| Brazilian Antarctic Program | |
| Native Name: | Programa Antártico Brasileiro |
| Type: | Government agency |
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| Headquarters: | Brasília, Federal District |
| Minister7 Name: | --> |
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| Chief9 Name: | --> |
| Parent Agency: | CNPq, Brazilian Navy |
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The Brazilian Antarctic Program (Portuguese: Programa Antártico Brasileiro; PROANTAR) is a program of the Brazilian Navy which has presence in the continent of Antarctica. It coordinates research and the operational support for research in the region. It currently maintains a year-round research station in Antarctica (Comandante Ferraz Antarctic Station), as well as several seasonal field camps. It also maintains two research vessels that sail in the Antarctic waters (the icebreakers Almirante Maximiano and Ary Rongel).
The program was officially created in January 1982, when the Brazilian Navy acquired the Danish icebreaker Thala Dan, later renamed Barão de Teffé. That same year, Brazil sent its first expedition ("Operation Antarctica I") to the Antarctic continent. The Barão de Teffé conducted a reconnaissance mission to the northwestern sector of Antarctica in order to select the location where the future Brazilian Antarctic Station would be built. The success of that expedition resulted in international recognition of the Brazilian presence in Antarctica, which allowed the acceptance of the country as a consultative party to the Antarctic Treaty in 1983.
A second expedition ("Operation Antarctica II") was held in the summer of 1983–84, primarily focused on transporting and constructing the Brazilian station. The Comandante Ferraz Antarctic Station, consisting of 8 modules, was completed on 6 February 1984. The station was expanded to 33 modules in the following year. Starting in 1986, the station became permanently occupied during the 365 days of the year.
In February 1991, President Fernando Collor de Mello reaffirmed Brazil's interest in the region by visiting the Brazilian Antarctic Station, where he spent three days. He was the first Brazilian president to set foot in the Antarctic.[1] In January 2008, 13 congressmen members of the Brazilian Antarctica Parliamentary Committee visited the Brazilian Antarctic Station.[2] Another visit by the members of Congress took place in January 2009.[3]
On February 16, 2008, President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and a delegation of twenty-three people, including first lady Marisa Letícia, visited the country's station in Antarctica. The Brazilian Government defined the presidential trip as a "political gesture" in support of the work displayed by Brazilian scientists and military personnel.[4] [5]
In 2009, the Brazilian Navy incorporated the icebreaker Almirante Maximiano (ex-"Ocean Empress") into its fleet. The Almirante Maximiano operates UH-12/13 and IH-6B aircraft with a hangar for two helicopters. The Brazilian Navy installed five modern laboratories for the development of scientific research in the Antarctic environment. The ship can accommodate 106 passengers, with 1/3 being scientists and researchers.
In 2009 Brazil made its first national scientific expedition to the Antarctic ice sheet.[6] [7] The expedition integrated atmospheric, glaciological, geological and geophysical studies along the Patriot Hills area and also along the subglacial lake Ellsworth area. On 12 January 2012, the Brazilian Antarctic Program inaugurated the Criosfera 1 module, located on the plateau of the western Antarctica ice sheet, at 84°00' S - 79°30' W. It is located 670km (420miles) from the geographical South Pole and 2500km (1,600miles) south of the Comandante Ferraz Antarctic Station.
On 25 February 2012, a blast in the machine room housing the generators at the station caused a fire that, according to the Brazilian navy, destroyed approximately 70% of the building.[8] Two soldiers, originally reported as missing by the Brazilian navy, were found dead in the debris of the station after the fire, while a third one sustained non-life-threatening injuries.[9] It has been rebuilt since and the new facility was inaugurated with the presence of Brazil's Vice-President Hamilton Mourão and Minister of Science and Technology Marcos Pontes in January 2020.[10]
The Brazilian Navy and the Brazilian Air Force are responsible for the logistics of the Brazilian Antarctic Program, including the transport of military and civilian personnel, equipment, and supplies to Antarctica. The main equipment used for this purpose are:
The Brazilian Antarctic Program is managed by the Brazilian Navy in partnership with various government organizations. Also, several Federal universities and research institutes take part in the program.