Broadway (Los Angeles) Explained

Broadway Theater and
Commercial District (NRHP)
Broadway Theater and
Entertainment District
(City of Los Angeles)
Nrhp Type:hd
Location:300—849 S. Broadway
Los Angeles, California
Coordinates:34.0467°N -118.2511°W
Nocat:yes
Architect:Multiple
Architecture:Early Commercial, Late 19th And 20th Century Revivals, Art Deco
Added:May 9, 1979
Refnum:79000484
Location:Los Angeles
Broadway
Maint:
Length Mi:17.75
Inauguration Date:1890
Direction A:South
Terminus A:Main Street in Carson
Direction B:Northeast
Terminus B:Mission Road in Los Angeles
Junction:

Broadway, until 1890 Fort Street, is a thoroughfare in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The portion of Broadway from 3rd to 9th streets, in the Historic Core of Downtown Los Angeles, was the city's main commercial street from the 1910s until World War II, and is the location of the Broadway Theater and Commercial District, the first and largest historic theater district listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).[1] With twelve movie palaces located along a six-block stretch of Broadway, it is the only large concentration of movie palaces left in the United States.

Route

South Broadway's southern terminus is Main Street just north of the San Diego Freeway (I-405) in Carson. From there it runs 10miles north through Athens and South Los Angeles to Downtown Los Angeles – at Olympic Blvd. entering downtown's Historic Core, in which the buildings lining Broadway form the Broadway Theater and Commercial District. Crossing 3rd Street, Broadway passes through the Civic Center including Grand Park. After crossing the US-101 (Santa Ana Freeway), signs read "North Broadway" as it enters Chinatown. It then curves northeast, passing through old railyards, crosses the Golden State Fwy. (I-5) and heads due east to its terminus at Mission Road in Lincoln Heights.

History

Founding and extension

Broadway, one of the oldest streets in the city, was laid out as part of the 1849 plan of Los Angeles made by Lieutenant Edward Ord and named Fort Street. Fort Street began at the south side of Fort Moore Hill (a block north of Temple Street) at Sand Street (later California Street).

In 1890, the name of Fort Street, from 1st Street to 10th Street, was changed to Broadway. The rest of Fort Street, from California Street to 1st Street, was changed to North Broadway.[2] [3]

Proposal for opening Broadway through to Buena Vista Street (now North Broadway), and extending the street south into what was then part of Main Street, below Tenth Street, in order to give a continuous, wide thoroughfare from the southern city limits to the Eastside, was made as early as February 1891.[4]

The Broadway Tunnel under Fort Moore Hill was opened in 1901, extending North Broadway to Buena Vista Street at Bellevue Avenue (later Sunset Boulevard, now Cesar Chavez Avenue). A section of Broadway in South Los Angeles was originally named Moneta Avenue until 1923.[5]

In 1909, construction on a bridge across the Los Angeles River was begun to connect Buena Vista Street to Downey Avenue, which ran from the river to Mission Road. The names of Buena Vista and Downey were then changed to North Broadway,[6] [7] [8] but not without significant objections from affected residents and landowners.[9] [10] [11] [12] The bridge, which continued to be referred to as the Buena Vista Street Bridge for a good while, was opened to traffic in late September 1911.[13]

Los Angeles' central commercial and entertainment street

See also: History of Retail in Southern California. For more than 50 years, Broadway from 1st Street to Olympic Boulevard was the main commercial street of Los Angeles, and one of its premier theater and movie palace districts as well. It contains a vast number of historic buildings and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Prior to the turn of the 20th century, the city's Central Business District was further north, along Spring and Main streets between the Plaza and 2nd Street. In 1895 J.W. Robinson's opened what was then considered a very large and impressive four-story department store at 239 S. Broadway,[14] [15] signaling of the shift over the next decade and a half of the main shopping district to Broadway below 2nd Street.

Retail hub

From around 1905 through the 1950s, Broadway was considered the center of the city, where residents went to ornate movie palaces and live theaters, and shopped at major department stores and shops. See the Table of department stores on Broadway and Seventh streets below.

The square footage of the four largest department stores alone — Bullock's at 806000square feet, The Broadway at 577000square feet,[16] May Co. at over 1000000square feet[17] and J. W. Robinson's (7th St. at Hope) at 623700square feet[18] [19] — totaled over three million square feet, the size of American Dream Meadowlands, America's largest mall today.

Among dozens of significant buildings from that era are the Bradbury Building, Ace Hotel Los Angeles, and the Los Angeles Examiner building designed by Julia Morgan.

Some of the movie theaters on the street fell into disuse and disrepair, some were replaced with parking lots, but many have been repurposed and/or restored. The department stores closed in the 1970s and 1980s, but Broadway has been the premier shopping destination for working class Latinos for decades.[20]

Theater District

NRHP refers to the district as the Broadway Theater and Commercial District, while the City of Los Angeles Planning Department refers to the Broadway Theater and Entertainment District.[21]

Highest concentration of movie palaces in the world

Stretching for six blocks from Third to Ninth Streets, the district includes 12 movie theaters built between 1910 and 1931. By 1931, the district had the highest concentration of cinemas in the world, with seating capacity for more than 15,000 patrons. Broadway was the hub of L.A.'s entertainment scene – a place where "screen goddesses and guys in fedoras rubbed elbows with Army nurses and aircraft pioneers." In 2006, the Los Angeles Times wrote:

"There was a time, long ago, when the streets of downtown Los Angeles were awash in neon—thanks to a confluence of movie theaters the world had never seen before. Dozens of theaters screened Hollywood's latest fare, played host to star-studded premieres and were filled nightly with thousands of moviegoers. In those days, before World War II, downtown L.A. was the movie capital of the world."[22]

Columnist Jack Smith called it "the only large concentration of vintage movie theaters left in America."[23] Smith recalled growing up a mile from Broadway and spending his Saturdays in the theaters:

"I remember walking into those opulent interiors, surrounded by the glory of the Renaissance, or the age of Baroque, and spending two or three hours in the dream world of the movies. When I came out again the sky blazed; the heat bounced off the sidewalk, traffic sounds filled the street, I was back in the hard reality of the Depression.[23]

Because Broadway has been used as a filming location for decades, many of these theatre marquees can be seen in classic Hollywood films, including Safety Last! (1923), D.O.A. (1950), The Omega Man (1971), Blade Runner (1982), and The Artist (2011).[24] [25]

Revitalization by Spanish-language cinema

In the years after World War II, the district began to decline, as first-run movie-goers shifted to the movie palaces in Hollywood, in Westwood Village, and later to suburban multiplexes. After World War II, as Anglo moviegoers moved to the suburbs, many of the Broadway movie palaces became venues for Spanish-language movies and variety shows. In 1988, the Los Angeles Times noted that, without the Hispanic community, "Broadway would be dead." Jack Smith wrote that Broadway had been "rescued and revitalized" by "the Latino renaissance."[23]

Preservation and renovation efforts

The district has been the subject of preservation and restoration efforts since the 1980s. In 1987, the Los Angeles Conservancy started a program called "Last Remaining Seats" in which the old movie palaces were opened each summer to show classic Hollywood movies. In 1994, the Conservancy's associate director, Gregg Davidson, noted: "When we started this, the naysayers said no one will go downtown to an old theater to see an old movie in the middle of the summer, but we get a number of people who have never seen a movie in a theater with a balcony. The older people (go) for nostalgia. And the movie people—seeing a classic film on a big screen is a different experience."[26] After attending a Conservancy screening, one writer noted: "The other night I went to the movies and was transported to a world of powdered wigs and hoop skirts, a rococo fantasy of gilded cherubs and crystal chandeliers. And then the film started."

Despite preservation efforts, many of the theaters have been converted to other uses, including flea markets and churches. The Broadway movie palaces fell victim to a number of circumstances, including changing demographics and tastes, a downtown location that was perceived as dangerous at night, and high maintenance costs for aging facilities. With the closure of the State Theater in 1998, the Orpheum and the Palace were the only two still screening films.

In 2006, the Los Angeles Times wrote: "Of all of L.A.'s many hidden gems, maybe none is as sparkling nor as hidden as the Broadway theater district downtown."[27] Bemoaning the possible loss of such gems, the same writer noted: "L.A. gave birth to the movies. To lose the astonishing nurseries where the medium grew up would be tragic."[27]

Broadway since 2008

In 2008, the City of Los Angeles launched a $40-million campaign to revitalize the Broadway district, known as the "Bringing Back Broadway" campaign. Some Latino merchants in the district expressed concern that the campaign was an effort to spread the largely Anglo gentrification taking hold in other parts of downtown to an area that has become the city's leading Latino shopping district.[28] A worker at one of the district's bridal shops noted, "On one side, I like the idea. The only thing is that I don't think they want our types of businesses."[28]

The Downtown's real estate revitalization, using the City's adaptive reuse ordinance that makes it easier for developers to convert outmoded and/or vacant office and commercial buildings into residential buildings, has reached the Broadway Historic District. It includes the transformation of the United Artists Theater office tower into the Ace Hotel Los Angeles, and restoration of its movie palace.

The Bringing Back Broadway commission is working on further reviving the landmark Los Angeles boulevard in the historic district. Led by City Councilman Jose Huizar, the commission has recommended widening sidewalks, eliminating traffic lanes, constructing new parking structures, and bringing back streetcar service reminiscent of the street's past.[29] A pedestrian-friendly project finished up in December 2014 that widened the sidewalks and replaced the parking lane with planters, chairs and round cafe tables with bright-red umbrellas. The Great Streets Initiative seeks to bolster the street-level health of the city by making several dozen boulevards more hospitable to pedestrians, cyclists and small businesses. Mayor Eric Garcetti said the effort represents "a shift from the way that our neighborhoods have been planned in Los Angeles," with a new focus on "walkability and transit."[30]

Broadway retail is transitioning from a broad mix of stores catering to Hispanic immigrants and a burgeoning sneaker and streetwear retail cluster has emerged from 4th to 9th streets: Sneaker Row.[31]

Retail in and around the Eastern Columbia, located at the intersection of 9th Street & Broadway, has proliferated in recent years with the opening of Acne Studios, Oak NYC, Aesop, Tanner Goods, BNKR, Austere, A.P.C., and Urban Outfitters located in the Rialto Theater (Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument No. 472).[32] [33]

Buildings and sites

All landmarks in geographic order, north to south:

North of Hollywood Freeway

Hollywood Freeway to Temple

This area south to Second Street is now the Civic Center, as well as the site of the Central Business District during the 1880s and 1890s)

Third to Fourth

South of the intersection of Third and Broadway, sites of interest include:

West side

East side

Fourth to Fifth streets

West side

East side

Fifth to Sixth streets

West side

East side

Sixth to Seventh streets

West side

Southwest corner of Sixth and Broadway
600 block of Broadway, west side

Next to what is now the Jevne building on the south at 609–619 S. Broadway were several buildings in succession:

East side

Seventh to Eighth streets

West side

East side

Globe Theatre (1913, 1,900 seats) – Legitimate theater – Located at 744 S. Broadway, the Globe opened in 1913 as the Morosco Theatre, with a seating capacity of 782. Built for impresario Oliver Morosco and designed by the architectural firm of Morgan, Walls & Morgan, it was used for full-scale live dramatic theater. It was converted into a movie theater during the Great Depression and later served as a Spanish-language movie theater. The building was converted into a swap meet in 1987.[1], construction to restore it to use as an entertainment venue is ongoing.[72] The restored marquee was relit June 24, 2014.[73] The Globe is now a multipurpose space for music, theatrical events and films. Current capacity: 2,000.

Eighth to Ninth streets

West side

East side

Ninth to Tenth streets

West side

United Artists Theater

South of Olympic Boulevard (originally Tenth Street)

West side

East side

Other surviving theaters adjacent to Broadway

Street grid

South of Third Street

Public transportation

The Los Angeles Metro Rail's Historic Broadway station is an underground light rail station near the intersection of 2nd and Broadway,[91] [92] which is served by the E Line east to East Los Angeles and west to Santa Monica, and on the A Line northeast to Union Station, Pasadena, and Azusa and south to Long Beach.[93]

Metro J Line bus rapid transit (BRT) has 5 stations adjacent to Broadway in South Los Angeles: 37th Street/USC, Slauson, Manchester/I-110, Harbor Freeway, and Rosecrans. These stations are along the Harbor Transitway, a dedicated busway between Downtown L.A. (Adams Blvd.) and the Harbor Gateway, near Carson, in the median of the Harbor Freeway (I-110), just west of Broadway. J Line BRT runs as far south as San Pedro and as far northeast as El Monte.

Metro Local bus line 45 serves most of the length of Broadway, between Lincoln Heights through Downtown to the Harbor Freeway Station. Local routes 4, 30, and 40 serve portions of Broadway downtown.

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Sandra A.B. Levis. Broadway Historic Theater District: A walking tour sponsored by the Los Angeles Conservancy. Los Angeles Conservancy.
  2. News: City In Brief. . . September 6, 1889 . 8 . . subscription . .
  3. News: Other 3 -- No Title . . February 18, 1890 . 4 . . subscription . .
  4. News: Sou', Sou'west. . . February 26, 1891 . 4 . . subscription . .
  5. News: Realtors Want New Boulevard: Ask Supervisors for Route Connecting Moneta Avenue With Harbor . . December 10, 1922 . V9 . . subscription . .
  6. News: A Literary Fog. . . November 30, 1909 . II4 . . subscription . .
  7. News: The Lancer . . January 22, 1911 . II5 . . subscription . .
  8. News: Downey And Buena Vista Will Be North Broadway . . September 19, 1908 . 35 . 353 . . California Digital Newspaper Collection.
  9. News: Object to Changing Name . . January 14, 1905 . 32 . 105 . . California Digital Newspaper Collection.
  10. News: Buena Vista Street Will Continue Name: Will Not Be Changed to North Broadway . . May 27, 1905 . 32 . 238 . . California Digital Newspaper Collection.
  11. News: Object to Merger Of Downey Avenue . . October 25, 1908 . 36 . 24 . . California Digital Newspaper Collection.
  12. News: East Side Residents, Prefer Downey Avenue . . April 19, 1910 . 37 . 200 . . California Digital Newspaper Collection.
  13. News: Majestic; Great Viaduct About Ready; Cars Run Over the Buena Vista Structure; Concrete Bridge Across Los Angeles River Weighs Nearly Forty Thousand Tons, Cost Two Hundred and Seventy-five Thousand Dollars - Without a Peer in West. . . September 24, 1911 . II1 . . subscription . .
  14. News: The Boston Dry Goods Store . 3 May 2019 . Los Angeles Times . 1 January 1895 . 29.
  15. News: The New Boston Store:Los Angeles' Finest Commercial Structure Is Complete . Los Angeles Herald . 4 October 1895 . 5.
  16. News: Framework is now finished: Construction Started Late Last Fall: Additional Will Be Completed During July: Department Store Growth Is Consistent . May 26, 2020 . Los Angeles Times . March 23, 1924 . 91.
  17. News: Clipped From Los Angeles Herald. Los Angeles Herald. April 15, 1906. 20. newspapers.com.
  18. Web site: 11 Jan 1923, 27 - The Los Angeles Times at Newspapers.com. Newspapers.com.
  19. pcad.lib.washington.edu/building/9453/
  20. News: DiMassa . Cara . Bloomekatz . Ari B. . amp . L.A. plans Broadway face-lift . . B1, B8 . January 28, 2008 .
  21. Web site: Broadway Theater and Entertainment District Design Guide, City of Los Angeles Planning Department, 2009. May 20, 2019. April 19, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170419103114/http://planning.lacity.org/complan/othrplan/pdf/broadway.pdf. dead.
  22. News: Cara Mia DiMassa. Movie Tradition Fading to Black; Seventy years after its neon heyday, downtown Los Angeles is struggling to keep its last cinematic venue afloat. Los Angeles Times. February 17, 2006 . .
  23. News: Jack . Smith . Los Angeles Theater: Flashback to yesteryear ... and a Latino renaissance on Broadway . Los Angeles Times . September 30, 1986 . .
  24. Web site: D.O.A. (1949) - IMDb. www.imdb.com.
  25. Web site: The Omega Man (1971) - IMDb. www.imdb.com.
  26. News: Robert . Levine . Silent Screens: Encore for Carter, Old Movie District . Los Angeles Times . June 12, 1994 . .
  27. News: Dan . Turner . Our So-Cal Life: Faded glory on Broadway . Los Angeles Times . June 11, 2006 . .
  28. News: Cara . DiMassa . L.A. plans Broadway face-lift . Los Angeles Times. January 28, 2008 .
  29. Web site: Bringing Back Broadway . City of Los Angeles . . .
  30. News: Hawthorne . Christopher . December 6, 2014 . 'Latino Urbanism' influences a Los Angeles in flux . Los Angeles Times.
  31. Web site: Must Reads: Downtown L.A.'s latest retail renaissance? Broadway's burgeoning 'Sneaker Row' . December 8, 2018 . Los Angeles Times . Ronald D. . White.
  32. Web site: Jose Huizar - Councilmember District 14, City of Los Angeles . Councilmember Huizar's Bringing Back Broadway Initiative Welcomes Acne Retail . May 18, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150923194556/http://www.bringingbackbroadway.com/stellent/groups/electedofficials/@bbb_contributor/documents/contributor_web_content/lacityp_026602.pdf . September 23, 2015 . dead .
  33. Web site: . Inside Downtown Los Angeles's Retail Boom . Lauren . Sherman . December 2, 2014.
  34. News: Jacoby Bros. ad . 22 May 2019 . Los Angeles Times . November 28, 1899.
  35. News: Will Go Up Rapidly: Work on the Jacoby Building Was Begun Today: Most of the Material for the Big Business Structure Is Already on the Ground . Los Angeles Evening Post-Record . September 1, 1899 . 1 . Architect John Parkinson.
  36. News: Boston Store Los Angeles 1939 - 331 S. Broadway (old Jacoby Bros.) and 4755 Whittier Blvd.. The Los Angeles Times. November 6, 1939. 10. newspapers.com.
  37. Web site: Water and Power Associates.
  38. News: New Cloak and Suit House . Los Angeles Times . January 22, 1905.
  39. News: New York Store's Life Dream Comes True: J. J. Haggarty Ready to Open New Emporium at Seventh and Grand Tomorrow . Los Angeles Evening Express. September 19, 1917.
  40. News: Moving to Broadway: J. M. Hale Co. Go to Petticoat Lane . Los Angeles Evening Express . January 23, 1909 . 4.
  41. Web site: Los Angeles Herald 7 March 1921 — California Digital Newspaper Collection. cdnc.ucr.edu.
  42. News: The Grant Block . Los Angeles Times . February 13, 1898.
  43. News: To be enlarged . Los Angeles Times . May 4, 1902.
  44. Web site: PCAD - Grant Building, Downtown, Los Angeles, CA. pcad.lib.washington.edu.
  45. Web site: Los Angeles Herald 1 September 1908 — California Digital Newspaper Collection. cdnc.ucr.edu.
  46. News: Wetherby(sic)-Kayser Co. Leases $500,000 Broadway Building . 22 April 2024 . Los Angeles Evening Express . 16 June 1924 . 23.
  47. Web site: Brief History of the Consulate . Philippine Consulate General in Los Angeles . . October 18, 2021.
  48. Web site: 318-320 S Broadway, Los Angeles, CA 90013 – Retail for Sale | LoopNet.com. LoopNet.
  49. Web site: Application form for Broadway Theater and Commercial District, National Register of Historic Places.
  50. Web site: National Register of Historic Places Inventory -- Nomination Form. live. May 22, 2021. npgallery.nps.gov. https://web.archive.org/web/20190902005226/https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/d41bca98-3f44-45c2-b049-ad3bce5f4c01 . September 2, 2019 .
  51. News: Mistitled: 365 S. Broadway (see detailed description at source) . USC Library.
  52. Web site: PCAD - Johnson, O.T., Commercial Building #2, Downtown, Los Angeles, CA. pcad.lib.washington.edu.
  53. "Muse President Fifth Street Store", Los Angeles 'Herald', 1909-02-07
  54. "Big Department Store To Open", Los Angeles 'Herald', 1905-09-17
  55. News: Store's Name Now Milliron's . Los Angeles Times . May 2, 1946.
  56. News: Thousands at opening of new Ohrbach store . Los Angeles Times . December 1, 1953 . 18.
  57. Book: Historic-Cultural Monument Application for the F. and W. Grand Silver Store Building . October 2017 . Los Angeles Department of City Planning .
  58. News: New Home for Jevne Company . Los Angeles Evening Express . January 25, 1906 . 15.
  59. News: Work is Rapid on Hotel Palms . Los Angeles Herald . October 14, 1906.
  60. News: New Department Store Opens Doors to Public . Los Angeles Herald . March 26, 1907 . 4.
  61. News: Meer Siegel Takes Lease . 1 May 2019 . Los Angeles Times . 24 June 1934.
  62. News: Dan . Sullivan. L.A.'s Grand Old Broadway Theaters. Los Angeles Times. August 21, 1988. .
  63. Web site: About the Broadway Theatre Group. August 16, 2015.
  64. News: Ad for Desmond's Downtown LA Removal Sale . Los Angeles Times . February 10, 1972 . 7.
  65. Vincent, Roger. "Historic home of clothier Desmond's is ready for its comeback on Broadway". latimes.com. Retrieved on 16 April 2019.
  66. Web site: Los Angeles Union Station Run-through Tracks Project: Environmental Impact Statement. May 18, 2004. Google Books.
  67. News: Harris & Frank advertisement . 7 May 2019 . Los Angeles Times . January 17, 1980.
  68. Web site: State Theatre and Building Los Angeles Conservancy. www.laconservancy.org. en. 2017-07-26.
  69. Book: Samudio . Jeffrey . Lee . Portia . Images of America: Los Angeles, California . trade paperback . 2001 . Arcadia Publishing . Chicago, IL . 0-7385-0812-8 . 106.
  70. News: John . Regardie. State of Darkness: Another Movie Palace Quits Screening Films. Los Angeles Downtown News. November 2, 1998.
  71. Web site: State Theatre | Broadway Theatre Group. www.statetheatre.la.
  72. News: Checking out Broadway's old theaters of the superb. Pool. Bob. January 25, 2014. Los Angeles Times. June 30, 2014.
  73. News: Globe Theatre Marquee on Broadway Relit. Pennacchio. George. June 25, 2014. KABC-TV. June 30, 2014.
  74. Book: Lord, Rosemary . Los Angeles: Then and Now . 2002 . Thunder Bay Press . San Diego, CA . 1-57145-794-1 . 32–33 .
  75. Web site: At the historic downtown L.A. Tower Theatre, Apple plans a store and event space unlike any other. August 2, 2018. Los Angeles Times.
  76. Web site: National Retailers Opening in Once-Dead Downtown LA, Urban Outfitters Coming to 8th and Broadway – Brigham Yen Real Estate. May 3, 2013.
  77. Web site: Photos! Inside Urban Outfitters' Rialto Theater Treasure Trove. Natalie. Alcala. December 19, 2013. Racked LA.
  78. News: Historic theaters gain new life as retail stores . Amy . Edelen . . June 30, 2016 . 2 July 2016.
  79. Web site: The Platt Building (Anjac Fashion) | Downtown LA. downtownla.com.
  80. News: Kathleen . Craughwell. Movies: Broadway West; Bringing the Classics Back Home. Los Angeles Times. May 26, 1996 . .
  81. Web site: Ninth and Broadway Building | Los Angeles Conservancy. www.laconservancy.org.
  82. News: Steven Wolf. Televangelist Scott Sets Up Shop On Broadway: United Artists Renovation Complete. Downtown News. April 30, 1990.
  83. News: Store's Architectural Design Modern . 22 May 2019 . Los Angeles Times . July 26, 1936.
  84. Web site: Hoxton Hotel Debuts in Historic Los Angeles Railway Building. October 16, 2019. Urbanize LA.
  85. Web site: Exclusive new details on Downtown LA's trendy Proper Hotel. Bianca. Barragan. November 2, 2016. Curbed LA.
  86. Web site: Warner Bros. Downtown Theatre . losangelestheatres.googlepages.com . October 8, 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080705091321/http://www.losangelestheatres.googlepages.com/warner_downtown . July 5, 2008 . mdy .
  87. http://cinematreasures.org/theater/491/ Warner Bros. Downtown Theatre, aka Warrens Theatre
  88. Samudio, p. 111
  89. Web site: Historic Los Angeles Theatres – Downtown – Olympic Theatre. March 23, 2012.
  90. Web site: History of the Belasco. March 17, 2012.
  91. Web site: 2nd St/Broadway Station. www.metro.net. October 26, 2018. October 26, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181026222620/https://www.metro.net/projects/connector/2nd-stbroadway-station/. dead.
  92. Web site: Actions taken today by the Metro Board of Directors. Steve. Hymon. February 23, 2017.
  93. Web site: Regional Connector Transit Project. www.metro.net.