| Breconshire | |
| Type: | County |
| Parliament: | uk |
| Year: | 1542 |
| Abolished: | 1918 |
| Elects Howmany: | one |
| Next: | Brecon and Radnor |
Breconshire or Brecknockshire was a constituency in Wales which returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the English Parliament, and later to the Parliament of Great Britain and of the United Kingdom, between 1542 and 1918. (Historically, the "-shire" suffix was often omitted, leading to potential confusion with the Brecon borough constituency, which existed until 1885.)
Like the rest of Wales, Breconshire was given the right to representation by the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542, and first returned an MP to the Parliament of 1542. The constituency consisted of the historic county of Brecknockshire. (Although the county town, Brecon, was a borough which elected an MP in its own right, it was not excluded from the county constituency, and owning property within the borough could confer a vote at the county election.) The county elected one MP, who was chosen by the first past the post electoral system — when there was a contest at all, which was rare.
As in other county constituencies, the franchise until 1832 was defined by the Forty Shilling Freeholder Act, which gave the right to vote to every man who possessed freehold property within the county valued at £2 or more per year for the purposes of land tax; it was not necessary for the freeholder to occupy his land, nor even in later years to be resident in the county at all. At the time of the Great Reform Act in 1832, Breconshire had a population of approximately 47,800, but the rarity of contested elections makes it difficult to make a reliable estimate of the number qualified to vote; the greatest number ever recorded as voting before the Reform Act was 1,641 at the general election of 1818.
For centuries before 1832, Breconshire politics was dominated by the Morgan family of Tredegar, who were usually able to nominate the county's MP without opposition (as was also the case in Brecon borough). The changes introduced by the Reform Act did little to shake this hold, and a Morgan was still sitting unopposed in the 1860s. The Reform Act extended the county franchise slightly, allowing tenants-at-will, copyholders and leaseholders to vote, but Breconshire's electorate was still only 1,668 at the first post-Reform election, though it grew in the subsequent half-century.
Breconshire was always an almost entirely rural constituency, mountainous and offering poor resources for its agricultural population. The Industrial Revolution, however, brought coal-mining to the south of the county, and by the late 19th century this was much the most important economic activity and was probably the most important factor in its developing a political mind of its own. By the 1890s it had abandoned its loyalty to the (Conservative) Morgans, and like other industrial constituencies in Wales was a safe Liberal seat.
By the time of the 1911 census, the population of Breconshire was 63,036, and there were around 13,000 voters on the register around the outbreak of the First World War, a respectable size, but neighbouring Radnorshire with barely 6,000 voters was too small to survive. With effect from the 1918 general election, the two constituencies were merged, to form a new Brecon and Radnor constituency.
| MPs 1542-1640 —MPs 1640-1918 —Elections —References —Notes |
| Parliament | Member | |
|---|---|---|
| 1545 | John Games (or ap Morgan) [1] | |
| 1547 | Sir John Price | |
| 1553 (Mar) | Sir Roger Vaughan | |
| 1553 (Oct) | Sir Roger Vaughan | |
| 1554 (Apr) | Sir Roger Vaughan | |
| 1554 (Nov) | Rhys Vaughan | |
| 1558 | Watkin (or Walter) Herbert | |
| 1559 (Jan) | Sir Roger Vaughan[2] | |
| 1562 (Dec) | Rowland Vaughan, died and replaced 1566 by Matthew Arundell | |
| 1571 | Sir Roger Vaughan | |
| 1572 | Thomas Games | |
| 1584 (Nov) | Thomas Games | |
| 1586 | Thomas Games | |
| 1588–1589 | Sir Robert Knollys | |
| 1593 | Sir Robert Knollys | |
| 1597 (Sep) | Sir Robert Knollys | |
| 1601 (Oct) | Sir Robert Knollys | |
| 1614 | Sir Charles Vaughan | |
| 1621 | Sir Henry Williams | |
| 1625 | Sir Charles Vaughan | |
| 1626 | John Price | |
| 1628 | Henry Williams | |
| 1629–1640 | No Parliaments summoned |
| Year | Member | Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| April 1640 | William Morgan | Parliamentarian | ||
| November 1640 | William Morgan | Parliamentarian | ||
| 1650 | ||||
| 1653 | Breconshire was not separately represented in the Barebones Parliament | |||
| Representation increased to two members, 1654 | ||||
| 1654 | ||||
| 1656 | ||||
| Representation reverted to one member, 1659 | ||||
| January 1659 | ||||
| May 1659 | ||||
| April 1660 | Sir William Lewis | |||
| April 1661 | Sir Henry Williams | |||
| November 1661 | John Jeffreys | |||
| 1662 | Edward Proger | |||
| 1679 | Richard Williams | |||
| 1685 | Edward Jones | |||
| 1690 | Rowland Gwynne | Whig | ||
| 1695 | Edward Jones | Tory | ||
| 1697 | Sir Edward Williams | Tory | ||
| 1698 | Sir Rowland Gwynne | Whig | ||
| 1702 | John Jeffreys | Tory | ||
| 1705 | Sir Edward Williams | Tory | ||
| 1721 | William Gwyn Vaughan | |||
| 1734 | John Jeffreys | |||
| 1747 | Thomas Morgan | |||
| 1769 | Charles Morgan | |||
| 1787 | Sir Charles Gould (later Sir Charles Gould Morgan) [3] | |||
| 1806 | Thomas Wood | Tory[4] | ||
| 1834 | Conservative | |||
| 1847 | Sir Joseph Bailey | Conservative | ||
| 1858 | Hon. Godfrey Morgan | Conservative | ||
| 1875 | William Fuller-Maitland | Liberal | ||
| 1895 | Charles Morley | Liberal | ||
| 1906 | Sidney Robinson | Liberal | ||
| 1918 | Constituency abolished | |||
Bailey's death caused a by-election.
Morgan succeeded to the peerage, becoming Lord Tredegar.