Bradynobaenidae Explained

The Bradynobaenidae are a family of wasps similar to the Mutillidae, differing most visibly in the presence, in females, of a suture separating the pronotum from the mesonotum. These species are often found in arid regions.

Taxonomy

Recent classifications (beginning in 2008) remove two of the constituent subfamilies, both from the New World, to a separate family Chyphotidae, thus restricting true bradynobaenids to the Old World.^{[1] [2]}

The retained genera are classified as follows:

Subfamily Apterogyninae

• Apterogyna Latreille, 1809
• Gynecaptera Skorikov, 1935
• Macroocula Panfilov, 1954^[3]
• Micatagla Argaman, 1994 (at least 54 living species per Gadallah, et al., 2019)

Subfamily Bradynobaeninae

• Bradynobaenus Spinola, 1851

Genera placed in Chyphotidae

Five genera were transferred to Chyphotidae and are no longer considered members of Bradynobaenidae:^[4]

• Chyphotes Blake, 1886
• Eotilla Schuster, 1949
• Prototilla Schuster, 1949
• Typhoctes Ashmead, 1899
• Typhoctoides Brothers, 1974

External links

• Web site: Bradynobaenidae . . March 19, 2004 . October 8, 2010.

Notes and References

1. Pilgrim . E. . von Dohlen . C. . Pitts . J. . 2008 . Molecular phylogenetics of Vespoidea indicate paraphyly of the superfamily and novel relationships of its component families and subfamilies . Zoologica Scripta . 37 . 5 . 539–560 . 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00340.x. 85905070 .
2. Johnson . B.R. . 2013 . Phylogenomics Resolves Evolutionary Relationships among Ants, Bees, and Wasps . Current Biology . 23 . 20 . 2058–2062 . 10.1016/j.cub.2013.08.050. etal . 24094856. free .
3. An illustrated key to the Saudi Arabian species of the genus Macroocula Panfilov, 1954, with the description of a new species and the previously unknown female of M. andreai Pagliano . ZooKeys . 742 . 35–56 . 3 April 2018. 10.3897/zookeys.742.22854 . 29670430 . 5904544 . 2018 . Soliman . Ahmed M. . Gadallah . Neveen S. . Al Dhafer . Hathal Mohammed . free .
4. Torréns . Javier . Fidalgo . Patricio . Roig-Alsina . Arturo . Brothers . Dennis J . 2014 . Review of the genus Eotilla Schuster, 1949 (Hymenoptera: Bradynobaenidae: Typhoctinae: Eotillini) and description of new species from Argentina . Zootaxa . 3878 . 1 . 1–18 . 10.11646/zootaxa.3878.1.1. 11336/29726 . free .