. Cruz was sentenced to life without the possibility of parole.[23]

In June 2020, following the George Floyd protests, some residents called for the county to be renamed due to Governor Broward's support for segregation and the Back-to-Africa movement.[24]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of, of which is land and (8.5%) is water.[25]

Broward County has an average elevation of 6feet above sea level. It is rather new geologically and at the eastern edge of the Florida Platform, a carbonate plateau created millions of years ago. Broward County is composed of Oolite limestone while western Broward is composed mostly of Bryozoa.[26] Broward is among the last areas of Florida to be created and populated with fauna and flora, mostly in the Pleistocene.

Of developable land in Broward County, approximately 471sqmi, the majority is built upon, as the urban area is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Everglades Wildlife Management Area to the west. Within developable land, Broward County has a population density of 3,740 per square mile (1,444 per square kilometer).

Broward approved the construction of Osborne Reef, an artificial reef made of tires off the Fort Lauderdale beach, but it has proven to be an environmental disaster.[27]

Adjacent counties

Demographics

Historical racial composition20202010200019901980
White (non-Hispanic)33.1%43.5%58.0%74.9%84.3%
Hispanic or Latino31.3%25.1%16.7%8.6%4.0%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic)26.6%25.7%20.0%14.9%10.9%
Asian and Pacific Islander (non-Hispanic)3.8%3.2%2.3%1.3%0.8%
Native American (non-Hispanic)0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%
Some other race (non-Hispanic)1.1%0.5%0.4%0.1%
Two or more races (non-Hispanic)3.8%1.7%2.4%N/AN/A
Population1,944,3751,748,0661,623,0181,255,4881,018,200
Demographic characteristics2020[28] [29] [30] 2010[31] [32] [33] 2000[34] [35] [36] 19901980[37]
Households860,329810,388741,043528,442417,517
Persons per household2.262.162.192.382.44
93.493.993.391.991.0
Ages 0–1720.5%22.4%23.6%20.4%21.0%
Ages 18–6462.3%63.3%60.3%58.8%57.0%
Ages 65 +17.2%14.3%16.1%20.8%22.0%
Median age41.439.737.837.638.7
Population1,944,3751,748,0661,623,0181,255,4881,018,200
Economic indicators
2018–22 American Community SurveyBroward CountyFlorida
[38] $39,690$37,826
[39] $70,331$67,917
Poverty Rate[40] 12.4%12.9%
[41] 90.0%89.3%
34.9%32.3%
13.3%12.1%
Language spoken at home202020102000[42] 1990[43] 1980[44]
English57.5%62.5%71.2%82.3%88.3%
Spanish or Spanish Creole27.6%22.9%16.3%8.0%3.7%
French or Haitian Creole7.0%7.2%5.4%3.3%1.4%
Other Languages7.8%7.4%7.1%6.4%6.6%
Nativity202020102000[45] [46] 19901980
% population native-born64.6%68.6%74.7%84.2%88.9%
... born in the United States61.0%65.7%72.2%82.3%87.8%
... born in Puerto Rico or Island Areas2.1%1.9%1.7%1.1%1.0%
... born to American parents abroad1.4%1.1%0.8%0.8%
% population foreign-born35.4%31.4%25.3%15.8%11.1%
... born in Jamaica4.5%4.5%3.7%1.8%0.5%
... born in Haiti4.4%4.1%2.9%1.5%N/A
... born in Colombia3.4%2.8%2.0%0.8%N/A
... born in Cuba3.2%2.5%2.0%1.3%0.8%
style=“text-align:left”... born inChina0.5%0.35%0.2%0.1%0.1%
... born in Venezuela2.5%1.2%0.6%0.1%N/A
... born in Brazil1.5%1.1%0.9%0.2%N/A
... born in Peru1.2%1.2%0.8%0.3%N/A
... born in the Dominican Republic1.0%0.9%0.6%0.2%< 0.1%
... born in Mexico1.0%0.8%0.7%0.2%0.1%
... born in Canada0.8%1.0%1.3%1.2%1.4%
... born in Honduras0.8%0.6%0.3%0.1%N/A
... born in Trinidad and Tobago0.7%0.7%0.6%0.5%N/A
... born in Argentina0.6%0.4%0.3%0.2%N/A
... born in India0.6%0.5%0.3%0.1%0.1%
... born in El Salvador0.5%0.4%0.3%0.1%N/A
... born in Ecuador0.5%0.6%0.3%0.2%N/A
... born in the United Kingdom0.4%0.5%0.6%0.7%0.7%
... born in Russia0.3%0.2%0.2%0.5%0.9%
... born in Italy0.2%0.3%0.4%0.5%0.8%
... born in Germany0.2%0.3%0.5%0.6%0.8%
... born in Poland0.2%0.2%0.4%0.6%0.7%
... born in other countries6.9%6.6%5.6%4.1%4.3%
As of 2005, Broward County led the nation's metropolitan areas in new AIDS diagnoses, with a reported rate 58.4 new AIDS diagnoses per 100,000 people. County officials think the numbers may stem from a new and successful HIV testing campaign that has resulted in many people being diagnosed with AIDS at the same time they've been diagnosed with HIV.[47] Without the implementation of the new testing campaign, the reported numbers of new diagnoses would have probably been lower.

Law, government, and politics

Broward County Mayors

NameStart of TermEnd of Term
Nan H. Rich[48] November 28, 2023
Lamar P. Fisher[49] November 29, 2022November 28, 2023
Michael Udine[50] November 16, 2021November 29, 2022
Steven A. Geller[51] November 17, 2020November 16, 2021
Dale V.C. Holness[52] November 19, 2019November 17, 2020
Mark Bogen[53] Nov. 2018Nov. 2019
Beam Furr[54] Nov. 2017Nov. 2018
Barbara ShariefNovember 17, 2016November 17, 2017
Marty KiarNovember 17, 2015November 17, 2016
Tim RyanNovember 18, 2014November 17, 2015
Barbara ShariefNovember 19, 2013November 18, 2014
The Broward County Charter provides for a separation between the legislative and administrative functions of government. The Board of County Commissioners is the legislative branch of Broward County Government. The County Commission is composed of nine members elected by district. Commissioners must be a resident of the district where they seek election. Each year the Commission elects a mayor and vice mayor. The mayor's functions include serving as presiding officer, and as the county's official representative. The Commission appoints the County Administrator, County Attorney and County Auditor. The commission also appoints numerous advisory and regulatory boards.[55]

The County Commission meets in formal session the first four Tuesdays of each month at 10:00 a.m. in Room 422 of the Broward County Governmental Center. Over 507,000 cable subscribers in Broward County have access to Government-access television (GATV) coverage of Commission meetings, which are broadcast live beginning at 10:00 a.m. each Tuesday, and rebroadcast at 5:30 p.m. the following Friday. Meetings can also be viewed via webcasting at www.broward.org.

The Broward County Sheriff's Office (BSO) has 5,400 employees,[56] and is the largest sheriff's department in Florida. The BSO was founded in 1915.[57] [58] [59] Sheriff Gregory Tony has been the Sheriff heading the agency since 2019, when he replaced Sheriff Scott Israel, who had been Sheriff since 2013.[60] [61] [62]

Politics

Overview

Broward County has been a Democratic stronghold since 1992, voting for the Party's presidential nominee in every election since then. It is now considered one of the most reliably Democratic counties in the state,[63] [64] giving greater than 60% support to the party nominee in every election since 1996. From 1948 to 1988, the county leaned Republican, voting for the Republican nominee in every election except 1976, even supporting Republican Barry Goldwater by a 56-44 margin while he lost the national election in a landslide. Unlike Miami-Dade County to the south, where many of the immigrants are Republican-leaning Cuban-Americans, Cubans comprise only a small proportion of the immigrant population in Broward County.

Previous gubernatorial election results
YearRepublicanDemocraticThird parties
202241.97% 251,238 (DeSantis/Incumbent)57.35% 343,286 (Crist)0.68% 4,083
201831.30% 222,012 (DeSantis)67.98% 482,152 (Gillum)0.68% 5,015
201429.52% 138,394 (Scott/Incumbent)68.02% 318,950 (Crist)2.46% 11,549
201033.40% 140,445 (Scott)64.59% 271,606 (Sink)2.01% 8,480
200635.09% 143,043 (Crist)62.81% 256,072 (Davis)2.10% 8,558
200240.02% 175,756 (Bush/Incumbent)59.05% 259,370 (McBride)0.93% 4,076
199837.93% 137,494 (Bush)62.07% 225,010 (McKay)0.00% 8
199434.61% 138,333 (Bush)65.39% 261,368 (Chiles/Incumbent)0.00% 11

Voter registration

According to the Secretary of State's office, Democrats maintain a plurality among registered voters in Broward County. The county is also one of the few counties in the state where Independents outnumber Republicans.

Population and registered voters as of May 31, 2024:
Total population[65] 1,944,375
  Registered voters[66] 1,102,739~57%
    Democratic503,44445.65%
    Republican252,67222.91%
    Democratic–Republican spread+250,772+22.74%
    Minor parties23,7672.16%
    No party affiliation322,85629.28%

Ordinances

Broward's code of ordinances consists of resolutions, administrative rules and regulations passed in order to secure a responsive and efficient form of local government.[67]

The county maintains a distinctive rule regarding communication between the county and bidders for county contracts, known as the Cone of Silence.[68] This rule prevents staff involved in a purchasing process from communicating with bidders from the time when the solicitation is issued, and County Commissioners from the time when bids are opened, until the vote to award the contract or the time when all bids are rejected.[69]

Economy

See also: List of companies based in Miami. Silver Airways has its headquarters on the property of Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport in an unincorporated area.[70] [71] [72] Other companies with headquarters in unincorporated areas include Locair.[73]

Spirit Airlines relocated its headquarters to Dania Beach on April 18, 2024.[74] Prior to that, the airline operated out of Miramar for 24 years, since December 1999.[75]

When Chalk's International Airlines existed, its headquarters was on the grounds of the airport in an unincorporated area.[76] When Bimini Island Air existed, its headquarters were in an unincorporated area.[77]

By far the largest agricultural sector is nurseries, greenhouses, floricultures, and sod. This supplies ornamental uses in the area.[78]

Education

Primary and secondary schools

Broward County Schools, the sole school district in the county,[79] has the sixth largest school district in the country and the second largest in the state after the Miami-Dade district.

Regionally accredited colleges and universities

Other adult education providers

Public libraries

The Broward County Library is one of the largest public library systems in the country, comprising 38 branch locations. There are also five municipal public libraries in the county that are not part of the Broward County Library system: Ethel M. Gordon Oakland Park Library, Lighthouse Point Library, Helen B. Hoffman Plantation Library, Richard C. Sullivan Public Library of Wilton Manors, and Parkland Public Library.

Library Resources

Broward County libraries provide endless amount of resources to the public. For high-schoolers looking to prepare themselves for college, the library offers college readiness & SAT/ACT prep courses. For adults looking to learn computer skills, adult computer classes are also offered. These resources are free of cost, therefore, all it takes is registering to participate. In addition to the many resources offered at the library, bus passes are also sold at most Broward County libraries.[80] If you want to enjoy some of these resources, you can simply download the app to utilize them on the go. There are nine apps available for download: Broward County Library (BCL WoW), Freegal Music, Hoopla, Overdrive, Libby, Axis 360, RBdigital Magazines, Rosetta Stone, and Brainfuse.[81]

Sites of interest

Museums and historical collections

See also: List of museums in Broward County, Florida.

Nature and wildlife areas

Other areas and attractions

Additionally, with 23 miles of beach, Broward County is a popular destination for scuba diving, snorkeling, and droves of young Spring break tourists from around the world.[86] [87]

Transportation

Airports

Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport serves as the primary airport of the Broward County area. The airport is bounded by the cities Fort Lauderdale, Hollywood and Dania Beach,[72] 3miles southwest of downtown Fort Lauderdale and 21miles north of Miami. The airport is near cruise line terminals at Port Everglades and is popular among tourists bound for the Caribbean. Since the late 1990s, FLL has become an intercontinental gateway, although Miami International Airport still handles most long-haul flights. FLL is ranked as the 19th busiest airport (in terms of passenger traffic) in the United States, as well as the nation's 14th busiest international air gateway and one of the world's 50 busiest airports. FLL is classified by the US Federal Aviation Administration as a "major hub" facility serving commercial air traffic. In 2017 the airport processed 32,511,053 passengers[88] (11.3% more than 2016) including 7,183,275 international passengers (18.6% more than 2016).

Public transportation

Major expressways

Railroads

Street grid

A street grid stretches throughout Broward County. Most of this grid is loosely based on three primary eastern municipalities, (from South to North) Hollywood, Fort Lauderdale, and Pompano Beach. Deerfield Beach—another primary eastern municipality—has its own street grid, as do two smaller municipalities—Dania Beach and Hallandale Beach.

Greenways System

Construction is underway on a network of recreational trails to connect cities and points of interest in the county.[89] [90] [91]

Communities

Municipalities

Municipality populations are based on the 2020 US Census using their QuickFacts with 5,000 residents and above, while municipalities under 5,000 people are based on their US Decennial Census.[92] [93]

Incorporated communityDesignationDate incorporatedPopulation
1 City 34,670
2 City 57,833
3 City 86,859
4 City 134,394
5 City 58,712
6 City 112,046
7 City 10,486
8 Town 1,987
9 City 71,897
10 City 44,794
11 Town 6,198
12 Village 540
13 City 44,229
14 City 11,426
15 Village 33
16 Fort Lauderdale City 182,760
17 City 35,954
18 City 74,482
19 City 97,335
20 City 91,750
21 City 68,107
22 Town 105,691
23 City 31,723
24 City 153,067
25 Town 7,607
26 City 34,401
27 City 171,178
28 City 134,721
29 City 15,130
30 Town 6,260
31 City 41,217

Former unincorporated neighborhoods

In the 1980s, the Broward County Commission adopted a policy of having all populated places in the county be part of a municipality.[94] Municipalities were often reluctant to annex neighborhoods which were not projected to yield enough tax revenue to cover the costs of providing services to those neighborhoods.[95] In 2001 the Broward County Legislative Delegation adopted a policy encouraging the annexation of all unincorporated areas in Broward County into municipalities by October 1, 2005.[96] Formerly unincorporated neighborhoods that have been annexed into existing municipalities or combined to form new municipalities include:

valign=top valign=top valign=top valign=top

Remaining unincorporated neighborhoods

By late in the first decade of the 21st century, annexation of remaining neighborhoods had stalled.[97] the Broward County Municipal Services District serves seven unincorporated neighborhoods, including six census designated places (Boulevard Gardens, Broadview Park, Franklin Park, Hillsboro Pines, Roosevelt Gardens and Washington Park) and a parcel with a population of 72 in 2018, Hillsboro Ranches.[98] Other areas in the developed part of the county that are not in municipalities include the Hollywood Seminole Indian Reservation, Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport, several landfills and resource recovery facilities, and other scattered small parcels with few or no residents.[99]

See also

External links

Government links/Constitutional offices

Special districts

Judicial branch

Tourism links

Official sites

Notes and References

  1. https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2018_Gazetteer/2018_gaz_counties_12.txt
  2. Web site: County Commission. www.broward.org.
  3. Web site: By blocking mayor vote, Broward embraces business as usual, again | Editorial. June 17, 2020 .
  4. Web site: County Commission County Commission.
  5. Web site: Pine Island Ridge Natural Area. November 12, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180710225220/http://www.broward.org/Parks/PineIslandRidge/Pages/Default.aspx. July 10, 2018. dead .
  6. Sea level at the Atlantic Ocean.
  7. Web site: P2: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT ... - Census Bureau Table . P2 | HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE . U.S. Census Bureau . June 14, 2023 .
  8. Web site: County Population Totals and Components of Change: 2020-2022 . County Population Totals: 2020-2022 . U.S. Census Bureau . June 14, 2023 . March 30, 2023 .
  9. Web site: Gross Domestic Product: All Industries in Broward County, FL . fred.stlouisfed.org.
  10. Web site: Racial and Ethnic Diversity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census . Racial and Ethnic Diversity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census . U.S. Census Bureau . August 29, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210829185707/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/racial-and-ethnic-diversity-in-the-united-states-2010-and-2020-census.html . August 29, 2021 . August 12, 2021 . live.
  11. Web site: Gross Domestic Product by County and Metropolitan Area, 2022. . www.bea.gov.
  12. Book: Parks, Arva Moore . Miami: The Magic City . 1991 . Centennial Press . Miami. 0-9629402-2-4 . 12 .
  13. Web site: Miami Circle to Brickell Avenue – From Native to NOW! – HistoryMiami Museum. www.historymiami.org. November 12, 2018. February 14, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120214221136/http://www.historymiami.org/visit/miami-circle. dead.
  14. Web site: broward county history . Greater Fort Lauderdale . October 2, 2015 . October 2, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151002192702/http://www.sunny.org/history/ . dead .
  15. Web site: Broward County History | See The Historical Timeline from 1400 BC. www.sunny.org.
  16. https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/fl190090.txt
  17. Web site: Our Organization. November 2, 2015.
  18. Web site: 40th Anniversary of Snow in South Florida . 2024-07-09 . weather.gov.
  19. Web site: TPC NHC HURRICANE ANDREW. www.nhc.noaa.gov.
  20. Web site: U.S. Census website. U. S. Census. Bureau. United States Census Bureau. November 12, 2018.
  21. Web site: About West Park . November 12, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181113031332/https://web.cityofwestpark.net/residents/about-west-park . November 13, 2018 . dead .
  22. Web site: Wilma. NOAA. US Department of Commerce. www.weather.gov.
  23. Web site: Spencer . Terry . October 13, 2022 . Parkland school shooter spared from execution for killing 17 . March 3, 2023 . Associated Press . en.
  24. News: Why some Floridians want to rename Broward County, Plantation and Lee County. June 19, 2020. August 27, 2021. The Miami Herald.
  25. Web site: US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990. United States Census Bureau. April 23, 2011. February 12, 2011.
  26. http://www.fiu.edu/~whitmand/Courses/Fl_geo_notes.html Notes on Florida Geography, Florida International University
  27. Web site: Tire reef off Florida proves a disaster - U.S. news - Environment - NBC News . NBC News . February 16, 2007 . August 1, 2010 .
  28. Web site: H1 | OCCUPANCY STATUS . H1: OCCUPANCY STATUS - Census Bureau Table . U.S. Census Bureau . June 14, 2023 .
  29. Web site: P12 | SEX BY AGE FOR SELECTED AGE CATEGORIES . P12: SEX BY AGE FOR SELECTED ... - Census Bureau Table . U.S. Census Bureau . June 14, 2023 .
  30. Web site: P13 | MEDIAN AGE BY SEX . P13: MEDIAN AGE BY SEX - Census Bureau Table . U.S. Census Bureau . June 14, 2023 .
  31. Web site: H1 | OCCUPANCY STATUS . H1: OCCUPANCY STATUS - Census Bureau Table . U.S. Census Bureau . June 14, 2023 .
  32. Web site: P12 | SEX BY AGE . P12: SEX BY AGE - Census Bureau Table . U.S. Census Bureau . June 14, 2023 .
  33. Web site: P13 | MEDIAN AGE BY SEX . P13: MEDIAN AGE BY SEX - Census Bureau Table . U.S. Census Bureau . June 14, 2023 .
  34. Web site: H003 | OCCUPANCY STATUS [3] ]. H003: OCCUPANCY STATUS [3] - Census Bureau Table . U.S. Census Bureau . June 14, 2023 .
  35. Web site: P012 | SEX BY AGE [49] ]. P012: SEX BY AGE [49] - Census Bureau Table . U.S. Census Bureau . June 14, 2023 .
  36. Web site: P013 | MEDIAN AGE BY SEX [3] ]. P13: MEDIAN AGE BY SEX [3] - Census Bureau Table . U.S. Census Bureau . June 14, 2023 .
  37. Web site: General Population Characteristics FLORIDA 1980 Census of Population . 07553445v1chA-Cpt11sec1ch002.pdf . U.S. Census Bureau . June 14, 2023.
  38. Web site: S2001: EARNINGS IN THE PAST 12 ... - Census Bureau Table . S2001 | EARNINGS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2022 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS) . U.S. Census Bureau . December 8, 2023.
  39. Web site: S1901: INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ... - Census Bureau Table . S1901 | INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2022 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS) . U.S. Census Bureau . December 8, 2023.
  40. Web site: S1701: POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST ... - Census Bureau Table . S1701 | POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS . U.S. Census Bureau . December 8, 2023.
  41. Web site: S1501: EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT - Census Bureau Table . S1501 | EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT . U.S. Census Bureau . December 8, 2023.
  42. Web site: PCT010: AGE BY LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT ... - Census Bureau Table . PCT010 | AGE BY LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME FOR THE POPULATION 5 YEARS AND OVER [83] . U.S. Census Bureau . June 14, 2023 .
  43. Web site: 1990 Census of Population General Social and Economic Characteristics Florida Section 1 of 3 . Florida: 1990, Part 1 . U.S. Census Bureau . June 14, 2023.
  44. Web site: General Social and Economic Characteristics FLORIDA 1980 Census of Population . U.S. Census Bureau . June 14, 2023.
  45. Web site: P021: PLACE OF BIRTH BY CITIZENSHIP ... - Census Bureau Table . P021 | PLACE OF BIRTH BY CITIZENSHIP STATUS [15] . U.S. Census Bureau . June 14, 2023 .
  46. Web site: PCT019: PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE ... - Census Bureau Table . PCT019 | PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION [126] . U.S. Census Bureau . June 14, 2023 .
  47. Web site: What's New at The Body, November 23, 2005 . Thebody.com . August 1, 2010.
  48. Web site: Nan Rich sworn in as Broward County mayor, Beam Furr as vice mayor - WSVN 7News | Miami News, Weather, Sports | Fort Lauderdale . November 28, 2023 .
  49. Web site: Broward Commissioners select new mayor, vice mayor . . November 29, 2022 .
  50. Web site: Michael Udine appointed new mayor of Broward County. November 16, 2021.
  51. Web site: Steve Geller named Broward County mayor. November 17, 2020.
  52. Web site: New mayor elected for Broward County. November 19, 2019 .
  53. News: Mark Bogen chosen as new Broward mayor. November 27, 2018. August 3, 2019. Sun Sentinel.
  54. News: Broward County gets new mayor after outgoing leader touts accomplishments. November 28, 2017. August 3, 2019. Sun Sentinel.
  55. Web site: Archived copy . February 4, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200204211042/https://www.broward.org/Charter/Documents/BC-Charter.pdf . February 4, 2020 . dead .
  56. Web site: Broward Sheriff's Office - About the Broward Sheriff's Office . Broward County Sheriff's Office. April 23, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180221180011/https://www.sheriff.org/Pages/About-Us.aspx . February 21, 2018 . live.
  57. https://www.sheriff.org/Pages/Sheriff/View-Message.aspx?id=81
  58. Book: 978-1594605840 . Out of the Muck: A History of the Broward Sheriff's Office, 1915-2000 . Cahill . William P. . Jarvis . Robert M. . 2010 . Carolina Academic Press .
  59. Web site: BSO trying to track down its history. Sun Sentinel. April 7, 2014 .
  60. Web site: Scott Israel Sworn In As Broward Sheriff. CBS News. January 8, 2013.
  61. Web site: Attorneys for ex-Broward sheriff claim 'brutal political ploy'. June 18, 2019. Mary Ellen Klas. Gainesville Sun.
  62. Web site: Executive order 19-14; Executive Order of Suspension. January 11, 2019. Ron DeSantis . www.flgov.com . April 23, 2020.
  63. http://www.sptimes.com/2002/04/28/news_pf/State/Broward_Power.shtml State:Broward Power
  64. http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/politics/elections/orl-elections-nationalmap-ap,0,5015729.htmlpage 2008 General Election Results
  65. Web site: U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Broward County, Florida. www.census.gov.
  66. Web site: Voter Registration - By County and Party - Division of Elections - Florida Department of State. dos.myflorida.com.
  67. Broward Legal Directory, Broward County Florida Laws and Ordinances, accessed February 21, 2021
  68. Broward County, Finance and Administration Services Department, Cone of Silence, accessed January 16, 2020
  69. Board of County Commissioners, Ordinance No. 2004-31, enacted August 24, 2004, accessed February 21, 2021
  70. "Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport > Business > Tenant Directory ." Broward County. Retrieved on December 17, 2011. "1100 Lee Wagener Blvd. Fort Lauderdale, FL33315"
  71. "Contact Us ." Gulfstream International Airlines. Retrieved on December 17, 2011. "1100 Lee Wagener Blvd, Suite 201 Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33315."
  72. "Zoning Map ." City of Dania Beach. Retrieved on May 12, 2010.
  73. "Contact Us." Locair. Retrieved on June 19, 2010. "Locair, Inc. 268 SW 33rd St. Fort Lauderdale, FL 33315"
  74. Web site: Spirit Airlines Unveils New Spirit Central Campus in Dania Beach, Florida . 2024-07-31 . ir.spirit.com . en-US.
  75. Web site: August 1, 2011 . Spirit Airlines – History . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160923161824/https://www.spirit.com/Content/Documents/en-US/Spirit%20Airlines%20History.pdf . September 23, 2016 . July 31, 2024 . Spirit Airlines, Inc..
  76. "Administration." Chalk's International Airlines. March 31, 2004. Retrieved on December 17, 2011. "Chalk's International Airlines 704 SW 34th Street Ft Lauderdale, Fl. 33315"
  77. "Contact Us." Bimini Island Air. Retrieved on July 12, 2011. "Bimini Island Air, Inc./Ltd. 3000 NW 59 Street Fort Lauderdale, FL 33309"
  78. Web site: July 29, 2022 . cp12011 . 2017 . 2017 Census - State and County Profiles - Florida - Broward County . United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service (USDA NASS) .
  79. Web site: 2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Broward County, FL. U.S. Census Bureau. July 31, 2022. - Text list
  80. Web site: Broward County Transit. www.broward.org. en. February 7, 2020.
  81. Web site: Library. www.broward.org. en. February 7, 2020.
  82. Web site: Ft. Lauderdale Antique Car Museum. January 29, 2019. antiquecarmuseum.net. November 7, 2017. April 11, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170411135535/https://www.antiquecarmuseum.net/. dead.
  83. Web site: Plantation Historical MUseum. January 29, 2019. plantation.org. November 7, 2017. June 6, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170606104139/http://www.plantation.org/Museum/. dead.
  84. Web site: Wiener Museum of Decorative Arts. January 29, 2019. wmoda.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20171108093855/http://wmoda.com/. November 8, 2017. dead.
  85. Web site: Park . Everglades Holiday . Everglades Airboat Tours Airboat Tours and Rides . April 13, 2022 . www.evergladesholidaypark.com . en.
  86. Web site: South Florida Beach Dive Sites. Sink, Florida, Sink!. February 24, 2013.
  87. Web site: More spring tourists filling hotels. Sun Sentinel. April 21, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150506105306/http://www.sun-sentinel.com/business/tourism/fl-spring-travel-2015-20150320-story.html. May 6, 2015. dead.
  88. Web site: TOTAL PASSENGERS (ARRIVING + DEPARTING) – Monthly Stats . broward.org . December 2016 . May 19, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170212092748/http://www.broward.org/Airport/About/Documents/Monthlystatsdecember2016.pdf . February 12, 2017 . dead.
  89. Web site: Topic Galleries - South Florida . Sun-sentinel.com . August 1, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090629070433/http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/local/broward/sfl-interstate-595-greenway-b062509%2C0%2C3474616.story . June 29, 2009 .
  90. Web site: Welcome To Broward County Greenways . Broward.org . August 1, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080925042551/http://www.broward.org/greenways/ . September 25, 2008 . dead .
  91. Web site: Topic Galleries . OrlandoSentinel.com . December 18, 2012 .
  92. Web site: United States Census Bureau: QuickFacts . . November 30, 2021.
  93. Web site: U.S. Decennial Census . United States Census Bureau. August 29, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210829184404/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html. August 29, 2021. live.
  94. News: Broward's Annexation Drive Set to Begin. Hulse. Carl. June 16, 1985. South Florida Sun Sentinel. November 17, 2019.
  95. News: Unincorporated Areas Not an Easy Issue to Resolve. Jackson. David. November 13, 1985. South Florida Sun Sentinel. November 15, 2019.
  96. Web site: Broward Delegation Annexation Policy. August 2001. November 17, 2019.
  97. News: Annexation push leaves some behind. Ortega. Juan. October 21, 2007. South Florida Sun Sentinel. November 15, 2019.
  98. Web site: Broward Municipal Services District. 2018. November 17, 2019.
  99. Web site: Municipal Services District. June 2016. Broward County. November 15, 2019. July 29, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160729031421/http://www.broward.org/Planning/FormsPublications/Documents/BMSD2016.pdf. dead.