Logan International Airport Explained

General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport
Image2-Width:	250
Iata:	BOS
Icao:	KBOS
Faa:	BOS
Wmo:	72509
Type:	Public
Owner-Oper:	Massachusetts Port Authority
Location:	East Boston and Winthrop, Massachusetts, U.S.
Hub:	Delta Air Lines
Focus City:	JetBlue
Operating Base:	Cape Air
Elevation-F:	19
Coordinates:	42.3631°N -71.0064°W
Image Mapsize:	180
Image Map Alt:	A map with a grid overlay showing the terminals runways and other structures of the airport.
Image Map Caption:	FAA airport diagram
Mapframe:	yes
Mapframe-Zoom:	10
Mapframe-Wikidata:	yes
R1-Number:	4L/22R
R1-Length-F:	7,864
R1-Length-M:	2,397
R1-Surface:	Asphalt
R2-Number:	4R/22L
R2-Length-F:	10,006
R2-Length-M:	3,050
R2-Surface:	Asphalt
R3-Number:	9/27
R3-Length-F:	7,001
R3-Length-M:	2,134
R3-Surface:	Asphalt
R4-Number:	14/32
R4-Length-F:	5,000
R4-Length-M:	1,524
R4-Surface:	Asphalt
R5-Number:	15L/33R
R5-Length-F:	2,557
R5-Length-M:	779
R5-Surface:	Asphalt
R6-Number:	15R/33L
R6-Length-F:	10,083
R6-Length-M:	3,073
R6-Surface:	Asphalt
Stat1-Header:	Aircraft operations
Stat1-Data:	395,146^[1]
Stat2-Header:	Passengers
Stat2-Data:	40,833,978
Stat3-Header:	Total cargo (lbs.)
Stat3-Data:	565,119,946
Stat-Year:	2023
Footnotes:	Source: Federal Aviation Administration,^[2] Massport^[3]

General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport^[4], also known as Boston Logan International Airport,^{[5] [6]} is an international airport that is located mostly in East Boston and partially in Winthrop, Massachusetts. It covers, has six runways and four passenger terminals, and employs an estimated 16,000 people. The airport is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems in which it is categorized as a large hub primary commercial service facility.^[7] Opened in 1923 and named after General Edward Lawrence Logan, a 20th-century soldier and politician native to Boston, it is the largest airport in both Massachusetts and the New England region in terms of passenger volume and cargo handling as well as the busiest airport in the Northeastern United States outside the New York metropolitan area. The airport saw 42 million passengers in 2019, the most in its history.

Logan has non-stop service to destinations throughout the United States and the world. BOS is the northeastern hub for Cape Air and is the secondary transatlantic hub for Delta Air Lines, serving several destinations in Europe. It is also an operating base for JetBlue.^{[8] [9]} American Airlines and United Airlines also carry out significant operations from the airport, including daily transcontinental flights. All of the major U.S. air carriers offer flights from Boston to all or the majority of their primary and secondary hubs.

History

Origins

Logan Airport opened on September 8, 1923, and at that time it was mainly used by the Massachusetts Air National Guard and the United States Army Air Corps. At the time, it was referred to as "Boston Air Port" at Jeffries Point.^[10] The first scheduled commercial passenger flights to start at the new airfield were on Colonial Air Transport between Boston and New York City, starting in 1927.^[11] On January 1, 1936, the airport's weather station became the official point for Boston's weather observations and records by the National Weather Service.^[12]

Early postwar development

During the 1940s and 1950s, due to the rise in demand for air travel, the airport added 1800acres of landfill in Boston Harbor, taken from the former Governors, Noddle's and Apple Islands. During this time, the airport expanded the terminals, adding terminals B and C in 1949, which are still in use today. In 1943, the state of Massachusetts renamed the airport after Maj. Gen. Edward Lawrence Logan, a Spanish–American War officer from South Boston, a statue of whom by sculptor Joseph Coletti was unveiled and dedicated on May 20, 1956.^{[13] [14]} In 1952, Logan Airport became the first in the United States with an indirect rapid transit connection, with the opening of the Airport station on the Blue Line.^[15]

Boston became a transatlantic gateway after World War II. In the late 1940s, American Overseas Airlines began operating a weekly Boston-Shannon-London service,^[16] shortly after, Pan Am began operating nonstop service to Shannon Airport in Ireland and Santa Maria Airport in the Azores, continuing to London and Lisbon, respectively.^[17] By the early 1950s, BOAC had started nonstop Stratocruiser service to Glasgow and Prestwick in Scotland,^[18] and Air France began operating a multi-stop Constellation service linking Boston to Orly Airport in Paris.^[19] BOAC thereafter began service on the new De Havilland Comet, the first commercial jetliner in the world, on direct flights to Boston from London Heathrow. In April 1957, the Official Airline Guide showed 49 weekday departures with the list as follows: American, 31 Eastern, 25 Northeast Airlines, 8 United Airlines, 7 TWA domestic, 6 National Airlines, 6 Mohawk Airlines, 2 Trans-Canada Air Lines and one Provincetown-Boston Airlines. In addition TWA had nine departures a week to or from the Atlantic, Pan Am had 18, Air France 8, BOAC 4 and Alitalia 4. Aer Lingus launched nonstop Constellation service to Shannon in 1958.^[20]

The airport was renamed General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport by an act of the state legislature on April 29, 1954, reflecting the growing international market.^[21]

Introduction of the jumbo jet and early international expansion

The jumbo jet era began at Logan in the summer of 1970, when Pan Am started daily Boeing 747 service to London Heathrow. Until 2020, the Boeing 747-400 was scheduled on flights to Boston by British Airways.^[22] Lufthansa operated Boeing 747s, including the latest-model Boeing 747-8, on its daily nonstop flights to Frankfurt.^[23]

Terminal E was the second-largest international arrivals facility in the United States when it opened in 1974.^[24] Between 1974 and 2015, the number of international travelers at Logan tripled.^[25] International long-haul travel has been one of the fastest growing market sectors at the airport. Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport) undertook the "Logan Modernization Project" from 1994 to 2006: a new parking garage, a new hotel, moving walkways, terminal expansions and improvements, and two-tiered roadways to separate arrival and departure traffic.

Massport's relationship with nearby communities has been strained since the mid-1960s,^[26] when the agency took control of a parcel of residential land and popular fishing area near the northwest side of the airfield. This land included Frederick Law Olmsted's 46acres Wood Island Park, a valued recreational area for a neighborhood with "fewer park and recreation facilities than other neighborhood in the city."^[27] After decades of litigation, the forfeiture was undertaken to extend Runway 15R/33L, which later became Logan's longest runway via artificial land.^[28] Outside of the park on Neptune Road, residents of the neighborhood, formerly, with its convenient park access, the "most prestigious street in East Boston," were bought out of their homes and forced to relocate. Public opposition came to a head when residents laid down in the streets to block bulldozers and supply trucks from reaching the construction zone.^[29]

International growth and runway additions

Surrounding the year 2000 the Board of Massport placed an emphasis on Logan modernization under the conceptual term "Logan 2000".^[30] A plan was devised including an idea for a Monorail or people mover to connect all terminals (post-security) as a means of cutting down on all the buses which needed to visit each terminal to make pick-ups or drop-offs. The plan was abandoned at the time due to cost of the system. However it has been raised again.^[31]

Runway 14/32, Logan's first major runway addition in more than forty years, opened on November 23, 2006. It was proposed in 1973, but was delayed in the courts.^[32] According to Massport records, the first aircraft to use the new airstrip was a Continental Express ERJ-145 regional jet landing on Runway 32, on the morning of December 2, 2006.

In April 2007, the FAA approved construction of a center field taxiway long-sought by Massport. The 9300-1NaN-1 taxiway is between, and parallel to, Runways 4R/22L and 4L/22R. News of the project angered neighboring residents.^[33] In 2009 the taxiway opened ahead of schedule and under budget.^[34] To ensure the taxiway is not mistaken for a runway, "TAXI" is written in large yellow letters at each end.

A scene from the 2006 film The Departed was filmed at Logan, inside the connector bridge between Terminal E and the Central Parking Garage. Terminal C and several United Airlines and Northwest Airlines aircraft can be seen in the background. Parts of the Delta Air Lines 2007 "Anthem" commercial were filmed in Terminal A as well as the connector bridge between Terminal A and Central Parking.

In October 2009 US Airways announced it would close its Boston crew base in May 2010. The airline cited an "operations realignment" as the reason.^[35] Over 400 employees were transferred or terminated.^[36]

After starting service to Logan in 2004, JetBlue was a major operator at Logan Airport by 2008 and its largest carrier by 2011, with flights to cities throughout North America and the Caribbean.^[37] The airline grew to operate almost every gate in Terminal C and remains Logan's largest carrier as of 2023.

The Airbus A380 first landed at Logan International Airport for compatibility checks on February 8, 2010. On March 26, 2017, British Airways began flying the A380 to Logan, operating the aircraft three times per week.^[38] British Airways announced in October 2018, that A380 service to Boston would expand to daily frequency during the summer 2019 season, beginning on March 31, 2019.^[39] Likewise, in January 2019, Emirates announced that it would be deploying the A380 on its daily flight between Logan and Dubai during the June–September 2019 summer season, as high peak seasonal services replacing the B777-300ER on that route.^[40] Lufthansa deployed the A380 to Boston in 2023, on its route to Munich.^[41]

By 2023, Logan airport had grown to serve over 8 million international passengers.^[3]

Facilities

Logan International Airport has four lettered passenger terminals, A, B, C, and E, and 106 gate positions in total.^[42] With the exception of flights from destinations with U.S. Customs and Border Protection preclearance, inbound international flights arrive at Terminal E for customs screening since the other terminals do not have customs screening facilities. All terminals are connected by pre-security shuttle buses and by the SL1 branch of the MBTA Silver Line BRT, and Terminals A, B, and E via pre-security moving walkways.^[43] Moving walkways also connect the terminals to a central parking garage designed for consolidated service between all four terminals and the garage itself.^[44] Post-security connection between Terminals B, C and E is available.

Terminal A

Terminal A, which replaced a 1970s-era building once occupied by the now-defunct Eastern Air Lines (and later by its successor Continental Airlines until closed for demolition in 2002), opened to passengers on March 16, 2005. It was designed by Hellmuth, Obata + Kassabaum.^{[45] [46]} The terminal is primarily used by Delta Air Lines and is divided into a 11-gate main terminal and a 10-gate satellite terminal, which are connected via an underground pedestrian tunnel under the ramp. Terminal A features a Delta Sky Club on the third floor of the satellite building, and a second Sky Club at the site of the former Continental Airlines Presidents Club in the main terminal building.^[47]

The building is the first airport terminal in the United States to be LEED certified for environmentally friendly design by the U.S. Green Building Council. Among the building's features are heat-reflecting roof and windows, low-flow faucets and waterless urinals, self-dimming lights and stormwater filtration.^[48]

The current Terminal A was developed under a special facility lease between the Massachusetts Port Authority and Delta. On September 14, 2005, Delta filed for bankruptcy and consequently had to reduce the number of gates it leased.^[49] In December 2018, Delta announced an expansion of routes to take effect in 2019, which resulted in the airline regaining all of Terminal A (other than one gate subleased to WestJet, itself a codeshare airline with Delta).^[50] As a result, Delta has declared Logan to be one of their hubs.^[51]

Terminal B

Terminal B, designed by John Carl Warnecke & Associates and Desmond & Lord, Inc., first opened in 1974. Air Canada, Alaska Airlines, American, Boutique Air, Southwest, Spirit, and United currently operate out of the terminal which has 41 gates. American and United both operate lounges in the terminal (those being the Admirals Club and United Club, respectively) for their customers.^{[52] [53]}

Pier B was completed for US Airways in 1974 and Pier A for American in 1975. The terminal remained largely unchanged until US Airways expanded its operations at Logan in 1979, and improvements designed by HNTB were constructed in 1980. From 1980 until 2000, numerous small projects including passenger seating area improvements, concessions expansions and passenger lounges were completed at both piers.^{[54] [55]} American's facilities were renovated in 1995 and redesigned by Gresham, Smith & Partners,^{[55] [56]} and US Airways' facilities were renovated in 1998 and 2000, and redesigned by URS Corporation with Turner Construction serving as the construction manager.^{[55] [57]}

Until 2014, Terminal B was split into north and south buildings, with a parking garage between the two buildings. Between 2012 and April 2014, Terminal B underwent a $160 million renovation. It created a post-security connection between Terminal B North and Terminal B South. The renovation also included 24 new ticket counter spots, eight new departure lounges, new concession space, and a new baggage carousel.^[58]

Terminal C

Terminal C opened in 1967 and was designed by Perry, Shaw, Hepburn and Dean.^[59] It underwent renovations in 1987, 2002, and 2005.^[55] The terminal, which has 27 gates, serves Aer Lingus, Cape Air, JetBlue as their operating base, with TAP Air Portugal only having departures take place out of the terminal. The airport's USO Lounge is located in the baggage claim area of Terminal C on the lower level. It offers most typical amenities as other markets as major as Greater Boston. Military ID is required for entry.

The former Terminal D gates (the three gates at the north end of Terminal C) were renumbered and labeled as part of Terminal C in February 2006.^[60] In the summer of 2016, following construction of a post-security connection between Terminals C and E, these three gates were renumbered again.

Construction on the Terminal B to C Connector was started in 2021, with the Connector opening in 2023, creating a continuous indoor post-security connection between Terminals B, C, and E. Once the Connector was completed, the former gates C40-42 were renamed B40, C23, and C24. A new gate, B39, was also created from the added space in connecting Terminals B and C.^[61]

Terminal E

Terminal E, also known as the John A. Volpe International Terminal named after the former Governor of Massachusetts and U.S. Secretary of Transportation, serves as the international terminal for Logan and therefore houses the majority of its international arrivals (excluding flights from an origin that has U.S. border preclearance). Also, most non-U.S. carriers excluding Aer Lingus, Air Canada, TAP Air Portugal, and WestJet depart from Terminal E. The terminal has a total of 17 gates; all gates within the terminal are designated as common-use, meaning gates are assigned mostly based on an operational need, and no specific airline claims ownership of any of those gates.^[62] All ticket counters and gates in Terminal E are shared among the international carriers. Terminal E has several airline lounges including: Air France Lounge,^[63] British Airways Lounge,^[64] Delta's Sky Club,^[65] Lufthansa's First Lounge and Business Lounges,^[66] and Emirates' Emirates Lounge.^[67] The third level of Terminal E is used for departures, the second for passport control via U.S. Customs and Border Protection, and the ground level for arrivals and customs, also via U.S. Customs and Border Protection. The Federal Inspection Station located in Terminal E is capable of processing over 2,000 passengers per hour.

The terminal was completed in 1974, and designed by Kubitz & Papi, Inc. and Desmond & Lord, Inc.^[68] Massport completed the "Terminal E Modernization" project in August 1997 which improved the passenger facilities. The International Gateway Project, designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and DMJM Aviation, added to the terminal in 2003, and the entire project was completed in 2008. Started in 2014 and completed in late January 2017,^[69] Terminal E underwent a $100 million renovation which included a post-security connector between Terminals E and C (opened summer 2016), improved immigration and passport control kiosks, and gates capable of serving the Airbus A380.^[70]

In summer 2019, Massport began another expansion project on Terminal E, due to continued growth at the airport. The project, which was completed in August 2023 and opened in October 2023,^[71] included the addition of 4 new international gates (E13-E16) with all-new shops, restaurants and other passenger services which stretch into the North Cargo area. Additionally, a new TSA checkpoint was built and the ticketing, customs, and baggage claim areas were expanded. In total, the project cost $680 million and incorporated roughly of new space.^{[72] [73]} The project, inclusive of a prismatic painted roof, was designed by AECOM and luis vidal + architects, with Boston-based Suffolk Construction Company serving as construction manager.^[74]

Runways

Located partly in East Boston and partly in the Town of Winthrop, on Boston Harbor,^[75] Logan International Airport covers an area of 2384acres which contains six runways:^[76]

• Runway 4L/22R: 7864×
• Runway 4R/22L: 10006×
• Runway 9/27: 7001×
• Runway 14/32: 5000×
• Runway 15L/33R: 2557×
• Runway 15R/33L: 10083×

The runways are operated in four patterns depending on the wind direction:^[77]

• Northeast winds: Arrivals on 4L and 4R; departures from 9, 4L, and 4R
• Northwest winds: Arrivals on 33L, 32, and 27; departures from 33L and 27
• Southeast winds: Arrivals on 15L and 15R; departures from 15R, 14, and 9
• Southwest winds: Arrivals on 22L, 22R, and 27; departures from 22L and 22R

Additionally, the harbor to the south of the airport contains water Runway 14W/32W (3000×); this runway, however, is not operated by Logan International Airport but is instead co-operated by two private seaplane bases (SPBs), Tailwind Boston SPB ^[78] and Cape Air Boston Harbor SPB .^[79] Between 1968 and 1971, Taxiway Sierra was converted into STOL runway 18/36, which was 1800feet for use by Eastern Air Lines's STOL capable Breguet 941 turboprop shuttle.^{[80] [81] [82]}

Instrument landing system approaches are available for runways 4R, 15R, 22L, 27, and 33L, with runways 4R and 33L certified for CAT III operations. The other runways with ILS are certified for CAT I Instrument Landing operations.^[83] EMAS pads are located at the starting thresholds of runways 22R and 33L.^[84]

Runway 14/32

Runway 14/32, which opened to air traffic on November 23, 2006, is unidirectional. Runway 32 is used for landings and 14 is used for takeoffs. Massport is barred by a court order from using the runway for overland landings or takeoffs, except in emergencies.^[85]

There was fierce opposition towards the construction of 14/32 among communities adjacent to the northwest side of the airport, such as Chelsea and East Boston, as authorities acknowledged these areas would likely see increased noise levels. Many Residents of Winthrop and Revere also joined in opposition,^[86] even though Massport had predicted the new traffic patterns allowed by 14/32 would actually reduce overflights and noise in those areas.

Since the opening of the new runway, there has been disagreement about when and how often it should operate. Residents have demanded a minimum of 11.5kn northwest winds, slightly higher than the 10kn threshold favored by Massport.

The rationale behind constructing the new runway 14/32 was that it reduces the need for improving existing Runway 15L/33R, which, at only 2557feet is perhaps the shortest hard-surface runways at major airports in the United States.^[87] In 1988, Massport had proposed an 800-1NaN-1 extension to 15L/33R (a project which would have required additional filling-in some land along a "clam bed"), but was thwarted by a court injunction.^[88]

Boston's Hyatt Harborside Hotel, which sits only a few hundred yards from the runway threshold, was built primarily to prevent Massport from ever extending the length of 14/32 or using it for takeoffs or landings over the city. Massachusetts state legislators carefully chose the location of the hotel—directly in the runway centerline—prior to its construction in 1992.^[89]

Ground transportation

Logan Airport was called the "Easiest Airport to Get To" in a 2007 article on aviation.com because of the variety of options to and from the airport.^[90] These options include cars, taxis, the MBTA Blue and Silver lines, regional bus services, shared ride vans, ferries, limousines and an in-house airport operator (Massport) intercity bus common carrier, a service offered by few U.S. airports. The service, Logan Express, provides shuttle service to remote park and rides located at Back Bay, Braintree, Framingham, Peabody, and Woburn. Geographically, Logan is located 2.5miles northeast of Back Bay, a short distance with respect to other airports similarly sized and metropolitan areas served.^[91]

Massport's Airport Shuttle provides free service between all terminals, the Airport station on the Blue Line and the Rental Car Center, as well as additional service to the water transportation dock located on Harborside Drive.^[92]

Ride Shares serve the airport via the central parking garage.^[93] Due to sheer volume of users who use the providers, both have been known to use mass-messaging of their customer base to galvanize political pressure and act on a pressure group towards Logan management at MassPort concerning various policies that can impact those providers.^{[94] [95]}

The SL1 branch of the MBTA's Silver Line bus rapid transit service connects all Logan terminals with South Station, a major transportation hub in the downtown Boston financial district that serves MBTA Commuter Rail, Amtrak, Red Line subway and intercity bus.^[96] Airport station on the MBTA's Blue Line subway, despite its name, is not in the airport terminal itself; free shuttle buses carry passengers between the Airport station and the terminal buildings. The Blue Line connects with the Orange Line at State, which provides service to both North Station and Back Bay, the two other major rail transportation hubs for Boston. A transfer to the Green Line, which also runs to North Station, is available at Government Center station. The SL3 branch of the Silver Line connects Chelsea with the Airport Station. As of 2019, Massport is considering the construction of either an automated people-mover or rapid transit line to replace the airport shuttle.^[97]

A 120000square feet $310 million rental car center opened on September 24, 2013, consolidating all rental car companies into one shared building. Alamo, Avis, Budget, Dollar, Enterprise, Hertz, National, Payless, Sixt, Thrifty, and Zipcar rental car companies currently operate out of facility, which has 3,200 parking spaces across four levels. Access to the new facility is done through a unified bus system consisting of 28 fuel-efficient clean hybrid buses operated by Massport which provides service between all the terminals and the rental car center.^[98] A handful of livery-plate operators also service the airport offering various chauffeured car, van, or limousine for-hire offerings.

Public safety

Police services are provided by the Massachusetts State Police Troop F. Fire protection is the responsibility of the Massport Fire Rescue.^[99] Even though the airport is technically within city limits, under Massachusetts state law municipal police such as the Boston Police Department do not have jurisdiction on Massport property.^[100]

A 250-foot security zone, established in 2002, surrounds the waters around the airport which are marked by 29 buoys indicating the restricted area. The area is patrolled by the Massachusetts State Police, the Boston Police Department, the Massachusetts Environmental Police, the United States Coast Guard and the Boston and Winthrop Harbormasters. Anyone who enters the zone for non-emergency purposes is subject to prosecution and is entered into a State Police database that tracks offenders.^{[101] [102]}

Other facilities

The distinctive central control tower, nearly a dozen stories high, is a local landmark with its pair of segmented elliptical pylons and a six-story platform trussed between them.

Logan Airport has two cargo facilities: North Cargo is adjacent to Terminal E and South Cargo adjacent to Terminals A and B. North Cargo is also the location of several maintenance hangars, including those operated by American Airlines, Delta through Delta TechOps, and JetBlue.^[103]

Signature Aviation operates a FBO in the North Cargo area near runway 15R/33L.^[104] Also located on airport property is the Amelia Earhart General Aviation Terminal, which is located near runway 14/32 and next to the Massport Fire Rescue headquarters. The terminal was built in 1980, and dedicated to former Boston resident Earhart in 1984.^[105] Until 2006, American Eagle flights flew out of the terminal when all flights were consolidated in the former B22-29 gates in Pier A, the north building of Terminal B. Passengers had to take a shuttle bus from Terminal B to the Earhart Terminal.^{[106] [107]} The terminal currently sits mostly unused.

Terminal C is home to the airport's chapel, Our Lady of the Airways. Opened in 1951, it is considered the first airport chapel in the United States.^{[108] [109] [110]} The chapel was originally Catholic, but is now non-denominational.^{[111] [112]}

Airlines and destinations

Seaplane

Tailwind Air began operating seasonal seaplane service from Boston Harbor's Fan Pier Marina to Manhattan on August 3, 2021,^[113] Plymouth in 2022,^[114] Provincetown on May 25, 2022,^[115] and Nantucket on May 17, 2023.^[116] Cape Air is approved but has not yet begun scheduled service.^[117]

Cargo

Logan Airport is a medium-sized airport in terms of cargo, handling 684,875 tons of freight in 2012, making it the 10th busiest airport in the U.S. in terms of cargo. It handles many U.S.-based cargo airlines, including DHL Aviation, FedEx Express and UPS Airlines. It also has cargo offices for many international cargo carriers, including British Airways World Cargo, Cathay Pacific Cargo, China Airlines Cargo, EVA Air Cargo, LATAM Cargo Chile, Lufthansa Cargo, Martinair Cargo, and Saudia Cargo.^{[118] [119]} It has two cargo complexes: the North Cargo Terminal, located near Terminal E, and South Cargo, located near Terminal A.^[84] Given that the airport is the 10th busiest cargo facility in the country, with many companies operating at the airport, it has been recognized that future expansion of cargo from Logan is limited due to constrained physical space for expansion.^[120]

Airlines	Destinations
Atlas Air	Cincinnati
Ameriflight	Newark
FedEx Express	Greensboro, Indianapolis, Memphis, Newark
UPS Airlines	Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas/Ft. Worth, Louisville, Philadelphia

Statistics

Top destinations

Busiest domestic routes from BOS (January 2023 – December 2023)^[121]

Rank	Airport	Passengers	Airlines served
1	Atlanta, Georgia	771,000	Delta, JetBlue, Spirit
2	Orlando, Florida	763,000	Delta, Frontier, JetBlue, Southwest, Spirit
3	Washington–National, D.C.	761,000	American, Delta, JetBlue
4	Chicago–O'Hare, Illinois	727,000	American, Delta, JetBlue, Spirit, United
5	San Francisco, California	660,000	Alaska, Delta, JetBlue, United
6	Los Angeles, California	612,000	American, Delta, JetBlue, United
7	Charlotte, North Carolina	569,000	American, Delta, JetBlue
8	Miami, Florida	561,000	American, Delta, Frontier, JetBlue
9	Denver, Colorado	527,000	Delta, JetBlue, Southwest, United
10	New York-LGA, New York	521,000	American, Delta, JetBlue

Busiest international routes from BOS (October 2022 – September 2023)^[122]

Rank	City	Passengers	Carriers
1	London–Heathrow, United Kingdom	865,698	American, British Airways, Delta, JetBlue, Virgin Atlantic
2	Paris–Charles de Gaulle, France	425,687	Air France, Delta
3	Dublin, Ireland	390,163	Aer Lingus, Delta
4	Amsterdam, Netherlands	387,709	Delta, JetBlue, KLM
5	Reykjavík–Keflavík, Iceland	295,814	Icelandair, PLAY
6	Lisbon, Portugal	251,946	Delta, TAP Air Portugal
7	Oranjestad, Aruba	247,091	Delta, JetBlue
8	Zürich, Switzerland	244,714	Swiss
9	Toronto–Pearson, Canada	243,376	Air Canada, American, WestJet
10	Frankfurt, Germany	228,762	Condor, Lufthansa
11	Rome—Fiumicino, Italy	227,085	ITA Airways, Delta
12		215,120	Emirates
13	Cancún, Mexico	199,734	American, Delta, JetBlue
14	Munich, Germany	197,587	Lufthansa
15	Doha, Qatar	172,434	Qatar Airways
16	Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic	163,373	JetBlue
17	Istanbul, Turkey	161,337	Turkish Airlines
18	Madrid–Barajas, Spain	159,781	Iberia
19	Toronto—Bishop, Canada	141,051	Porter
20	Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic	132,381	JetBlue

Airline market share

Busiest airlines serving BOS
(October 2022 – September 2023)^[123]

Rank	Carrier	Passengers	Share
1	JetBlue	9,581,000	30.17%
2	Delta Air Lines	6,764,000	21.30%
3	American Airlines	4,635,000	14.59%
4	United Airlines	3,411,000	10.74%
5	Southwest Airlines	1,585,000	4.99%
-	Other*	5,785,000	18.21%

• - Includes flights operated by American Eagle, Delta Connection, and United Express partner airlines. The specific airline total passenger numbers only include mainline operations.

Annual traffic

Annual traffic^[124]

	Passengers	Change from previous year	Aircraft operations	Total cargo (freight, express, & mail) (lbs.)
1998	26,526,708	N/A	507,449	803,841,263
1999	27,052,078	2.0%	494,816	824,167,499
2000	27,726,833	2.5%	487,996	852,347,154
2001	24,474,930	11.7%	463,125	744,797,296
2002	22,696,141	7.3%	392,079	789,610,008
2003	22,791,169	0.4%	373,304	744,838,287
2004	26,142,516	14.7%	405,258	759,274,990
2005	27,087,905	3.6%	409,066	741,517,308
2006	27,725,443	2.4%	406,119	679,068,089
2007	28,102,455	1.4%	399,537	632,449,775
2008	26,102,651	7.1%	371,604	587,772,302
2009	25,512,086	2.3%	345,306	517,557,182
2010	27,428,962	7.5%	352,643	546,379,403
2011	28,907,938	5.4%	368,987	529,212,783
2012	29,325,617	1.4%	354,869	525,392,642
2013	30,318,631	3.4%	361,339	538,192,790
2014	31,634,445	4.7%	363,797	585,459,955
2015	33,449,580	5.7%	372,930	575,781,601
2016	36,288,042	8.5%	391,222	616,933,699
2017	38,412,419	5.9%	401,371	679,407,977
2018	40,941,925	6.6%	424,024	704,200,557
2019	42,522,411	3.9%	427,176	688,939,147
2020	12,618,128	70.3%	206,702	575,471,964
2021	22,678,499	79.7%	266,034	617,962,396
2022	36,090,716	59.1%	378,613	645,688,980
2023	40,833,978	13.1%	395,146	565,119,946

Accidents and incidents

Accidents

• On June 5, 1930, A Colonial Air Transport Ford Trimotor bound for New York went nose down after takeoff and crashed into the sea. The aircraft came to rest in 7feet of water. One passenger died out of the 13 passengers and two crew.
• On October 4, 1960, Eastern Air Lines Flight 375, a Lockheed L-188 Electra crashed into the sea while attempting to take off from Logan Airport. Sixty-two people died and ten people survived, incurring serious injuries.^[125]
• On November 15, 1961, A Vickers Viscount N6592C of Northeast Airlines collided with a Douglas DC-6 N8228H of National Airlines after landing at Logan International Airport. The DC-6 had started to take off without receiving clearance to do so.^{[126] [127]}
• On March 10, 1964, a Slick Airways DC-4 crashed 2.1abbr=onNaNabbr=on southwest of Logan while on final approach. All three occupants were killed. Loss of control due to accumulation of ice on the horizontal stabilizer, causing the aircraft to pitch down, was the probable cause.
• On July 31, 1973, Delta Air Lines Flight 723 crashed while on an ILS instrument approach in heavy fog. The DC-9 struck a seawall, killing all 89 occupants. Two people initially survived, but later succumbed to their injuries.^[128] It is considered the deadliest crash to occur at Logan Airport.^[129]
• On November 3, 1973, Pan Am Flight 160, a Boeing 707-321C cargo aircraft, crashed on approach to Boston-Logan. Smoke in the cockpit caused the pilots to lose control. All three crewmembers died in the accident.^[130]
• On December 17, 1973, Iberia Airlines Flight 933 from Madrid Barajas International Airport collided with the ALS system 500feet short of the runway threshold, critically damaging the front landing gear and causing it to collapse. The aircraft came to a rest short of the runway. All 168 onboard survived; however, the aircraft was written off and was the first hull loss of a DC-10.
• On January 23, 1982, World Airways Flight 30 from Newark to Boston made a non-precision instrument approach to runway 15R and touched down 2800feet past the displaced threshold on an icy runway. When the crew sensed that the DC-10-30-CF could not be stopped on the remaining runway, they steered the DC-10 off the side of the runway to avoid the approach light pier, and slid into the shallow water of Boston Harbor. The nose section separated as the DC-10 came to rest 250feet past the runway end, 110feet left of the extended centerline. Two passengers were never found and are presumed to have been swept out to sea.^[131]

Incidents

• On October 2, 1954, a Massachusetts Air National Guard F94 Starfire experienced engine failure and crashed near Logan Airport. Its pilot, First Lieutenant James O. Conway, sacrificed his life by veering the plane into an embankment on Bayswater Street in East Boston. A memorial was placed nearby.^[132]
• On March 17, 1970, Eastern Air Lines Shuttle Flight 1320 was en route to Boston Airport when a suicidal man armed with a revolver stormed the cockpit and shot both pilots. The co-pilot managed to wrestle the gun from the hijacker and shoot him before he died. The wounded pilot managed to land the plane and the hijacker was arrested.
• On July 2, 1976, an unoccupied Eastern Airlines L-188 Electra parked at Boston Logan Airport was destroyed by a bomb planted in the landing gear compartment. No one was injured.^[133]
• On September 17, 1979, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 with the registration C-FTLU operating as Air Canada Flight 680 left Boston for Yarmouth, NS. 14 minutes after taking off from Logan, the entire tailcone section of the aircraft separated resulting in rapid decompression at an altitude of 25,000 feet (7,600 m) and leaving a large hole in the rear fuselage. A beverage cart and other items in the cabin were sucked out of the aircraft over the Atlantic Ocean, but there were no fatalities or significant injuries. The aircraft safely returned to Boston without further incident. Fatigue cracks were determined to be the cause. Four years later, this same aircraft would be destroyed by a fire on June 2, 1983, as Air Canada Flight 797.
• In the September 11 attacks, two Los Angeles-bound flights, American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175, originated and departed from Logan Airport. Both flights were hijacked by al-Qaeda terrorists and flown into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, ultimately leading to their destruction. American flags now fly over gates B32 and C19, the respective gates that the two planes pushed back from on this day. Under political pressure, acting Governor Jane Swift forced the CEO of Massport to resign, but it was later determined that the failure had been with the airline security checkpoint policy of allowing small knives, and not anything to do with Logan management.^[134]
• On June 9, 2005, US Airways Flight 1170 and Aer Lingus Flight 132 narrowly avoided colliding after they were cleared for takeoff nearly simultaneously on intersecting runways by two different air traffic controllers. The crew of the US Airways flight spotted the oncoming Aer Lingus jet and avoided a collision by keeping their own aircraft on the runway past their normal rotation point, allowing the Aer Lingus flight to pass over them. Both flights lifted off safely and continued to their destinations without further incident.
• On January 7, 2013, ground crew workers noticed smoke coming out from the battery compartment in a parked Japan Airlines Boeing 787 Dreamliner at the gate.^[135] This fire was caused by overcharged lithium-ion batteries, eventually leading to the grounding of the worldwide Boeing 787 fleet^[136] and subsequent redesign of the battery systems.^[137]
• In March 2023, on a United Airlines flight from Los Angeles to Boston, a passenger attempted to open the emergency doors in flight and stabbed a flight attendant who tried to stop him. Upon the flight's landing, the passenger was charged with interference with flight crew members and using a dangerous weapon.^[138]

Alternative airports

The two historically known alternative airports to Logan are both located outside the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Manchester–Boston Regional Airport in Manchester, New Hampshire, is located approximately 56smi north-northwest of Logan, an average drive time of 62 minutes via I-90 and I-93. T. F. Green Airport in Warwick, Rhode Island, is located 60smi south-southwest of Logan, averaging 76 minutes from Logan via I-90, I-93, and I-95, or a 100-minute ride via the Silver Line SL1 bus to South Station and then the Providence/Stoughton Line commuter rail to T. F. Green Airport station.^[139] Massport does not operate these facilities.

Massport does operate Worcester Regional Airport in Worcester, Massachusetts, which also serves as an alternative to Logan, although not widely known as such. In late 2017, the airport finished construction on a Category IIIb Landing System that would allow for arrivals and departures in virtually all weather conditions.^[140] The increased reliability, which has been the main concern for airlines operating at the notoriously foggy airport over the years, was expected to draw additional service. The airport is located 47smi due west of Logan, primarily accessed via Interstates I-90 and I-290.

See also

• Airports in Massachusetts
• Airports in the Boston area
• Busiest airports in the United States by both domestic and international passengers
• Busiest airports in the United States by total passenger boardings
• Class B airports in the United States
• List of international airports by country
• List of cities with more than one commercial airport
• September 11 attacks
• US busiest airports by international passenger traffic
• World War II Army Airfields in Massachusetts
• World's busiest airports by cargo traffic
• World's busiest airports by international passenger traffic
• World's busiest airports by passenger traffic
• World's busiest airports by traffic movements

External links

• • • Terminal Map of Logan International Airport
• Web site: Airport Wayfinder: Boston Logan . . airportwayfinder.com . August 29, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160829182455/http://massport.airportwayfinder.com/index.php . August 29, 2016 . dead .
• Noise Complaints

Notes and References

1. Web site: Boston Logan International Airport Statistics .
2. . Effective July 11, 2024.
3. Web site: Airport Statistics. Massport . 2023. January 27, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240123143838/https://www.massport.com/sites/default/files/2024-01/avstats-airport-traffic-summary-dec23.pdf. January 23, 2024 . live .
4. https://www.massport.com/logan-airport/about-logan/ About Logan International Airport (BOS)
5. Web site: An Act Providing for the Development, Enlargement, Extension, Development, Construction, Alteration and Operation of the Commonwealth Airport  - Boston, So Called, and Providing Further For Ease-ments, Roads, highways, Approaches, and Means of Access By Railroad or Otherwise in Connection Therewith, Acts (1943) Chapter 528, (Section 8) . . June 12, 1943 . September 14, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141225030911/http://archives.lib.state.ma.us/actsResolves/1943/1943acts0528.pdf . December 25, 2014 . live .
6. Web site: An Act Changing The Name of the General Edward Lawrence Logan Airport, Acts (1954) Chapter 361 . . April 29, 1954 . September 14, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160305080900/http://archives.lib.state.ma.us/actsResolves/1954/1954acts0361.pdf . March 5, 2016 . live .
7. Web site: 2019 . Federal Aviation Administration Airport Capacity Profiles . Federal Aviation Administration Airport Capacity Profiles.
8. Web site: Investor Brouchure. 2017. s1.q4cdn.com. January 4, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20171226182116/http://s1.q4cdn.com/231238688/files/doc_presentations/2017/Delta-Air-Lines-Investor-Day_2017.pdf. December 26, 2017. live.
9. JetBlue Airways – Press Releases . https://archive.today/20120711023342/http://investor.jetblue.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=131045&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1595211&highlight= . dead . July 11, 2012 . JetBlue . August 10, 2011 . November 25, 2011.
10. News: Philpott . A. J. . September 9, 1923 . Great Races Mark Airport's Opening . 1, 10 . The Boston Globe .
11. Web site: History. Massport. 2010. October 12, 2010. dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20101023120517/http://www.massport.com/logan-airport/about-logan/Pages/LoganHistory.aspx. October 23, 2010. mdy-all.
12. Web site: Threaded Extremes . Threaded Extremes . February 19, 2015 . March 7, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060519074347/http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/ . May 19, 2006 . live .
13. News: Maguire . Paul J. . September 24, 2014 . Logan Airport: The early years . Archives . Boston Globe . June 21, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170901153720/https://www.bostonglobe.com/specials/insiders/2014/09/24/bgcom-archives-logan/Q3p9nPoYBa8Vbqrne3VeJO/story.html . September 1, 2017 . live .
14. Book: Coletti, Joseph. The sculpture of Joseph Coletti. Macmillan. 1968. 165. Alan Priest.
15. Book: Cudahy, Brian J. . Change at Park Street Under; the story of Boston's subways . S. Greene Press . 1972 . 978-0-8289-0173-4 . Brattleboro, Vt. . 51 . registration.
16. Web site: AOA timetable, 1946. timetableimages.com. 2017-08-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20170821212526/http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/ao1/aa-ao46/aa4602-3.jpg. August 21, 2017. live.
17. Web site: Pan Am timetable, 1947. timetableimages.com. 2017-08-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115719/http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/pa/pa47/pa47-02.jpg. March 4, 2016. live.
18. Web site: BOAC timetable, 1953. timetableimages.com. 2017-08-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20170821214614/http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/ba2/ba53/ba53-05.jpg. August 21, 2017. live.
19. Web site: Air France timetable, 1954. timetableimages.com. 2017-08-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20170613183322/http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/af/af5403/af543-06.jpg. June 13, 2017. live.
20. News: Quinlin . Michael P. . 2003-10-20 . Aer Lingus makes the Boston-Irish connection . Boston Business Journal . 2023-02-05.
21. Book: https://archive.org/details/actsresolvespass1954mass/page/240/mode/2up . 240–241 . Chapter 361: An Act Changing the Name of the General Edward Lawrence Logan Airport . Acts and Resolves Passed by the General Court of Massachusetts in the Year 1954 . 1955 . Edward J. Cronin.
22. Web site: Boeing 747-400 - About BA - British Airways. Britishairways.com. August 12, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170813005638/https://www.britishairways.com/en-us/information/about-ba/fleet-facts/boeing747-400. August 13, 2017. live.
23. Web site: Lufthansa Delays A380 Seoul / Boeing 747-8I Boston Service Entry to mid-May 2015 . Airline Routes . February 5, 2015 . September 14, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150915011520/http://airlineroute.net/2015/02/05/lh-icnbos-may15update2/ . September 15, 2015 . live . In June of 2023, Lufthansa started daily flight to Munich on there a380-800. It would leave Munich around 5pm local time and land in Logan around 6pm.This way a seasonal route but is rumored to come back in summer of 2024
24. Logan 2000: A World Class Upgrade for the 21st Century. David. Brush. https://web.archive.org/web/20090606171750/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3734/is_199706/ai_n8764688/. dead. 2009-06-06. June 1997. ITE Journal. Institute of Transportation Engineers. November 10, 2010.
25. News: Steps to Cut Air Traffic At Logan Are Decreed. The New York Times. September 25, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190925201945/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/30/us/steps-to-cut-air-traffic-at-logan-are-decreed.html. September 25, 2019. live. August 30, 1987.
26. Book: Nelkin, Dorothy . 1974 . Jetport: The Boston Airport Controversy . Transaction Publishers . 0-87855-591-9 . 80.
27. Web site: Parks, Lost and Found—Land&People. The Trust for Public Land. en. 2020-04-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20180627005444/https://www.tpl.org/magazine/parks-lost-and-found%E2%80%94landpeople. June 27, 2018. live.
28. Nelkin, p. 80–82.
29. News: Their 2D Run at Runway . Christine . MacDonald . The Boston Globe . November 30, 2003 . November 10, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110609181737/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=BG&p_theme=bg&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0FF408367934CDD2&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM . June 9, 2011 . live .
30. News: Vaccaro . Adam . April 25, 2018 . Automatic for the people: Logan to study if a train (or monorail) should replace shuttles at the airport . The Boston Globe . May 1, 2024 .
31. News: Buell . Spencer . April 25, 2018 . A Monorail at Logan Airport? It's on the Table . Boston Magazine . April 25, 2018 . May 2, 2024 .
32. News: Judge Allows Long-Fought Runway at Logan. Michael S.. Rosenwald. Sean P.. Murphy. The Boston Globe. November 19, 2003. July 28, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20050907230807/http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2003/11/19/judge_allows_long_fought_runway_at_logan/. September 7, 2005. live.
33. News: Taxiway Plan Upsets Neighbors . Paysha . Stockton Rhone . The Boston Globe . August 13, 2006 . October 12, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120116003733/http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2006/08/13/taxiway_plan_upsets_neighbors/ . January 16, 2012 . live .
34. Web site: FAA: Environmental Impact Statement – Airside Improvements Planning Project – Centerfield Taxiway. Federal Aviation Administration. April 20, 2007. October 12, 2010. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110607012144/http://www.faa.gov/airports/environmental/records_decision/media/rod_boston_2007.pdf. June 7, 2011. mdy-all.
35. US Airways Announces Strategic Plan to Strengthen Core Network. https://archive.today/20120718154859/http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=196799&p=irol-newsArticle_print&ID=1347781&highlight=. dead. July 18, 2012. US Airways. October 28, 2009. March 5, 2010.
36. News: US Airways Plans to Close Its Boston Crew Base in May. Jon. Chesto. The Patriot Ledger. March 17, 2010. October 12, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100328140408/http://www.patriotledger.com/business/x1514354418/US-Airways-moves-plans-to-close-its-Boston-crew-base. March 28, 2010. live.
37. News: How JetBlue Cracked Boston. Susan. Carey. The Wall Street Journal. February 8, 2012. February 8, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20150708200536/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204662204577201441038200630. July 8, 2015. live.
38. Web site: Airbus 380-800 - About BA. British Airways. August 12, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170813005449/https://www.britishairways.com/en-us/information/about-ba/fleet-facts/airbus-380-800. August 13, 2017. live.
39. News: British Airways expands A380 Boston service in S19. October 11, 2018. March 29, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190329205623/https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/280952/british-airways-expands-a380-boston-service-in-s19/. March 29, 2019. live.
40. News: Emirates S19 service changes as of 12Jan19. January 12, 2019. March 29, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190330035751/https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/282416/emirates-s19-service-changes-as-of-12jan19/?highlight=emirates%20boston. March 30, 2019. live.
41. News: Then vs. Now: Boston's Logan Airport celebrates 100th anniversary. September 8, 2023. November 16, 2023.
42. Web site: Boston Logan Interactive Map. Massport. 2024. August 17, 2024.
43. Web site: Traveling Between Terminals. Massport. 2010. October 12, 2010. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20101002162316/http://www.massport.com/logan-airport/inside-airport/Pages/TravelingBetweenTerminals.aspx. October 2, 2010. mdy-all.
44. Web site: About Logan. Massport. 2010. October 12, 2010. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20101010155910/http://www.massport.com/logan-airport/about-logan/Pages/Default.aspx. October 10, 2010. mdy-all.
45. Web site: Boston Logan International Airport Terminal A .
46. News: Smooth Takeoff for Terminal A . Reed . Keith . The Boston Globe . March 17, 2005 . https://web.archive.org/web/20061008080426/http://www.atca.org/singlenews.asp?item_ID=2569&comm=0 . October 8, 2006.
47. Web site: Delta Sky Club Locations. Delta Air Lines. 2010. October 12, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101103102350/http://www.delta.com/traveling_checkin/airport_information/delta_sky_club/sky_club_locations/index.jsp. November 3, 2010. live.
48. Web site: Logan International Airport Expansion, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. airport-technology.com. 2010. October 12, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20110706041014/http://www.airport-technology.com/projects/boston-logan/. July 6, 2011. live.
49. Ernico. Sheri. Boudreau. Bruce. 2012. Considering and Evaluating Airport Privatization. Airport Cooperative Research Program. Report 66. 93–95. November 28, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161129022043/http://www.cafsti.org/wp-content/uploads/Airport-Cooperative-Research-Program.pdf. November 29, 2016. live.
50. News: Delta plans massive expansion at Logan, will reclaim most all of Terminal A and intends to increase to over 150-200 flights a day . Jon . Chesto . . December 11, 2018 . December 12, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181211070757/https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2018/12/10/delta-plans-massive-expansion-logan-will-reclaim-most-all-terminal/qF6vJ8feCEgUjEC56D8iRL/story.html . December 11, 2018 . live .
51. Web site: Delta upgrades Boston to hub status on strong growth. Edward. Russell. June 3, 2019. Flightglobal.com. October 21, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190807030740/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/delta-upgrades-boston-to-hub-status-on-strong-growth-458669/. August 7, 2019. live.
52. Web site: Admirals Club > Logan International Airport, Boston (BOS) . American Airlines . 2024 . August 16, 2024.
53. Web site: United Club and lounge locations . United Airlines . 2024 . August 16, 2024.
54. Environmental Assessment: Renovations and Improvements at Terminals B & C/E at Boston Logan International Airport . Massport . May 2012 . February 4, 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130328095129/http://www.massport.com/environment/environmental_reporting/Documents/Environmental%20Filings/2012_EA_Terminal_B_CE_Complete.pdf . March 28, 2013 .
55. Web site: Bonds, Series A and C Official Statement. 2008. Massport. February 4, 2013. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130327221118/http://www.massport.com/massport/Documents/Investor%20Relations%20Documents/Main%20Page/C_08_OS.pdf. March 27, 2013. mdy-all.
56. Web site: Logan International (BOS). Gresham, Smith & Partners. February 6, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20110823035158/http://gspnet.com/html.gsp?Project=81. August 23, 2011. dead.
57. Web site: US Airways Terminal B Consolidation. Turner Construction. February 6, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20141029233600/http://www.turnerconstruction.com/experience/project/16ED/us-airways-terminal-b-consolidation. October 29, 2014. live.
58. News: Massport provides $54 million in additional funds for Terminal B renovation . Katie . Johnston . March 21, 2013 . March 22, 2013 . The Boston Globe . https://web.archive.org/web/20130324012802/http://www.boston.com/businessupdates/2013/03/21/massport-approves-million-additional-funds-for-terminal-renovation/RhyHmumGsQnZyi0os8B55O/story.html . March 24, 2013 . live .
59. February 1965. North Terminal and Tower Restaurant Project. Engineering News-Record. 174. 2. 1. McGraw-Hill. February 6, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130528235412/http://books.google.com/books?id=X25IAQAAIAAJ&q=boston+logan+airport+north+terminal+perry&dq=boston+logan+airport+north+terminal+perry&hl=en&sa=X&ei=cZ4SUZHDIYfJyQG4-oHAAw&ved=0CEEQ6AEwAw. May 28, 2013. live.
60. News: Attention Logan Passengers: Starting Wed. No More Terminal D . Peter J. . Howe . The Boston Globe . February 28, 2006 . November 2, 2006 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20060301205713/http://www.boston.com/business/ticker/2006/02/attention_logan.html . March 1, 2006 .
61. Web site: Terminal B to C Connector at Boston Logan International Airport Massport . 2024-01-21 . www.massport.com . en.
62. Web site: Boston Logan. Airport Wayfinder. 2010. October 16, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101007093311/http://massport.airportwayfinder.com/. October 7, 2010. live.
63. Web site: Discover the comfort of our airport lounges. Air France. 2010. October 12, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101228064711/http://www.airfrance.fr/FR/en/common/guidevoyageur/aeroport/salon_monde_airfrance.htm. December 28, 2010. dead.
64. Web site: Boston Edward L. Logan International Airport (BOS) Lounges. Oneworld. 2024. August 17, 2024.
65. Web site: Delta Sky Club Locations . Delta Air Lines . 2024 . August 16, 2024.
66. Web site: Lufthansa Lounges. Lufthansa. 2018. May 25, 2018.
67. Web site: Our Lounges - Worldwide Lounges . Emirates. 2024. August 16, 2024.
68. 1977. John A. Volpe International Terminal. AIA Journal. 1. 63. American Institute of Architects. February 6, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130528232623/http://books.google.com/books?id=h-cxAQAAIAAJ&q=%22John+A.+Volpe+International+Terminal%22+desmond+lord+kubitz&dq=%22John+A.+Volpe+International+Terminal%22+desmond+lord+kubitz&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bqkSUY6lK8mwyQHpl4HoBA&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAg. May 28, 2013. live.
69. Web site: Logan Airport Completes Expansion of International Terminal E. Massport. August 11, 2017. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160305073940/https://www.massport.com/media/337677/TerminalE_EA_073015_signed.pdf. March 5, 2016. mdy-all.
70. News: International upgrades for Boston's Logan Airport. New England Cable News. March 4, 2014. May 24, 2014. dead. https://archive.today/20140524153324/http://www.necn.com/03/04/14/International-upgrades-for-Bostons-Logan/landing_business.html?blockID=863505. May 24, 2014. mdy-all.
71. Web site: Multi-million dollar Boston Logan Airport Terminal E expansion quietly opens. WCVB. November 16, 2023. August 15, 2023.
72. Web site: Terminal E Modernization. Massport. https://web.archive.org/web/20191108182125/https://www.massport.com/logan-forward/initiatives/terminal-e-modernization/. November 8, 2019. live.
73. Web site: Terminal E Modernization. Massport. July 31, 2020. October 19, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201019154759/https://www.massport.com/capitalprogramsattachments/L338-/L338-%20Exhibit%20A.pdf. dead.
74. News: Rice . Justin . Boston Logan Airport Opens Modernized Terminal E Engineering News-Record . 13 February 2024 . www.enr.com . 15 November 2023 . en.
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76. Web site: BOS airport data at skyvector.com. skyvector.com. August 24, 2022.
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81. Book: . Logan Airside Improvements Planning Project: Environmental Impact Statement . . 2 . Appendix B - History of the Airfield at Logan . February 1999 . December 12, 2019.
82. Book: Nelkin, Dorothy . 1974 . Jetport: The Boston Airport Controversy . Transaction Publishers . 0-87855-591-9 . 50.
83. Web site: KBOS: General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport . AirNav.com . September 23, 2010 . October 16, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101017175453/http://www.airnav.com/airport/Kbos . October 17, 2010 . live .
84. FAA Airport Diagram.
85. Web site: Community Relations and Government Affairs . Massport . March 8, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150315011520/http://massport.com/in-the-community/community-relations-and-government-affairs/ . March 15, 2015 . dead .
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