Bromheadia finlaysoniana explained

Bromheadia finlaysoniana, commonly known as the pale reed orchid[1] and as Bromheadia pulchra in Australia,[2] is a plant in the orchid family and is native to areas from Indochina to northern Australia. It is a terrestrial orchid with a tough upright, stem and stiffly spreading, elliptic to egg-shaped leaves. There is a long flowering stem with a short zig-zag section near the end where single flowers open in succession. The flowers are white with a yellow labellum.

Description

Bromheadia finlaysoniana is a terrestrial, evergreen herb with flattened yellowish stems NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 long with tough, stiffly spreading elliptic to egg-shaped leaves NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 long and NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 wide. The flowering stems is NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 long with a short zig-zag end where up to seventy five single white flowers open in succession. The flowers are NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 long, NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 wide and are pinkish on the outside. The sepals are elliptic to egg-shaped, NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 long and NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 wide and the petals are egg-shaped and a similar length but broader than the sepals. The labellum is pale yellow, about 21sigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 long and 15sigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 wide and has three lobes, the side lobes erect. Flowering occurs between June and March in Australia and as late as October in New Guinea.[3]

Taxonomy and naming

The pale reed orchid was first formally described in 1833 by John Lindley who gave it the name Grammatophyllum finlaysonianum and published the description in his book The genera and species of Orchidaceous plants.[4] In 1859, Friedrich Miquel changed the name to Bromheadia Finlaysoniana. The specific epithet (finlaysoniana) honours George Finlayson who collected the type specimen.[5]

Distribution and habitat

Bromheadia finlaysoniana has a wide distribution that includes Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, the Malay Peninsula, Singapore, Sumatra, Borneo, Brunei, the Moluccas, New Guinea, the Cape York Peninsula in Queensland, the Anambas Islands and possibly the Philippines, although it's uncertain whether the specimens referred to the Philippines were actually collected there.[6] It grows in wet areas, usually near streams, 0–200 metres altitude.[7] In Queensland, B. finlaysoniana grows from the top of the Cape York Peninsula in the north to Hopevale in the south.

A cDNA for the enzyme dihydroflavonol 4-reductase has been cloned from B. finlaysoniana.[8]

Notes and References

  1. Book: Jones. David L.. A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. 2006. New Holland. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.. 1877069124. 353.
  2. Web site: Bromheadia pulchra. APNI. 7 September 2018.
  3. Web site: Bromheadia finlaysoniana . Orchids of New Guinea . 7 September 2018.
  4. Book: Lindley . John . The genera and species of Orchidaceous plants . 1833 . Ridgways . London . 173 . 7 September 2018.
  5. Book: Wiart . Christophe . Medicinal plants of China, Korea, and Japan : bioresources for tomorrow's drugs and cosmetics . 2012 . CRC Press . Boca Raton, Florida . 9781439899113 . 95.
  6. Kruizinga . Jacob . van Scheindelen . H. J. . de Vogel . E.F. . Revision of the genus Bromheadia (Orchidaceae) . Orchid Monographs . 1997 . 8 . 1 . 79–118, figures 29–55, plates 4b-5b.
  7. Beasley, J. 2009. Plants of Cape York: The Compact Guide. John Beasley, Kuranda, Qld., Australia. p. 166. .
  8. The isolation, molecular characterization and expression of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase cDNA in the orchid, Bromheadia finlaysoniana. Chye-Fong Liew, Chiang-Shiong Loh, Chong-Jin Goh and Saw-Hoon Lim, Plant Science, Volume 135, Issue 2, 10 July 1998, Pages 161–169,