The Holiday Bowl is an annual college football bowl game held in San Diego, California. The bowl was founded in 1978. It is planned to be held at Snapdragon Stadium starting in December 2024.[1] The bowl has tie-ins with the Pac-12 Conference and the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).
Although 10 of the current Pac-12 schools are leaving the conference in August 2024, current and former Pac-12 football teams will continue in the previously agreed upon bowl selection process through the 2025 season.[2] The exact date and time of the 2024 Holiday Bowl is not yet announced.[3]
The Holiday Bowl was founded in 1978 to give the Western Athletic Conference an automatic bowl bid after the Fiesta Bowl, which previously had a tie-in with the conference, ended its association with the WAC following the departure of Arizona and Arizona State (the latter of which served as the game's host) to join the Pacific-8 Conference in the summer of 1978, leading to the conference renaming itself as the Pacific-10. The Holiday Bowl inherited the Fiesta Bowl's former WAC ties and gave the conference's champion its automatic bid. For the first several editions, the WAC champion played an at-large team; from 1991 through 1994, the Big Ten Conference was given the second bid, provided it had enough bowl-eligible teams.
Beginning in 1995, the Big Eight Conference replaced the Big Ten and remained tied with the bowl as the conference expanded to become the Big 12 the following year. The WAC's automatic bid was split, with first choice given to the Cotton Bowl Classic in Dallas, and a team from the Pacific-10 was added as the alternate pick (meaning that, if the WAC champion played in the Cotton Bowl, a Pacific-10 team would play in the Holiday Bowl). The WAC ended its association with the Holiday Bowl after 1997, and the game became a matchup between the Big 12 and Pacific-10.
From 1998 to 2009, the matchup featured the #2 team in the Pacific-10/Pac-12 and the #3 Big 12 team, but the Alamo Bowl outbid the Holiday Bowl to feature that matchup beginning in 2010. Holiday Bowl Executive Director Bruce Binkowski stated that average ticket prices for the Holiday Bowl would have had to be increased from $60 to $100 to match the Alamo Bowl's offer of a $3 million payout (the Holiday Bowl was only offering $2.35 million).[4] The Pac-12 and Big 12 retained their contracts with the Holiday Bowl, however, and the 2010–2013 matchups pitted the #3 Pac-12 team against the #5 Big 12 team.[5]
Starting with the 2014 game, the Big Ten signed a six-year contract to return after a 20-year absence to the Holiday Bowl, regaining the slot that it had held from 1991 to 1994. With this agreement, the Holiday Bowl featured the #3 Pac-12 team and the #4 Big Ten team. In 2019, the bowl announced plans to host a Pac-12 team and an Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) team during the 2020-2025 games.[6] Through 2019, the bowl was played at San Diego Stadium. The stadium was demolished beginning in the autumn of 2020,[7] [8] at which point the game was played at Petco Park. In 2024, the bowl returned to Mission Valley playing in Snapdragon Stadium, built on the site of San Diego Stadium.[9]
On October 22, 2020, organizers canceled the 2020 edition of the bowl, citing complications from the COVID-19 pandemic.[10] The 2021 edition was called off hours before kickoff on December 28, due to COVID-19 protocol issues within the UCLA program,[11] and officially canceled the next morning, after organizers could not secure a replacement team to face NC State.[12] In May 2023, organizers of the Holiday Bowl filed a lawsuit in San Diego County, seeking $3 million in damages from the Pac-12 and UCLA due to their withdrawal from the 2021 game. Organizers also stated that since reimbursement was not provided for cancellation of the 2021 game, the bowl withheld a $3.2 million payment to Pac-12 member Oregon for the 2022 game.[13]
Sponsors of the game have included SeaWorld; Thrifty Car Rental; Chrysler Corporation (through its Plymouth brand); Culligan; Pacific Life; Bridgepoint Education; National University; National Funding,[14] a San Diego-based alternative lender; San Diego County Credit Union, which formerly sponsored San Diego's other bowl game, the now-defunct Poinsettia Bowl;[15] and DirecTV.[16]
For the first seven games, BYU represented the WAC as its champion. In the inaugural 1978 game, the Navy Midshipmen came in with an 8–3 record and a Commander-in-Chief's Trophy and then capped their season with a 23–16 comeback victory over the highly favored Cougars. BYU has played in a total of 11 Holiday Bowls, more than any other team. The 1980 game was known as "The Miracle Bowl" as BYU erased a 20-point SMU lead in the last two minutes of the game, tying the score on the last play of the game—a 60-yard pass from All-American quarterback Jim McMahon to tight end Clay Brown as time expired. BYU kicker Kurt Gunther added the game-winning extra point.
The 1983 game between BYU and Missouri had its own dramatic ending, as BYU rallied behind All-American quarterback Steve Young. With just 23 seconds left, Young gave a handoff to Eddie Stinnett. Stinnett then turned around and passed it back to Steve Young, who caught it and ran in for a touchdown, giving BYU a 21–17 win. Young achieved a rare feat in college football: one touchdown pass, one touchdown run, and one touchdown reception all in a single game. For his efforts, he was named offensive MVP.
In the 1984 edition, BYU secured the national championship by defeating the Michigan Wolverines, 24–17. Because of the WAC's contract with the Holiday Bowl, BYU, top-ranked and the only undefeated team in Division I-A going into that season's bowls, was obligated to play in the mid-tier Holiday Bowl against a mediocre (6–5) Michigan squad. Again, the Holiday Bowl came down to the final few plays. BYU drove the length of the field and scored on a pass from injured All-American quarterback Robbie Bosco to Kelly Smith with 1:23 remaining. Marv Allen, who had played in the very first Holiday Bowl as a redshirt freshman in 1978, sealed the victory with an interception. This game marks a rare example of a non-New Year's Six bowl game featuring a team later named national champion.
Rankings are based on the AP poll prior to the game being played.
| Date Played | Winning team | Losing team | Attnd. | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 22, 1978 | Navy | 23 | 16 | 52,500 | notes | |
| December 21, 1979 | Indiana | 38 | 37 | 52,500 | notes | |
| December 19, 1980 |
| 46 | 45 | 50,200 | notes | |
| December 18, 1981 |
| 38 | 36 | 52,419 | notes | |
| December 17, 1982 |
| 47 | 17 | 52,533 | notes | |
| December 23, 1983 |
| 21 | 17 | 51,480 | notes | |
| December 21, 1984 |
| 24 | 17 | 61,243 | notes | |
| December 22, 1985 |
| 18 | 17 | 60,641 | notes | |
| December 30, 1986 |
| 39 | 38 | 59,473 | notes | |
| December 30, 1987 |
| 20 | 19 | 61,892 | notes | |
| December 30, 1988 | 62 | 14 | 60,641 | notes | ||
| December 29, 1989 |
| 50 | 39 | 61,113 | notes | |
| December 29, 1990 | Texas A&M | 65 | 14 | 61,441 | notes | |
| December 30, 1991 | BYU | 13 |
| 13 | 60,646 | notes |
| December 30, 1992 | Hawaii | 27 | 17 | 44,457 | notes | |
| December 30, 1993 |
| 28 | 21 | 52,108 | notes | |
| December 30, 1994 |
| 24 | 14 | 59,453 | notes | |
| December 29, 1995 |
| 54 | 21 | 51,051 | notes | |
| December 30, 1996 |
| 33 | 21 | 54,749 | notes | |
| December 29, 1997 | 35 | 24 | 50,761 | notes | ||
| December 30, 1998 |
| 23 | 20 | 65,354 | notes | |
| December 29, 1999 | 24 | 20 | 57,118 | notes | ||
| December 29, 2000 |
| 35 | 30 | 63,278 | notes | |
| December 28, 2001 |
| 47 | 43 | 60,548 | notes | |
| December 27, 2002 | 34 | 27 | 58,717 | notes | ||
| December 30, 2003 | 28 | 20 | 61,102 | notes | ||
| December 30, 2004 |
| 45 | 31 | 63,711 | notes | |
| December 29, 2005 | Oklahoma | 17 | 14 | 65,416 | notes | |
| December 28, 2006 |
| 45 | 10 | 62,395 | notes | |
| December 27, 2007 |
| 52 | 34 | 64,020 | notes | |
| December 30, 2008 |
| 42 | 31 | 59,106 | notes | |
| December 30, 2009 |
| 33 | 0 | 64,607 | notes | |
| December 30, 2010 | Washington | 19 | 7 | 57,921 | notes | |
| December 28, 2011 | Texas | 21 | 10 | 56,313 | notes | |
| December 27, 2012 | Baylor | 49 | 26 | 55,507 | notes | |
| December 30, 2013 | Texas Tech | 37 | 23 | 52,930 | notes | |
| December 27, 2014 |
| 45 | 42 | 55,789 | notes | |
| December 30, 2015 |
| 23 | USC | 21 | 48,329 | notes |
| December 27, 2016 | Minnesota | 17 | 12 | 48,704 | notes | |
| December 28, 2017 | 42 | 17 | 47,092 | notes | ||
| December 31, 2018 | Northwestern | 31 | 20 | 47,007 | notes | |
| December 27, 2019 |
| 49 | 24 | 50,123 | notes | |
| December2020 | Canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic | [17] | ||||
| December 28, 2021 | Canceled due to COVID-19 protocols | [18] | ||||
| December 28, 2022 |
| 28 | 27 | 36,242 | notes | |
| December 27, 2023 | USC | 42 | 28 | 35,317 | notes | |
The bowl names offensive and defensive MVPs; in some instances, co-MVPs have been named, or two offensive MVPs in lieu of a defensive MVP.
| Game | Offensive MVP | Defensive MVP | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Player | Team | Pos. | Player | Team | Pos. | ||
| 1978 | Navy | WR | Tom Enlow | BYU | LB | ||
| 1979 | BYU | QB | Tim Wilbur | Indiana | CB | ||
| 1980 | BYU SMU | QB RB | |||||
| 1981 | Jim McMahon | BYU | QB | BYU | LB | ||
| 1982 | Ohio State | RB | Garcia Lane | Ohio State | CB | ||
| 1983 | BYU | QB | Bobby Bell | Missouri | DE | ||
| 1984 | BYU | QB | BYU | LB | |||
| 1985 | Arkansas | RB | Arizona State | LB | |||
| 1986 | Iowa San Diego State | QB QB | San Diego State | LB | |||
| 1987 | Craig Burnett | Wyoming | QB | Iowa | CB | ||
| 1988 | Oklahoma State | RB | Sim Drain | Oklahoma State | LB | ||
| 1989 | Penn State BYU | RB QB | |||||
| 1990 | Texas A&M | QB | Texas A&M | LB | |||
| 1991 | Ty Detmer | BYU | QB | BYU Iowa | DB DB | ||
| 1992 | Michael Carter | Hawaii | QB | Junior Tagoai | Hawaii | DT | |
| 1993 | Ohio State BYU | RB QB | Ohio State | LB | |||
| 1994 | Todd Collins Anthoney Hill | Michigan Colorado State | QB QB | Michigan | LB | ||
| 1995 | Brian Kavanagh | Kansas State | QB | Mario Smith | Kansas State | DB | |
| 1996 | Colorado | QB | Nick Ziegler | Colorado | DE | ||
| 1997 | Moses Moreno Darran Hall | Colorado State Colorado State | QB WR | ||||
| 1998 | Keith Smith | Arizona | QB | Nebraska | DE | ||
| 1999 | Kansas State | QB | Kansas State | DE | |||
| 2000 | Oregon | QB | Oregon | DB | |||
| 2001 | Texas Washington | QB RB | Texas | LB | |||
| 2002 | Kansas State | QB | Arizona State | DE | |||
| 2003 | Sammy Moore | Washington State | WR | Washington State | P | ||
| 2004 | Texas Tech | QB | Vincent Meeks | Texas Tech | DB | ||
| 2005 | Oklahoma | QB | C. J. Ah You Anthony Trucks | Oklahoma Oregon | DE DB | ||
| 2006 | California California | RB QB | California | LB | |||
| 2007 | Texas | QB | Texas | DE | |||
| 2008 | Oregon | QB | Oregon | DB | |||
| 2009 | Nebraska | WR | Matt O'Hanlon | Nebraska | DB | ||
| 2010 | Washington | RB | Washington | LB | |||
| 2011 | Texas | QB | Texas | LB | |||
| 2012 | Baylor | RB | Baylor | DE | |||
| 2013 | Texas Tech | QB | Texas Tech | LB | |||
| 2014 | USC | QB | USC | DE | |||
| 2015 | Wisconsin | QB | Wisconsin | LB | |||
| 2016 | Minnesota | RB | Minnesota | LB | |||
| 2017 | Michigan State | QB | Michigan State | LB | |||
| 2018 | Northwestern | QB | JR Pace | Northwestern | S | ||
| 2019 | Iowa | WR | Iowa | DE | |||
| 2022 | Oregon | RB | Mase Funa | Oregon | LB | ||
| 2023 | Miller Moss | USC | QB | Jaylin Smith | USC | S |
Updated through the December 2023 edition (44 games, 88 total appearances).
| Rank | Team | Appearances | Record | Win pct. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11 | 4–6–1 | ||
| 2 | 5 | 3–2 | ||
| 3 | 4 | 3–0–1 | ||
| 4 | 3–1 | |||
| 4 | 2–2 | |||
| 4 | 1–3 | |||
| 4 | 1–3 | |||
| 4 | 1–3 | |||
| 4 | 0–4 |
| Rank | Team | Appearances | Record | Win pct. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | 3 | 3–0 | ||
| 3 | 1–2 | |||
| 3 | 1–2 | |||
| 13 | 2 | 2–0 | ||
| 2 | 2–0 | |||
| 2 | 1–1 | |||
| 2 | 1–1 | |||
| 2 | 1–1 | |||
| 2 | 1–1 | |||
| 2 | 0–2 | |||
| 2 | 0–2 |
, every Pac-12 school except Stanford and Oregon State had appeared in the game (Colorado appeared while a member of the Big 12). The only current or former Big 12 members that have not played in the bowl are Cincinnati, Houston, Iowa State, Kansas, TCU, UCF and West Virginia.
Updated through the December 2023 edition (44 games, 88 total appearances).
| Conference | Record | Appearances by season | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Games | W | L | T | Win pct. | Won | Lost | Tied |
| 27 | 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2022, 2023 | 1981, 1985, 1996, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 | bgcolor=lightgrey | ||||
| 18 | 1996, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013 | 1997, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2008, 2010 | bgcolor=lightgrey | ||||
| bgcolor=lightgrey | WAC | 18 | 1980, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1992, 1997 | 1978, 1979, 1982, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1993, 1994, 1995 | 1991 | ||
| 15 | 1979, 1982, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 | 1984, 1992, 2014 | 1991 | ||||
| bgcolor=lightgrey | Big Eight | 3 | 1988, 1995 | 1983 | bgcolor=lightgrey | ||
| bgcolor=lightgrey | SWC | 3 | 1985, 1990 | 1980 | bgcolor=lightgrey | ||
| 2 | 1978, 1989 | bgcolor=lightgrey | |||||
| 2 | 2022, 2023 | bgcolor=lightgrey |
| Team | Record, Team vs. Opponent | Year | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Most points scored (one team) | 65, Texas A&M vs. BYU | 1990 | |
| Most points scored (losing team) | 45, SMU vs. BYU | 1980 | |
| Most points scored (both teams) | 91, BYU vs. SMU | 1980 | |
| Fewest points allowed | 0, Nebraska vs. Arizona | 2009 | |
| Largest margin of victory | 51, Texas A&M vs. BYU | 1990 | |
| Total yards | 698, Oklahoma State vs. Wyoming | 1988 | |
| Rushing yards | 393, SMU vs. BYU | 1980 | |
| Passing yards | 576, BYU vs. Penn State | 1989 | |
| First downs | 35, BYU vs. Penn State | 1989 | |
| Fewest yards allowed | 109, Nebraska vs. Arizona | 2009 | |
| Fewest rushing yards allowed | –12, Texas A&M vs. BYU | 1990 | |
| Fewest passing yards allowed | 46, Nebraska vs. Arizona | 2009 | |
| Individual | Record, Player, Team vs. Opponent | Year | |
| All-purpose yards | |||
| Touchdowns (all-purpose) | 5, Barry Sanders, Oklahoma State vs. Wyoming | 1988 | |
| Rushing yards | 235, Raymont Harris, Ohio State vs. BYU | 1993 | |
| Rushing touchdowns | 5, Barry Sanders, Oklahoma State vs. Wyoming | 1988 | |
| Passing yards | 576, Ty Detmer, BYU vs. Penn State | 1989 | |
| Passing touchdowns | 6, Miller Moss, USC vs Louisville | 2023 | |
| Receiving yards | 168, Dez Bryant, Oklahoma State vs. Oregon | 2008 | |
| Receiving touchdowns | 3, Clay Brown, BYU vs. SMU | 1980 | |
| Tackles | 18 (total), Garland Rivers, Michigan vs. BYU 17 (solo), same | 1984 | |
| Sacks | 4, Bobby Bell, Missouri vs. BYU | 1983 | |
| Interceptions | 2, by several players—most recent: Brandon Foster, Texas vs. Arizona State | 2007 | |
| Long Plays | Record, Player, Team vs. Opponent | Year | |
| Touchdown run | 76, Jeremiah Johnson, Oregon vs. Oklahoma State | 2008 | |
| Touchdown pass | 76, Koy Detmer to Rae Carruth, Colorado vs. Washington | 1996 | |
| Kickoff return | 98, shared by: Adoree' Jackson, USC vs. Nebraska Ihmir Smith-Marsette, Iowa vs. USC | 2014 2019 | |
| Punt return | 85, Darran Hall, Colorado State vs. Missouri | 1997 | |
| Interception return | 48, Vincent Meeks, Texas Tech vs. California | 2004 | |
| Fumble return | 82, Jared McGee, Northwestern vs. Utah[25] | 2018 | |
| Punt | 64, shared by: Justin Tucker, Texas vs. California Sam Foltz, Nebraska vs. USC | 2011 2014 | |
| Field goal | 51, Ray Tarasi, Penn State vs. BYU | 1989 |
The bowl was previously broadcast by Mizlou (1978–1984), Lorimar (1985),[26] ESPN (1986–2016) and FS1 (2017–2019). It then moved over to Fox, although Fox did not carry its first Holiday Bowl until the 2022 edition, due to the 2020 and 2021 cancellations.[27] [28] [29]