Bridge to nowhere explained
A bridge to nowhere is a bridge where one or both ends are broken, incomplete, or unconnected to any roads. If it is an overpass or an interchange, the term overpass to nowhere or interchange to nowhere may be used respectively.[1] [2]
Origins
There are five main origins for these bridges:
- The bridge was never completed for reasons such as cost or disputed property rights.
- One or both of the bridge's ends have collapsed or have been destroyed, for example, by earthquake, storm, flood, or war.
- The bridge is no longer used, but was not demolished because of the cost; for example, the bridges on an abandoned railway line.
- The bridge is completed, but the streets connecting the bridge are not completed.
- The bridge or any other part of the construction can be regarded as a pork barrel project aimed at useless fund spending or money laundering with minor or negligible public usefulness.
Metaphoric use
The term "bridge to nowhere" may be used by political opponents to describe a bridge (or proposed bridge) that serves low-population areas at high cost, usually characterizing it as an instance of pork barrel spending.[3]
By extension, it may refer to any undertaking perceived as both pointless and costly.
Incomplete and damaged bridges
Argentina
- The two-lane elevated concrete vehicle bridge across the Cosquin River in Cosquin, province of Cordoba, Argentina, that was intended to connect Calle Pedro Ortiz, to the west, to Avenida Capitan Aviador Omar Castillo, to the east, was never opened. The span of the bridge itself was complete, but it was never connected to the road system on either end, and the ends of the span remained blocked by steep piles of rubble. In lieu of the elevated vehicle bridge, the small, low Onofre Marimon Bridge connected the two streets for small volumes of pedestrian traffic. In 2020 it was finally connected at both ends and open to vehicle traffic,[4] and the lower bridge was demolished. The remains of the bridge can still be seen at Puente Mercedes Sosa.
Belgium
Bulgaria
- Bulgaria's capital city of Sofia has a highspeed city bypass called Northern Speed Tangent, which upon completion had three bridges with two clover-style interchanges. These three bridges were built with the intention to connect the north neighbourhoods of Sofia, however since 2016, when the high speed bypass was built, they have not been connected to the city and are currently bridges to nowhere. Plans are being developed for finally connecting the bridges to the city proper, but due to constant changes and disputed between the local government and road agencies, these plans are frozen.
Canada
- Port Nelson Bridge, an isolated rail bridge near Port Nelson, Manitoba. The connecting rail line was never finished due to labour and material shortages, a lack of financial or political support, and high cost. The envisioned port was also poorly designed and was found to require excessive dredging due to significant sand bars. The project was greatly criticized by several politicians (the media calling it a "gigantic blunder").[5]
- Ontario Highway 69 south of Ontario Highway 522 near Grundy Provincial Park. The 2 bridges are for the southbound and northbound lanes of the future Ontario Highway 400 connecting Greater Sudbury and Toronto.
- Gaglardi Way in Burnaby, British Columbia, ended suddenly as an overpass of Highway 1 at the south end at just a forest, due to a residential subdivision beyond the point with two cloverleaf ramps that were blocked off, now removed along with the dead end peculiarity in the 2000's.
China
Czech Republic
- The Borovsko Bridge, an unfinished motorway bridge from the 1930s near Borovsko, part of Bernartice municipality, Central Bohemian Region.
- There are several bridges to nowhere, started to be built as a part of extraterritorial highway Vienna-Wrocław (so-called "Hitler's highway"), which remain unfinished and unconnected to the road network.
France
Germany
The colloquial name for a bridge to nowhere in Germany is "Soda-Brücke" (a pun on "so da" = "just there"). Many of the bridges were built in the 1970s as part of the Autobahn network, but the oil crisis and rising environmental consciousness slowed many highway extensions.
Honduras
- The Bridge of Rising Sun in Choluteca, completed in 1998, became a bridge to nowhere the same year when Hurricane Mitch hit Honduras. While the bridge itself survived with minor damage, the roads on either end got entirely washed away and the Choluteca River had carved itself a new channel on the side, leaving the bridge to span dry ground. It eventually got reconnected to the highway in 2003.
Hong Kong
Hungary
- A former railway bridge sits over the Váci út in Budapest. Its rail line was disconnected in the early 1990s, and the east side of the bridge was demolished to make room for new construction. (47.555°N 19.0756°W) A second bridge sits over a minor road on the same rail line to the southwest, and the former station is now a parking lot.
India
Indonesia
Italy
Latvia
Nepal
New Zealand
Norway
- Eintveit Bridge, a -long two-lane road bridge in Etne municipality in Hordaland county, was completed in 1962 and was intended to be part of a road on the northwestern side of Åkrafjorden. But the road was never built, and the bridge has remained unused except occasionally by hikers. In 2014 broadcaster NRK organized the "opening" of the bridge. Two cars were flown in by helicopter and then drove across the bridge.[8] [9]
Philippines
- The Loboc Bridge in the town of Loboc, Bohol. A steel and concrete bridge which commenced construction in the 1970s but was left unfinished allegedly due to opposition from the Loboc parishioners since the bridge might destroy the 400-year old Loboc Church.[10]
Poland
- Several structures on unfinished Olimpijka motorway. Its construction started in 1976 with the propaganda goal of completing it in time for the Moscow Olympics in 1980 (hence its unofficial name, as part of Berlin-Moscow connection). Because of the economic crisis which hit the country in the late 1970s and continued throughout the 1980s, only a small section was opened. Construction of another stretch resumed only in 2001, as a part of A2 motorway. Since 2010 the plan was to finish the whole link between the border with Germany and Warsaw, this time for the UEFA Euro 2012 football championships. This meant that weathered remains of 1970s structures had to be demolished in the 2010s.
- Several structures on unfinished Berlinka, Nazi Germany's Reichsautobahn Berlin-Königsberg started in 1936. Some of them have been demolished as late as the 2010s.
Romania
- Ciurel Bridge is an unfinished infrastructure project located in Bucharest, Romania. It gained significant attention and earned the nickname "Bridge to Nowhere" or "Bridge to Nothing" on social media. The construction was initiated as part of an expansion towards the A1 Highway, but the remaining section of the project, an 8.3-kilometer road, has not been built. Currently, the bridge only serves as a left turn and resolves the traffic issue for those traveling from Virtuții Road to Splaiul Independenței. Pro Infrastructura, an organization that monitors infrastructure projects, argues that the Bucharest City Hall should have made a decision regarding the continuation of the road to the A1 Highway, covering the distance of 8.3 kilometers. Without this connection, the Virtuții Junction (Ciurel Passage) does not effectively address the traffic congestion, as it was originally intended to alleviate the traffic on Iuliu Maniu Boulevard. Sorin Ioniță, an activist who has closely followed the project, criticized it, stating, "This passage will cross a T-intersection on a picturesque bridge with ramps, descend on the other side, and lead the cars to the exact same place as before, Virtuții Road. All at an impressive cost of over 400 million lei. This road passage in Sector 6 is probably the most useless and foolish investment in Romania since '89,". The construction of the passage began in 2010 and was initially scheduled for completion in December 2014. Delays in the project were caused by litigation and financial constraints.
Russia
- A two-lane vehicle bridge in Pavlovsky Posad, completed in 2011, continues the minor Vachevskaya Street in the west across the Vokhna River. In the east, there is a dead end, as no vehicle road has been built there, with only a footpath branching off to another street. The bridge may become integrated into traffic once a new road tunnel under railway is completed nearby, and together they would replace a problematic level crossing.[11] The bridge was open for vehicle traffic in July 2015.[12]
Slovakia
- Viaduct in Kopráš, a never-used railway viaduct in the village of Kopráš near the town of Jelšava in south Slovakia. The viaduct is long and high. It was finished in 1945 but was never used, because the railway to the viaduct was never completed due to the events of World War II.[13] Next to the viaduct are two finished tunnels without any connection to railways. The tunnel near the village of Slavošovce is long, and the tunnel near Kopráš is long. These tunnels to nowhere were also never used, because railway construction ended in 1948 before its completion.[14]
Spain
- Bridge to Nowhere in San Martín de la Vega (built 1933, originally projected in 1926). It was damaged in March 1947 after severe flooding, and it was never repaired. Nowadays only a few sections of it stay in place, and the surroundings are now a recreational site.[15] (40.2302°N -3.544°W)
Taiwan
United Kingdom
- Blandford Forum former railway bridge.
- Bewley Street Footbridge, in Colliers Wood, London, constructed in 2007, was blocked off at one end due to a dispute over the cost of building an access ramp.[16] The ramp was finally completed in June 2015 and renamed "Gam Gurung Bridge" after a local councillor.[17]
- Duddeston Viaduct, a railway viaduct in Birmingham commonly known as the "Viaduct to Nowhere", built as a through route in 1846 but never used as such due to inter-company politics.[18] 52.4747°N -1.8804°W
- The Lichfield Canal Aqueduct built in 2003 in anticipation of the eventual restoration of the Lichfield Canal over the M6 Toll in Staffordshire.
- The Mancunian Way – the A57(M) – in Manchester has a length of unused slip road (53.472°N -2.2362°W) blocked off by a traffic sign, after modifications to local streets to accept traffic from the road (A34) were not carried out.[19]
- Unknown bridge with unused slip road over the A120 east of Colchester, Essex[20] 51.8916°N 1.0117°W
- Barracks Road and Cavalry Street bridges north of the A671 Westway in Burnley, Lancashire, cross the East Lancashire railway line and were stopped up at both ends following the construction of the M65 in 1981.
- An abandoned highway bridge at 51.279°N -0.1546°W. It was planned for the M23 to extended further north from its abrupt ending as part of the London Ringways scheme. Some of the southern end is still accessible and used as a depot for highway maintenance, but most of it is fenced off, notably when the A23 and open M23 pass under wide bridges.
- One part of the Borough Road, Birkenhead A5227 flyover adjoining to Queensway Tunnel is incomplete.
- M8 Bridge to Nowhere, two separate bridges over the M8 motorway in Glasgow: one eventually had an office block constructed on it; the other, originally built in the 1970s, remained unfinished until July 2013.
- A stub protruding from a road bridge across the A1020 around Beckton which forms part of a southbound exit. It was planned to be part of a cancelled approach to the East London River Crossing.[21]
United States
- Arboretum "ghost ramps" (built 1960s), a set of ramps and bridges south of Marsh Island near Portage Bay in Seattle that were intended to be an interchange from Washington State Route 520 and the proposed R. H. Thomson Expressway. When plans for the expressway were scrapped following a citizens' freeway revolt, the interchange ramps and bridges remained in place and are mostly unused. On January 31, 2013, Washington state announced that the ghost ramps would be removed sometime between 2014 and 2016.[22] They were finally demolished in 2017, despite calls to preserve them in memory of the protests that cancelled the expressway project.[23]
- Big Four Bridge (built 1895), a 770adj=onNaNadj=on single-track railroad bridge over the Ohio River in Louisville, Kentucky, which was abandoned in 1968 and had both its approach spans removed and sold for scrap the following year. In February 2013, the bridge was reopened on one end for pedestrian and bicycle traffic.[24] In May 2014, the Jeffersonville, Indiana, ramp opened, allowing pedestrians and cyclists to travel between downtown Jeffersonville and Waterfront Park in Louisville.[25]
- Bridge to Nowhere (San Gabriel Mountains) (built 1936), an isolated road bridge over the San Gabriel River in southern California. The connecting road was never built. The bridge is a popular destination for hikers.
- A pair of unused overpasses near what is now the southern terminus of Connecticut State Route 11. These bridges were built as part of the original plan for Route 11, which would have seen it extend further south to I-95 in New London. Construction was halted in 1972 due to lack of funding.
- Fort Duquesne Bridge (built 1963), a road bridge over the Allegheny River in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, which ended mid-air until the ramps were completed in 1969.
- Miles Glacier Bridge (built 1910), also known as the "Million Dollar Bridge", was converted from railroad use to motor vehicle use; It is at the northern end of the unfinished Copper River Highway near Cordova, Alaska. Construction stopped in 1964 when an earthquake damaged the 472adj=onNaNadj=on bridge. Although since repaired and reopened, the bridge is nonetheless currently of limited utility due to damage at other points along the route.
- Hoan Bridge (built 1973), a 3km (02miles) road bridge over the Milwaukee River in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, which was unused until access roads were completed in 1977, was lacking freeway connections at the southern end until 1998, and was "going nowhere again" for two months while closed for major repairs after a span partially collapsed in December 2000.
- Mebane's Bridge is a road bridge over the Dan River in Rockingham County on the outskirts of the town of Eden, North Carolina, which was at the center of the landmark Luten Bridge Co. vs. Rockingham County lawsuit that made jurisprudence in 1929 when the contractor continued work on it well after the contract to build it was rescinded and subsequently sued to be reimbursed for this work.
- Pier 19 (demolished 2012) of a proposed second span of the Ambassador Bridge connecting Windsor, Ontario, and Detroit, Michigan. No second span had ever been approved for this privately owned bridge, largely because the proposal would dump excessive traffic onto Windsor city surface streets, but its owners built ramps for the proposed span in an attempt to counter an internationally supported proposal for a Detroit River International Crossing to the Windsor-Essex Parkway further downriver.[26] The unauthorized ramp was removed in 2012 by court order.[27]
- An interchange on US 160 southeast of Durango, Colorado completed in November 2011.[28] The bridge was intended to connect to a relocated US 550, but disputes arose over the new US 550 alignment's potential effect on wetlands, archaeological sites, and property fragmentation.[29] The Colorado Department of Transportation signed an agreement with the Federal Highway Administration in spring 2015 regarding the final alignment of US 550.[30] The interchange was completed in 2024.
- The San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge bicycle and pedestrian path was opened in September 2013, but was only connected on the Oakland end of the bridge. In October 2016, the connection to Yerba Buena Island was opened, but there is no bicycle or pedestrian access across the western portion of the Bay Bridge to San Francisco.[31]
- Near Greenville, Mississippi, there are several bridges to nowhere for the US 82 bypass that was built before construction halted for years before resuming in 2022.
Bridges to unpopulated or low-population areas
Australia
- John Pirie Bridge in Port Pirie was built in the 1970s to encourage development of industry on the other side of Port Pirie Creek. No development ensued; the bridge leads only to a few gravel roads otherwise unconnected.[32]
Canada
- In Jasper National Park, Alberta, at the outlet of Maligne Lake, there is a bridge that crosses the outlet river and proceeds about to a parking lot and several hiking trails and a boat launch. The bridge cost millions of dollars to build and was part of a proposed route through the mountains that was never completed.
- In the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo, north-eastern Alberta, the Peter Lougheed Bridge crosses the Athabasca River, servicing industrial work sites and leading to the start of the winter road to Fort Chipewyan.[33] Nicknamed the bridge to nowhere due to lack of development at the time of construction.[34]
Ireland
- The Harry Blaney Bridge in County Donegal spans 340m (1,120feet) and spans Mulroy Bay, connecting the Fanad and Rosguill peninsulas. Opened in 2009 at a cost of €20 million, it was criticised as a bridge to nowhere due to the low population of the area (less than 3,000 on the two peninsulas). Supporters cited the tourism potential of linking the two areas.[35] [36] [37] In 2014, local paper The Donegal Daily admitted that the bridge was "still rarely used."[38]
Malaysia
- The Bunting Island Bridge in Yan district, Kedah. The bridge that connect from mainland to an uninhabited Bunting Island. Build around 2002–2005, the bridge cost MYR120 million.
Malta
- The St Elmo Bridge leads from the foreshore of Valletta to the breakwater at the entrance of the Grand Harbour. Critics disapproved of the construction cost of €2.8 million and have called it a "bridge to nowhere".[39] [40]
Russia
- The Russky Bridge in Vladivostok was criticised as a "bridge to nowhere", costing about one billion US dollars and serving an island where only 5,000 people live.[41]
- A four-lane vehicle overpass across the Moscow Ring Road at kilometer 83 (sometimes called the Molokovsky Overpass) continues Molokova Street in the Lianozovo District of Moscow outside the city. Molokova Street is in a gated community with only local traffic allowed; at the other end, the bridge serves only the Lianozovo Cemetery with a small parking lot next to it, coming to a dead end before a forest. As a result, the overpass only receives significant traffic on prayer for the dead days such as Saturday of Souls.
United States
- In 1998, the Admiral Clarey Bridge, Hawaii, connected Ford Island to the Kamehameha Highway and was called the "bridge to nowhere" because of the considerable costs required to connect 45 families to O'ahu.[42]
- In 2005, the United States Congress passed an omnibus spending bill that contained a $442 million earmark for constructing two Alaskan bridges. Pushed forward by Alaska Representative Don Young and Senator Ted Stevens, the Gravina Island Bridge was intended to provide a link between the Ketchikan airport on Gravina Island and the city of Ketchikan at a cost of $233 million in federal grant money. It received nationwide attention as a symbol of pork-barrel spending. Since Gravina Island only had a population of 50, the bridge became known as the "Bridge to Nowhere" during the run-up to the 2008 presidential election.[43]
- In 2014, Alaska's longest bridge, the Tanana River Bridge, was completed across the Tanana River at a cost of $187 million. The 3,300 feet (1,000 m) long bridge consists of a 12feet wide gravel path that connects a gravel spur road off the Richardson Highway near Salcha, Alaska, to the roadless Tanana Flats. The bridge will be almost exclusively for military use with limited access for hunting license holders.[44] Due to the current lack of infrastructure in the Tanana Flats and the ongoing uncertainty in Department of Defense spending, there may be limited use of the bridge.[45]
Obsolete bridges and approaches
Canada
United Arab Emirates
- In the United Arab Emirates, a suspension bridge links Abu Dhabi city and Hodariyat island. The bridge was opened in 2012, but vehicles are not allowed to use it. It appeared to be a waste of money.[49] [50] Recently the bridge has opened; the approach road has been extended on the island, and a parking lot has been paved. There are also some small cafes there.
United States
- The Abandoned Pennsylvania Turnpike features several bridges that are no longer used for their intended purpose of vehicular traffic, but are still used by pedestrians and cyclists. The Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission demolished two of the bridges in 2005, one over US 30 in Breezewood, Pennsylvania and the other further east on Pump Station Road, partially to mark the property lines between the PTC-owned sections that still connect to the active mainline Pennsylvania Turnpike and the section that was sold off to Southern Alleghenies Conservancy in 2001, the latter of which owns the section that features the Rays Hill and Sideling Hill Tunnels.
- The Illinois Central Missouri River Bridge between Omaha, Nebraska and Council Bluffs, Iowa is a disused double-swing railroad bridge. Closed to rail traffic in 1980, the eastern span was secured in the open position to allow for unimpeded river traffic. Initially, the bridge was planned to be used as a contingency should issues affect the Union Pacific Missouri River Bridge approximately 2miles to the south, but the rails that formed the approach on the Iowa side were removed in the mid-2000s.[51]
- A bridge that once carried West Mound Street over I-70/I-71 in Columbus, Ohio was abandoned in the 1990s due to redevelopment projects that left West Mound Street with two discontinuous sections. The bridge subsequently became a homeless camp before being cleared by the city of Columbus for safety reasons. The bridge is slated to be demolished in 2022 by ODOT without a replacement as part of a widening project of the I-70/I-71 corridor in Downtown Columbus.[52]
- McPhaul Suspension Bridge, in Arizona, United States.
- Crook Point Bascule Bridge, in Providence, Rhode Island.
Bridges originally criticized as "a bridge to nowhere"
See also
Notes and References
- News: Daniel. Mac. Work underway on Route 128 widening project. 15 February 2014. 12 December 2004.
- News: Rosen. Jill. I-95 Exit 'To Nowhere' Will Now Go Somewhere. 12 March 2014. Sun Sentinel. 2 November 1998. 12 March 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140312213229/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1998-11-02/news/9811010194_1_carr-business-park-interchange. dead.
- Web site: Ou. Lingxiao. The Results Are In: Chinese Stimulus Fails. The Heritage Foundation. 11 August 2012. The world's longest sea bridge, built in Qingdao, [the [[Jiaozhou Bay Bridge]] ] has few users, making it the Chinese version of the "Bridge to Nowhere".. 2012-08-10.
- Web site: Nuevo puente: Mercedes Sosa en Cosquín . . 7 January 2020 .
- Malaher . David . Port Nelson and the Hudson Bay Railway . Autumn 1984 . Manitoba History . 8 . . 0226-5036 . 2010-08-20.
- News: Wong . Sue-Lin . Bridge to nowhere shows China's failed efforts to engage North Korea . Reuters . 11 September 2016 . 11 December 2016.
- Web site: Hong Kong.
- http://www.nrk.no/hordaland/opna-brua-52-ar-for-seint-1.11461393 NRK: Ei 52 år forseinka bruopning
- http://www.nrk.no/hordaland/_-dette-var-ein-vill-reportasjeide-1.11524922 NRK: – Dette var ein vill reportasjeidé
- News: Campo. Liv. Berondo. Wenna. Santiago inspects unfinished bridge in Loboc, Bohol. 26 March 2018. The Philippine Star. 9 September 2005.
- Web site: http://www.skmost.ru/objects/auto/pavlovsky-posad/ . ru:Путепровод в Павловском Посаде . ru . 2014-12-22.
- http://mosreg.ru/multimedia/novosti/all/gubernator-proinspektiroval-stroitelstvo-polikliniki-otkryl-puteprovod-i-vstretilsya-s-zhitelyami-v-/#undefined Губернатор проинспектировал строительство поликлиники, открыл путепровод и встретился с жителями в Павловском Посаде
- Web site: Stratený viadukt | Košarník. kosarnik.sk.
- Web site: Gemerské spojky. VLAKY.NET.
- Web site: Sign with facts about San Martín bridge. https://archive.today/20130704023415/http://www.gefrema.org/foro/download/file.php?id=19/. dead. 2013-07-04. Anales del Instituto de Estudios Históricos del Sur de Madrid "Jiménez de Gregorio",, Nº 1, 2000, pp. 87–110. Universidad Carlos III.
- Web site: Home. Colliers Wood Residents Association.
- Web site: Gam Gurung Bridge formally opened . Merton Council News Room . 2015-07-07 . . 19 June 2015.
- http://www.warwickshirerailways.com/gwr/gwrbg1329.htm Bordesley Station
- http://nwex.co.uk/showthread.php?t=4652 Northwest Exploration
- Web site: 'Ghost bridge' from 30 years ago could be used to link the A120 and A133. Daily Gazette (Colchester). 31 August 2016 .
- Web site: Mansfield . Ian . 22 January 2020 . East London's unused heliport and unbuilt bridge . ianvisits.
- News: Lindblom . Mike . January 25, 2013 . . 520 "ramps to nowhere" to come down . January 31, 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140224032627/http://seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2020208721_520arboretumxml.html?prmid=obinsite . February 24, 2014 .
- News: Lindblom . Mike . February 18, 2017 . An old Highway 520 crossbeam could be 'urban ruins' honoring anti-freeway activists . A1 . The Seattle Times . December 31, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170928202709/https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/transportation/an-old-highway-520-crossbeam-could-be-urban-ruins-honoring-anti-freeway-activists/ . September 28, 2017 . mdy-all .
- Web site: Big Four bridge opens in Louisville . Staff . 7 February 2013 . . . 2014-02-01.
- Web site: FINALLY: Big Four Bridge opens to Fanfare in Jeffersonville. News and Tribune. 20 May 2014 . 10 February 2017.
- News: Moroun's 'bridge to nowhere' dismantled. Dave Battagello. Windsor Star. April 26, 2012.
- Web site: Controversial ramp along Ambassador Bridge being removed Detroit Free Press freep.com. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140106033353/http://www.freep.com/article/20120417/BUSINESS06/204170331/. 2014-01-06.
- News: Bridge to Nowhere to go places. Mary Shinn. Durango Herald. Feb 15, 2015. July 13, 2017.
- News: Bridge to Nowhere may link to 550. Three Springs.
- News: Bridge to Nowhere's sinking ramps need a face lift . Luke Perkins . Durango Herald . Aug 11, 2016 .
- Web site: BICYCLE AND PEDESTRIAN PATH | Bay Bridge Info. 17 March 2021.
- Web site: Ladgrove . Petria . Bridge To Nowhere . Australian Broadcasting Corporation . 8 May 2021 . 7 Dec 2009 .
- Web site: Transportation Infrastructure Management System - Existing Structures in the Provincial Highway Corridor. Alberta Transportation. September 28, 2012.
- Web site: McMurray Milestones - Bridge To Nowhere. https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/0acIR0cqdkk . 2021-12-21 . live. 22 September 2015 . www.youtube.com.
- Web site: Taoiseach opens 'the bridge to nowhere'. Independent.ie. 15 May 2009 .
- Web site: BRIAN'S STUNNING HARRY BLANEY BRIDGE PICTURE GOES VIRAL. June 14, 2014.
- Web site: Clifton Coastal Run. Clifton Coastal. Run.
- Web site: BRIAN'S STUNNING HARRY BLANEY BRIDGE PICTURE GOES VIRAL – Donegal Daily. www.donegaldaily.com. 14 June 2014 .
- News: Bridge to nowhere . . 1 April 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181115010554/https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20140401/local/Bridge-to-nowhere.513046 . 15 November 2018.
- News: Micallef . Keith . Breakwater bridge to be brought back to light . . 1 January 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180101143031/https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20180101/local/breakwater-bridge-to-be-brought-back-to-light.666920 . 1 January 2018.
- News: Bridge to Russky island starts working in Vladivostok . Siberian Times. 3 January 2018.
- News: A Reborn Ford Island Hosts Military Minds . Gregg K. . Kakesako . 2 September 2007 . Star-Bulletin . 11 February 2014.
- News: Alaska Seeks Alternative to Bridge Plan. September 23, 2007. New York Times. Associated Press staff. April 3, 2009.
- News: Alaska's longest bridge completed across Tanana River. August 5, 2014. Alaska Dispatch News. Dermot Cole. August 5, 2014.
- News: State's Longest Bridge Nears Completion, but Budget Cuts May Limit Army's Ability to Use It. November 8, 2013. KUAC . Tim Ellis . August 5, 2014.
- Web site: Trackside Treasure: CN's Millhaven Spur . 28 September 2010 .
- https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&dat=19831108&id=Cq8yAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Ne8FAAAAIBAJ&pg=6238,4937729 "New canal head may change hiring methods"
- Web site: Railway Swing Bridge - Lachine Canal . Waymarking . 14 May 2018.
- Web site: The National – The Middle East. Explained . 3 January 2018.
- Web site: Earthglance – Bridge to nowhere on an undeveloped island in Abu... . Earthglance . 3 January 2018.
- Web site: Illinois Central Drawbridge, Omaha, NE. www.johnweeks.com.
- Web site: Downtown Columbus Abandoned Overpass to Come Down in 2022. 6 July 2021.
- News: The Vincent Thomas Bridge. October 21, 2009. Sam. Gnerre.
