Thalassophonea Explained

Thalassophonea is an extinct clade of pliosaurids from the Middle Jurassic to the early Late Cretaceous (Callovian to Turonian) of Australia, Europe, North America and South America. Thalassophonea was erected by Roger Benson and Patrick Druckenmiller in 2013. The name is derived from Greek thalassa (θάλασσα), "sea", and phoneus (φονεύς), "murderer". It is a stem-based taxon defined as "all taxa more closely related to Pliosaurus brachydeirus than to Marmornectes candrewi".[1] It includes the short necked and large headed taxa that typify the family.[2] The largest representatives reached NaNm (-2,147,483,648feet), in length, with around a quarter of this length being the head. Thalassophonean pliosaurs represented the largest marine predators during their existence, spanning more than 80 million years.[3]

Classification

The following cladogram follows an analysis by Benson & Druckenmiller (2014).[1]

Notes and References

  1. Benson . R. B. J. . Druckenmiller . P. S. . 10.1111/brv.12038 . Faunal turnover of marine tetrapods during the Jurassic-Cretaceous transition . Biological Reviews . 89 . 1–23 . 2014 . 1 . first published online 2013 . 23581455. 19710180 .
  2. Sachs, S.. Madzia, D.. Thuy, B.. Kear, B.P.. October 16, 2023. The rise of macropredatory pliosaurids near the Early-Middle Jurassic transition. Scientific Reports. 13. 17558. 1-16. 10.1038/s41598-023-43015-y. free. 10579310.
  3. N. G. Zverkov, E. M. Pervushov. 2020. A gigantic pliosaurid from the Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) of the Volga Region, Russia. Cretaceous Research. 110. 10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104419.