| Bristol 401 Bristol 402 | |
| Manufacturer: | Bristol Cars (then Bristol Aeroplane Co.) |
| Production: | 1948 - 1953 (401) 1949 - 1950 (402) 611 Bristol 401 units 23 Bristol 402 units |
| Class: | Sports sedan Convertible |
| Body Style: | 2 door coupe 2 door convertible |
| Layout: | FR layout |
| Engine: | 1971 cc ohv straight-6 |
| Transmission: | 4-speed manual |
| Length: | 191.50NaN0 |
| Wheelbase: | 1140NaN0 |
| Width: | 670NaN0 |
| Height: | 600NaN0 |
| Predecessor: | Bristol 400 |
| Successor: | Bristol 403 |
| Designer: | Carrozzeria Touring |
The Bristol 401 saloon and Bristol 402 cabriolet are British luxury sporting cars, produced between 1948 and 1953 by Bristol Cars, an offshoot of the Bristol Aeroplane Co.[1] They were developed from the Bristol 400, which continued in production alongside the 401 and 402 until 1950.
Although mechanically the 401 and 402 used an improved version of the BMW M328 hemi-head engine and its unusual arrangement of two separate pushrods to operate the exhaust valves (necessitated by the hemispherical combustion chambers and opposite facing valves) used in the 400, the styling was a huge advance on the pre-war bodies of that first Bristol model. It was inspired by the Milanese designer, Carrozzeria Touring, and its most notable feature was that the door handles were not exposed and to open the doors the owner pressed a button into a groove in the door. The body also was more spacious than the 400 and was a full five-seater.
At the front the 401 and 402 were also quite distinctive with their headlights moved quite a distance into the centre of the body on either side of the narrow grille, which resembled BMW a little less than did the 400. They were also deeply curved at the front: this, along with the then-unique door handle arrangement, is believed to give the 401 a drag coefficient of less than Cd 0.36 – competitive even by today's standards and remarkable for the time.
The engine was the same 2-litre in-line six-cylinder petrol unit of the 400, but was upgraded through improved Solex carburettors to increase power by 5bhp to 85bhp, which improved the performance further beyond what was achieved by the aerodynamics.
The suspension is independent at the front using a transverse leaf spring and wishbones and the rigid axle at the rear uses torsion bars. Steering is by rack and pinion. The brakes are Lockheed hydraulic with 110NaN0 inch drums all round.
Although the 401's production figure of 611 is still the largest of any Bristol model, the 402 is regarded as one of the rarest classics among cars of its day. In a recent survey, 13 of the 23 produced could be accounted for.
A saloon tested by The Motor magazine in 1952 had a top speed of 97.3mph and could accelerate from 0-60mph in 15.1 seconds. A fuel consumption of 20.8mpgimp was recorded. The test car cost £3532 including taxes.[2] Referring that road test in a subsequent 'classic car' feature, the journal summarised the 401 as a "Medium-sized car offering very high standards of comfort and performance".[3]
Four examples of a 401 Cabriolet with styling by Pininfarina were also produced.[4]