Breast disease explained

Breast disease
Field:	Gynecology
Synonyms:	Breast problems

Breast diseases make up a number of conditions. The most common symptoms are a breast mass, breast pain, and nipple discharge.^[1]

A majority of breast diseases are noncancerous.^[2] Although breast disease may be benign, or non-life threatening there remains an associated risk with potentially a higher risk of developing breast cancer later on.^[3]

Tumor

A breast tumor is an abnormal mass of tissue in the breast as a result of neoplasia. A breast neoplasm may be benign, as in fibroadenoma, or it may be malignant, in which case it is termed breast cancer. Either case commonly presents as a breast lump. Approximately 7% of breast lumps are fibroadenomas and 10% are breast cancer, the rest being other benign conditions or no disease.^[4]

Phyllodes tumor is a fibroepithelial tumor which can be benign, borderline or malignant.

Breast cancer

Breast cancer is cancer of the breast tissues, most commonly arising from the milk ducts. Worldwide, breast cancer is the leading type of cancer in women, accounting for 25% of all cases.^[5] It is most common in women over age 50.

Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid coming from the nipple, a newly inverted nipple, or a red or scaly patch of skin.^[6] Diagnosis may also be made when the cancer is asymptomatic, through breast cancer screening programs, such as mammograms. Outcomes for breast cancer vary depending on the cancer type, extent of disease, and person's age.^[7] Survival rates in the developed world are high,^[8] with between 80% and 90% of those in England and the United States alive for at least 5 years.^{[9] [10]}

Fibrocystic breast changes

See main article: Fibrocystic breast changes. Also called: fibrocystic breast disease, chronic cystic mastitis, diffuse cystic mastopathy, mammary dysplasia

Infections and inflammations

See main article: Mastitis. These may be caused among others by trauma, secretory stasis/milk engorgement, hormonal stimulation, infections or autoimmune reactions.Repeated occurrence unrelated to lactation requires endocrinological examination.

• bacterial mastitis
• mastitis from milk engorgement or secretory stasis
• mastitis
• chronic subareolar abscess
• tuberculosis of the breast
• syphilis of the breast
• retromammary abscess
• actinomycosis of the breast
• duct ectasia syndrome
• breast engorgement

Other breast conditions

• Mondor's disease
• Paget's disease of the breast
• nipple discharge, galactorrhea
• breast cyst
• mastalgia
• galactocoele

See also

• Mammary gland

Further reading

• Irshad . A. . Ackerman . S. J. . Pope . T. L. . Moses . C. K. . Rumboldt . T. . Panzegrau . B. . 10.1148/rg.285075743 . Rare Breast Lesions: Correlation of Imaging and Histologic Features with WHO Classification1 . Radiographics . 28 . 5 . 1399–1414 . 2008 . 18794315 .

Notes and References

1. Salzman . B . Fleegle . S . Tully . AS . Common breast problems. . American Family Physician . 15 August 2012 . 86 . 4 . 343–9 . 22963023.
2. Web site: MedlinePlus: Breast Diseases . 2018-03-21 . 2016-07-05 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160705055617/https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/breastdiseases.html . live .
3. Web site: Non-Cancerous Breast Conditions Benign Conditions . www.cancer.org . en.
4. Page 739 in: Book: Mitchell, Richard Sheppard . Kumar, Vinay . Abbas, Abul K. . Fausto, Nelson . Robbins Basic Pathology. 2007 . Saunders . Philadelphia . 978-1-4160-2973-1 . 8th edition.
5. Book: World Cancer Report 2014. 2014. World Health Organization. 978-92-832-0429-9. Chapter 1.1.
6. Web site: Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®). 23 May 2014. NCI. https://web.archive.org/web/20140705110404/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/breast/Patient/page1/AllPages. 5 July 2014. live. 29 June 2014. dmy-all.
7. Web site: Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®). 26 June 2014. NCI. https://web.archive.org/web/20140705110521/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/breast/healthprofessional/page1/AllPages. 5 July 2014. live. 29 June 2014. dmy-all.
8. Web site: World Cancer Report. 2008. International Agency for Research on Cancer. https://web.archive.org/web/20110720232417/http://www.iarc.fr/en/publications/pdfs-online/wcr/2008/wcr_2008.pdf. 20 July 2011. dead. 26 February 2011. dmy-all.
9. Web site: SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Breast Cancer. NCI. https://web.archive.org/web/20140703030149/http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/breast.html. 3 July 2014. live. 18 June 2014. dmy-all.
10. Web site: Cancer Survival in England: Patients Diagnosed 2007–2011 and Followed up to 2012. 29 October 2013. Office for National Statistics. https://web.archive.org/web/20141129124915/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_333318.pdf. 29 November 2014. live. 29 June 2014. dmy-all.