Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics explained

Agency Name:Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics
Nativename:Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística
Headquarters:Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Employees:11,850[1]
Budget: R$ R$ 2.45 billion (2022)[2] [3]
Chief1 Name:Marcio Pochmann
Chief1 Position:President
Parent Agency:Ministry of the Economy
Footnotes:The Demographic Census 2022 budget is
R$ 2.29 billion[4]

The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Portuguese: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; IBGE) is the agency responsible for official collection of statistical, geographic, cartographic, geodetic and environmental information in Brazil. IBGE performs a decennial national census; questionnaires account for information such as age, household income, literacy, education, occupation and hygiene levels.

IBGE is a public institute created in 1936 under the name National Institute of Statistics. Its founder and chief proponent was statistician Mário Augusto Teixeira de Freitas. The current name dates from 1938. Its headquarters are located in Rio de Janeiro, and its current president is Marcio Pochmann, replacing Eduardo Rios Neto.[5] [6] It was made a federal agency by Decree-Law No. 161 on February 13, 1967, and is linked to the Ministry of the Economy, inside the Secretariat of Planning, Budget and Management.[7]

Structure

IBGE has a network of national research and dissemination components, comprising:

Also in Rio are five boards and a school: Executive Directors (ED), Directorate of Research (DPE), Department of Geosciences (DGC), Department of Informatics (DI), Center for Documentation and Information Dissemination (CDDI) and the, a degree-granting institution.

The Directorate of Research is responsible for planning and coordinating the research of nature and processing of statistical data collected by the state units; the Department of Geosciences is responsible for basic cartography, the national geodetic system, with a survey of natural resources and environment and by survey and geographical studies.

The Center for Documentation and Information Dissemination is responsible for documentation and dissemination of information produced by the institute as well as coordinating the 27 CDDIs in the country, and the National School of Statistical Sciences, besides being responsible for training the institute's employees, is a federal institution of higher learning that offers the following courses: BA in statistics; specialization in Environmental Analysis and Management Planning, and Masters in Population Studies and Social Research.

The IBGE also maintains the Roncador Ecological Reserve, situated 35 km south of Brasília.

System of national accounts

Gives an overview of the economy and describes the phenomena of economic life: production, consumption and wealth accumulation, providing a comprehensive and simplified representation of these data. The System of National Accounts IBGE follows the most recent UN recommendations expressed in the Handbook of National Accounts (System of National Accounts 1993, SNA), including the calculation of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the Input-output matrix.

Quarterly national accounts

Displays the current value and volume indices (1991 = 100) every quarter for the Gross Domestic Product at market prices, taxes on products, value added at basic prices, personal consumption, government consumption, Gross fixed capital formation, changes in inventories, exports and imports of goods and services. Two series of index numbers are calculated: the basis of the previous year and chained with reference to 1990 (1990 = 100). The series is seasonally adjusted using X-12-ARIMA, enabling calculation of the rates of change over the previous quarter.

The IBGE survey was started in 1988 and restructured after 1998, when their results were integrated into the current System of National Accounts. The annual weights are derived from this new system accounts.

Archives

IBGE maintains the following archives (non-exhaustive list):

Requirement and confidentiality of information

The legislation, according to Federal Decree No. 73,177 of November 20, 1973[8] and Law No. 5534 of November 14, 1968,[9] modified by Law No. 5878 of May 11, 1978,[10] deals with the obligation and confidentiality of information collected by IBGE, which is intended exclusively for statistical purposes and has no legal value, not being usable as evidence or proof.

Failure to provide information within the specified deadlines, or providing false information is a crime subject to a fine, initially, of up to 10 times the highest minimum wage in the country, and up to twice this limit on later occasions.

Some economic indicators released by the IBGE

Censuses

Population census

The best known census is the population census . First conducted in its modern form in 1872, it is now conducted every ten years, usually in years ending in zero. No census took place in 1880, 1910 or 1930.[11]

The census is conducted solely by the IBGE, as enshrined in law. Comprehensive demographic data is collected on the population (including age, income, sex, etc.), as well as housing stock.[12] Unlike approaches taken in other countries (e.g., the United States), the questionnaire asks respondents to self-identify by skin color, phrasing the question as "Color or Race".[13]

The most recent census was conducted in 2010; the 2020 census was delayed to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[14]

Population counts

A simpler population count (contagem de população) is theoretically made in the interval between two censuses, starting in 1996. These aim to update the data on the number of inhabitants, of great importance to Brazil's cities, because annual grants from the Municipalities Participation Fund are determined mainly by population. The IBGE is responsible for estimating populations annually for every municipality in the country, and these population counts enhance the quality of estimates.[15]

The first population count was conducted in 1996, not only to update population data, but also to get municipality level data after the emergence and redefinition of new municipalities after the census of 1991. The most recent count was done in 2007, delayed from 2005 because of budgetary concerns, and the 2016 count was completely cancelled for similar reasons.[16]

Agricultural census

The agricultural census collects information on agricultural establishments, forests and/or aquaculture of all municipalities of the country. The goal of this research is to update previous census data and to provide information about economic, social, and environmental farming. Since 1996, the census has occurred roughly every 10 years.[17]

The 1996 agricultural census was conducted by IBGE from August 1995 to July 1996, in reference to Brazil's crop harvests. The following agricultural census was undertaken in 2007, and surveyed agricultural activity for the 2006 calendar year. The 2017 agricultural census returned to a survey period based on crop harvests, and was conducted from October 2016 to September 2017, with results released in 2018.[18]

See also

External links

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Notes and References

  1. Web site: Relatório de Gestão 2021 . July 9, 2022 . IBGE . 20, 122 . pt-br.
  2. Web site: Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE . July 9, 2022 . . pt-br.
  3. Web site: Sobre a complementação do orçamento do Censo 2022 . October 15, 2021 . July 9, 2022 . IBGE . pt-br.
  4. Web site: IBGE precisará recompor orçamento do Censo 2022 por causa da inflação. 27 June 2022. 9 July 2022. pt-br. Agência Brasil.
  5. Web site: April 27, 2021 . Eduardo Luiz Rios Neto é nomeado presidente do IBGE . June 10, 2022 . Agência Brasil . pt-br.
  6. Web site: 2023-08-08 . Marcio Pochmann é nomeado presidente do IBGE . 2024-03-25 . G1 . pt-br.
  7. Web site: Decreto-lei nº 161, de 13 de fevereiro de 1967 . pt . Portal da Legislação . Centro de Estudos Jurídicos da Presidência . 21 September 2019.
  8. Web site: Decreto nº 73.177 de 20 de novembro de 1973 . pt . Portal da Legislação . Centro de Estudos Jurídicos da Presidência . 21 September 2019.
  9. Web site: Lei nº 5.534 de 14 de novembro de 1968 . pt . Portal da Legislação . Centro de Estudos Jurídicos da Presidência . 21 September 2019.
  10. Web site: Lei nº 5.878 de 11 de maio de 1973 . pt . Portal da Legislação . Centro de Estudos Jurídicos da Presidência . 21 September 2019.
  11. 2000-11-01. History counts: a comparative analysis of racial/color categorization in US and Brazilian censuses. American Journal of Public Health. 90. 11. 1738–1745. 10.2105/AJPH.90.11.1738. 0090-0036. 1446411. 11076243. Nobles . M. .
  12. Web site: Population Census IBGE. 2021-04-02. www.ibge.gov.br.
  13. Web site: Ethno-Racial Characteristics of the Population - PCERP 2008 IBGE. 2021-04-02. www.ibge.gov.br.
  14. News: 2020-03-17. Brazil postpones 2020 census to 2022 due to coronavirus outbreak. en. Reuters. 2021-04-02.
  15. Web site: Population Count IBGE. 2021-04-02. www.ibge.gov.br.
  16. Web site: Rio. Do G1. 2015-03-26. IBGE cancela contagem da população em 2016 após corte no orçamento. 2021-04-02. Economia. pt-br.
  17. Web site: Census of Agriculture: Description . IBGE . https://web.archive.org/web/20190922001703/https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/economic/agriculture-forestry-and-fishing/21929-2017-2017-censo-agropecuario-en.html?=&t=o-que-e . 2019-09-22 . live . 21 September 2019.
  18. Web site: 2018 in retrospect: IBGE releases Census of Agriculture and prepares for the Population Census . Saraiva . Adriana . 28 December 2018 . IBGE News Agency . IBGE . https://web.archive.org/web/20190922001547/https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/en/agencia-news/2184-news-agency/news/23478-2018-in-retrospect-ibge-releases-census-of-agriculture-and-prepares-for-the-population-census . 2019-09-22 . live . 21 September 2019.