XI Corps (United Kingdom) explained

Unit Name:	XI Corps
Dates:	1915 - 1919 1940 - 1943
Country:	United Kingdom
Branch:	British Army
Type:	Corps
Battles:	First World War^[1] Battle of Fromelles Italian Campaign Battle of the Lys The Advance in Flanders The Final Advance in Artois

XI Corps was a corps-sized formation of the British Expeditionary Force, active during the First World War that served on the Western Front and in Italy. It was recreated as part of Home Forces defending the United Kingdom during the Second World War.

First World War

Western Front

XI Corps was formed in France on 29 August 1915 under Lt-Gen Richard Haking.^[1] Its first serious engagement (as part of Sir Charles Monro's First Army) was the Battle of Fromelles (19 July 1916), a diversion to the Somme offensive in which two untried divisions were launched into an ill-planned subsidiary attack in Flanders. It achieved nothing but cost thousands of casualties, and caused great resentment in Australia.^[2]

Order of Battle at Fromelles^[3] General Officer Commanding Lt-Gen R. Haking

• 61st (2nd South Midland) Division
• 5th Australian Division

Italian Front

XI Corps was one of two corps HQs moved to the Italian Front in November 1917.^[1]

Order of Battle in Italy 1 December 1917^[4] GOC Lt-Gen Sir Richard Haking

Corps Troops:

• 1/1st King Edward's Horse
• HQ Corps Heavy Artillery Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA)
• 11th Cyclist Battalion Army Cyclist Corps
• Corps Topographical Section Royal Engineers (RE)
• Signal Troops RE (L Corps Signal Company; 27 (Motor) Airline Section; R and LC Cable Sections, *Corps Heavy Artillery Signal Section RGA)
• Corps Siege Park Army Service Corps (ASC)
• Corps Ammunition Park (345 (MT) Company (25 Ammunition Sub-Park) ASC)
• 491 (MT) Company ASC, attached Corps Heavy Artillery
• 5th (Light) Mobile Workshop Army Ordnance Corps (AOC)
• Area Employment Company
• Corps School

Return to the Western Front

XI Corps returned to the Western Front in March 1918 in time to take part in the defence against the German spring offensive (the Battle of the Lys) and the final battles of the war as part of Sir William Birdwood's Fifth Army.

Order of Battle 27 September 1918^[5]

Corps Headquarters Command Staff

• GOC Lt-Gen Sir Richard Haking
• Brigadier-General, General Staff: Brig-Gen J.E.S. Brind
• Deputy Adjutant & Quartermaster-General: Brig.-Gen A.F.U. Green
• Assistant Director Ordnance Services, Lt Col A.J. Herbert, NZAOC^[6]
• Commander, Royal Artillery: Brig-Gen S.F. Metcalfe
• Commander, Heavy Artillery: Brig-Gen F.A. Twiss
• Commander, Engineers: Brig-Gen H.J.M. Marshall

Divisions attached to XI Corps

• 19th (Western) Division (to Third Army 4 October)
• 47th (1/2nd London) Division (to III Corps 13 October)
• 57th (2nd West Lancashire) Division (from Third Army 11 October)
• 59th (2nd North Midland) Division
• 61st (2nd South Midland) Division (to Third Army 5 October)
• 74th (Yeomanry) Division (from Fourth Army 2 October; to III Corps 8 October)

Second World War

XI Corps was reformed in the United Kingdom early in the Second World War. It was based at Bishop's Stortford in Hertfordshire^[7] with a major operational base at Felsted School.^[8]

Order of Battle Autumn 1940^[9]

• 15th (Scottish) Infantry Division
• 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division
• Royal Artillery
  • 147th (Essex Yeomanry) Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery ^[10]
  • 72nd Medium Regiment^[11]

General Officers Commanding

Commanders included:^[12]

• 29 August – 4 September 1915 Major-General the Earl of Cavan (temporary)
• 4 September 1915 – 13 August 1916 Lieutenant-General Richard Haking
• 13 August – 30 September 1916 Lieutenant-General Sir Charles Anderson
• 30 September 1916 – 1919 Lieutenant-General Sir Richard Haking
• July 1940 – November 1941 Lieutenant-General Hugh Massy
• November 1941 – March 1942 Lieutenant-General Noel Irwin
• March 1942 – September 1942 Lieutenant-General John Crocker
• September 1942 – April 1943 Lieutenant-General Gerard Bucknall
• April 1943 – July 1943 Lieutenant-General Gerald Templer

References

• Web site: British planning and preparations to resist invasion on land, September 1939 - September 1940. Newbold . David John . King's College, University of London.
• Official History 1918: Brigadier-General Sir James E. Edmonds, Military Operations France and Belgium, 1918 Volume V: 26 September–11 November: The Advance to Victory 1947 (reprint Imperial War Museum, 1992)

Further reading

• Book: Robert. Liddiard. David. Sims. A Guide to Second World War Archaeology in Suffolk. Guide 4: Stop Lines. Aylsham, Norfolk. Barnwell Print. 2014. no.

External sources

• The Long Long Trail
• Royal Artillery 1939-45

Notes and References

1. Web site: Chris . Baker . The British Corps of 1914-1918 . The Long, Long Trail . 2010 . 11 June 2014.
2. Web site: Chris . Baker . Fromelles: was the Australian Official History more truthful than the British? . The Long, Long Trail . 2007 . 11 June 2014.
3. Web site: The Battles of the Somme, 1916 . Chris . Baker . The Long, Long Trail . 2010 . 11 June 2014.
4. Web site: The British campaign in Italy 1917-1918 . Chris . Baker . The Long, Long Trail . 2010 . 11 June 2014.
5. Official History 1918 Volume V, p 125 and Appendix I.
6. Web site: Military personnel file. Archway, Archives New Zealand. 20 Aug 2018.
7. Newbold, p. 202
8. Web site: Wartime Memories. Felsted School. 20 February 2016.
9. Web site: 11 Corps . The Royal Artillery 1939-45 . 2014 . 11 June 2014.
10. Web site: 147 (Essex Yeomanry) Field Regiment RA (TA) . The Royal Artillery 1939-45 . 2014 . 11 June 2014.
11. Web site: 72 Medium Regiment RA (TA) . The Royal Artillery 1939-45 . 2014 . 11 June 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205244/http://www.ra39-45.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/med/page35.html . 3 March 2016 .
12. Web site: Army Commands 1900-2011 . 137 . Colin . Mackie . gulabin.com . 2011 . 11 June 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150705211343/http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf . 5 July 2015 .