| Country: | Botswana |
| Type: | parliamentary |
| Vote Type: | Popular |
| Previous Election: | 2014 Botswana general election |
| Previous Year: | 2014 |
| Outgoing Members: | 11th Parliament of Botswana |
| Election Date: | 23 October 2019 |
| Next Election: | 2024 Botswana general election |
| Next Year: | 2024 |
| Elected Members: | 12th Parliament of Botswana |
| Registered: | 925,478 |
| Seats For Election: | 57 of the 65 seats in the National Assembly |
| Majority Seats: | 29 |
| Turnout: | 84.15% (0.65pp) |
| Leader1: | Mokgweetsi Masisi |
| Party1: | Botswana Democratic Party |
| Leaders Seat1: | None |
| Last Election1: | 46.45%, 37 seats |
| Seats1: | 38 |
| Seat Change1: | 1 |
| Popular Vote1: | 406,561 |
| Percentage1: | 52.65% |
| Swing1: | 6.20pp |
| Leader2: | Duma Boko |
| Party2: | Umbrella for Democratic Change |
| Leaders Seat2: | Gaborone Bonnington North (defeated) |
| Last Election2: | 30.01%, 17 seats |
| Seats2: | 15 |
| Seat Change2: | 3 |
| Popular Vote2: | 277,071 |
| Percentage2: | 35.88% |
| Swing2: | 5.87pp |
| Leader4: | Biggie Butale |
| Party4: | Botswana Patriotic Front |
| Leaders Seat4: | Tati West (defeated) |
| Last Election4: | – |
| Seats4: | 3 |
| Seat Change4: | New |
| Popular Vote4: | 34,068 |
| Percentage4: | 4.41% |
| Swing4: | New |
| Image5: | AP |
| Leader5: | Ndaba Gaolathe |
| Party5: | Alliance for Progressives |
| Leaders Seat5: | Gaborone Bonnington South (defeated) |
| Last Election5: | – |
| Seats5: | 1 |
| Seat Change5: | New |
| Popular Vote5: | 39,561 |
| Percentage5: | 5.12% |
| Swing5: | New |
| President | |
| Before Election: | Mokgweetsi Masisi |
| Before Party: | Botswana Democratic Party |
| After Election: | Mokgweetsi Masisi |
| After Party: | Botswana Democratic Party |
General elections were held in Botswana on 23 October 2019 to elect MPs and local government councillors.[1] Despite a high profile split in the ruling Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) in May 2019 when former President Ian Khama left the party and switched his support to the new Botswana Patriotic Front, the BDP's vote share increased to almost 53% as the party won 38 of the 57 elected seats in the National Assembly, a gain of one compared to the 2014 elections. The elections were the twelfth straight victory for the BDP.
Following the 2014 elections, there were two opposing factions in parliament: the Umbrella for Democratic Change (an alliance of the Botswana National Front, the Botswana Movement for Democracy and the Botswana People's Party), and the Botswana Congress Party (BCP). In February 2017, the Botswana Congress Party (BCP) also joined the Umbrella for Democratic Change, uniting all parliamentary opposition parties.[2] However, in October 2017, the Alliance for Progressives, led by Ndaba Gaolathe, broke away from the Botswana Movement for Democracy (BMD).[3] The BMD was expelled from the coalition in October 2018 after it refused to forgo contesting constituencies that had originally been allocated to it.[4] [5]
On 1 April 2018, Mokgweetsi Masisi of the Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) was sworn in as Botswana's fifth president, replacing Ian Khama. The BDP held its primary elections on 20 January and 25 August 2018 to select its candidates, with over 1,300 candidates running to be selected to contest the general elections.[6] Following a falling out with Masisi, Khama left the BDP in May 2019 and announced that he would campaign against his former party in support of the Botswana Patriotic Front.[7]
The 65 members of the National Assembly consisted of 57 MPs elected in single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post, six members appointed by the governing party, and two ex-officio members (the President and speaker).[8]
Voters were required to be citizens of Botswana and at least 18 years old, and have been resident in the country for at least 12 months prior to voter registration. People who were declared insane, held dual citizenship, were under a death sentence, had been convicted of an electoral offence or imprisoned for at least six months were not allowed to vote.[9] Candidates had to be citizens of Botswana, at least 21 years old, without an undischarged bankruptcy and be able to speak and read English sufficiently well to take part in parliamentary proceedings.[9]
Several proposed amendments to the Electoral Law, including the introduction of electronic voting and an increase in nomination fees, were dropped in September 2018.[10]
Election day and the two following days were declared public holidays.[11]
African Union and SADC called the elections free and fair, but criticized the lack of indelible ink and translucent ballot boxes at the polling stations.[12] International observers declared the election to be "free and fair."[13]
However, in November 2019 opposition leader Duma Boko claimed that there had been "massive electoral discrepancies" and stated that he planned to challenge the results in court.[14] The appeal was initially dismissed by the High Court in December, but Boko appealed successfully to the Court of Appeal in early January 2020.[15] However, in the full hearing in late January, the Court of Appeal dismissed the petitions on the basis that it did not have sufficient jurisdiction to hear them.[16]