Brachycephalus nodoterga explained

Brachycephalus nodoterga, also known as the Serra Cantareira saddleback toad, is a species of frog in the family Brachycephalidae. It is endemic to the eastern São Paulo state (both the mainland and Ilha de São Sebastião) of southeastern Brazil, and only known from five locations in Atlantic rainforest at altitudes of .^{[1] [2]}

Description

Adult males measure about 121NaN1 and adult females about 131NaN1 in snout–vent length; the largest females can reach 14.51NaN1 SVL. This tiny toad has bumpy skin and an overall yellow-orange colour, with its upperparts generally tending towards a duller and darker brownish-green hue.^{[1] [2] [3]} Unlike the more conspicuously coloured B. ephippium and B. pernix, studies of B. nodoterga have not detected toxins in its skin or organs.^[4]

Habitat and conservation

Little is known about its behavior, but like other saddleback toads it lives among leaf litter.^[5] Its conservation status was last reviewed by the IUCN in 2004 where regarded as data deficient (insufficient information for rating it), but an independent review in 2019 that used IUCN's criteria recommended that B. nodoterga should be recognised as vulnerable.^[1]

Notes and References

1. Bornschein, M.R. . M.R. Pie . L. Teixeira . amp. 2019 . Conservation status of Brachycephalus Toadlets (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest . Diversity . 11 . 9 . 150 . 10.3390/d11090150 . free .
2. Clemente-Carvalho . Rute B. G. . Perez . Sergio I. . Tonhatti . Carlos H. . Condez . Thais H. . Sawaya . Ricardo J. . Haddad . Celio F. B. . Reis . Sergio F. dos . amp. Boundaries of morphological and molecular variation and the distribution range of a miniaturized froglet, Brachycephalus nodoterga (Anura: Brachycephalidae) . Journal of Herpetology . March 2016 . 50 . 1 . 169–178 . 10.1670/14-119. 86345886 . 11336/54660 . free .
3. Pombal . José P. Jr. . 2010 . A posição taxonômica das "variedades" de Brachycephalus ephippium (Spix, 1824) descritas por Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalidae) . Boletim do Museu Nacional . Nova Série, Zoologia . 526 . 1–12 .
4. Pires . Osmindo R. . Sebben . Antonio . Schwartz . Elisabeth F. . Morales . Rodrigo A.V. . Bloch . Carlos . Schwartz . Carlos A. . amp. Further report of the occurrence of tetrodotoxin and new analogues in the Anuran family Brachycephalidae . Toxicon . 2005 . 45 . 1 . 73–79 . 10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.09.016. 15581685 .
5. Abegg, A.D. . F.R. Ortiz . B. Rocha . T.H. Condez . amp. 2015 . A new record for Brachycephalus nodoterga (Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalidae) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil . Check List . 11 . 5 . 1769 . 10.15560/11.5.1769 . free .