Bothrocophias is a genus of pit vipers in the subfamily Crotalinae of the family Viperidae, known by the common name toadheaded pit vipers.[1] The genus is endemic to South America.
Bothrocophias is a relatively recently identified genus that consists of four[2] to nine species, most of which were traditionally placed in Bothrops.
Recent evidence published by Campbell and Lamar (1989, 2004) suggests that Bothrocophias colombianus may lay eggs rather than give birth to live young. This would make it almost unique among New World pitvipers (but not Asian species). The only other American pitvipers known to lay eggs are the four species of bushmaster (Lachesis).
The following nine species are recognized as being valid.
| Bothrocophias andianus | Bolivia and Peru | |||
| Bothrocophias campbelli | Campbell's toadheaded viperthe Ecuadorian toadheaded pitvipervíbora boca de sapo | Ecuador | ||
| Bothrocophias colombianus | Colombian toad-headed pitviper | Columbia | ||
| Bothrocophias hyoprora | Amazonian toad-headed pitviper | Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia | ||
| Bothrocophias lojanus | Lojan lanceheadmacanchimacaucho | Ecuador, Peru | ||
| Bothrocophias microphthalmus | small-eyed toad-headed pit viper | Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Colombia and Brazil | ||
| Bothrocophias myersi | Myers toadheaded pitviper | Colombia | ||
| Bothrocophias myrringae | High-Andean Toad-Headed Pitviper | Colombia | ||
| Bothrocophias tulitoi | Colombia |
A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Bothrocophias.