| Country: | Scotland |
| Official Name: | Bowmore |
| Gaelic Name: | Bogh Mòr [1] |
| Population Ref: | |
| Coordinates: | 55.757°N -6.287°W |
| Os Grid Reference: | NR310598 |
| Civil Parish: | Killarow and Kilmeny |
| Unitary Scotland: | Argyll and Bute |
| Lieutenancy Scotland: | Argyll and Bute |
| Constituency Westminster: | Argyll and Bute |
| Constituency Scottish Parliament: | Argyll and Bute |
| Static Image Name: | Bowmore Round Church - geograph.org.uk - 1191.jpg |
| Static Image Caption: | Bowmore main street, looking towards Kilarrow Parish Church |
| Post Town: | ISLE OF ISLAY |
| Postcode District: | PA43 |
| Postcode Area: | PA |
| Dial Code: | 01496 |
| Edinburgh Distance Mi: | 121 |
| London Distance Mi: | 387 |
Bowmore (gd|Bogh Mòr, 'Big Bend'[2]) is a small town on the Scottish island of Islay, situated on the banks of the sea loch, Loch Indaal. It serves as administrative capital of the island, and gives its name to the noted Bowmore distillery producing Bowmore single malt scotch whisky.
Bowmore is a planned village with wide streets on a grid-iron pattern. It has its origins in an earlier settlement, Kilarrow, which until occupied the site of the present grounds of Islay House near Bridgend.[3]
In May 1685, Kilarrow was the scene of the first stages of Argyll's Rising, when rebels under the Earl of Argyll arrived from Netherlands in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow King James II and VII.
As part of his plans for improvements at Islay House,[3] Daniel Campbell the Younger initiated the construction of the new village in 1770, just after the completion of the new Kilarrow Parish Church, which was built in a unique circular shape. The old village of Kilarrow and its church dedicated to St Maelrhuba, were then demolished, and its residents were relocated to the new village of Bowmore. Kilarrow Old Churchyard still exists close to the site of the former village.[4]
The Bowmore distillery came into operation some time before 1816 and is situated on the shores of Loch Indaal. In the 1980s, one of the distillery's warehouses was gifted to the community for conversion to a swimming pool and leisure centre. Named the Mactaggart Centre after one of the scheme's major donors, Sir John Mactaggart, it uses an innovative system of underground pipes to transfer waste heat from the distillery to the water for the swimming pool.[5]
There was a RAF seaplane base at Bowmore during the Second World War called RAF Bowmore. Short Sunderland and Consolidated PBY Catalina flying boats operated from Loch Indaal. Some of the wartime film Coastal Command was filmed in Bowmore - fictional name RAF Ferry Bay - and it features a shot of a Sunderland flying low over the main street of Bowmore and over Kilarrow Parish Church.
The RAF built a diesel power station close to the A846 road at the eastern end of Bowmore, to supply their facilities. This was taken over by the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board in 1949, and was extended several times, increasing its capacity to 6 MW. However, the National Grid reached Islay in 1962, with an undersea cable connection from the mainland to Jura, and another from Jura to Islay, after which the station was only maintained as a backup. It is currently owned by Scottish and Southern Electricity.[6]
Bowmore has several hotels, restaurants, shops, a hospital, a high school and is home to the Ìleach newspaper, community newspaper of the year 2006. Bowmore is also host to Ionad Chaluim Chille Ìle (the Columba Centre), a cultural centre and college founded with the aim of promoting Gaelic language revival and heritage on the Island.