Bose Corporation Explained

Bose Corporation
Type:Private
Founder:Amar Bose[1]
Industry:Audio electronics
Products:Audio equipment
Owner:Massachusetts Institute of Technology (majority)
Key People:Lila Snyder, CEO
Jim Scammon, President and COO[2]
Bob Maresca, Chairman, former CEO[3]
Revenue:US$3.2 billion (FY 2021)
Num Employees:7,000 (FY 2021)[4]
Location:Framingham, Massachusetts, U.S.

Bose Corporation is an American manufacturing company that predominantly sells audio equipment. The company was established by Amar Bose in 1964 and is based in Framingham, Massachusetts. It is best known for its home audio systems and speakers, noise-canceling headphones, professional audio products, and automobile sound systems.[5] [6] [7] Bose has a reputation for being particularly protective of its patents, trademarks, and brands.

The majority owner of Bose Corporation is the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Non-voting shares were donated to MIT by founder Amar Bose and receive cash dividends. According to the company's annual report for the 2021 financial year, Bose Corporation's yearly sales were $3.2 billion, and the company employed approximately 7,000 people.

History

The company was founded in Massachusetts in 1964 by Amar Bose with angel investor funding, including Amar's thesis advisor and professor, Y. W. Lee.[8] Bose's interest in speaker systems had begun in 1956 when he purchased an audio system and was disappointed with its performance.[9] The purpose of the company was to develop speaker systems which used multiple speakers aimed at the surrounding walls to reflect the sound and replicate the sound of a concert hall.[8]

In 1966, the Bose 2201 was the first product sold by the company.[10] It was an unusual design consisting of 22 speakers, with many of them facing away from the listener. The 2201 was designed to be located in the corner of a room, using reflections off the walls to increase the apparent size of the room. The 2201 failed in the marketplace and was discontinued after three or four years.[10]

After this experience, Bose concluded that the audio system measurement techniques of the time (such as measuring distortion and frequency response) were ineffective ways to evaluate the goal of natural sound reproduction. Bose argued that the listener's perception was the best measure of audio quality.[11] [12] [13] Also in 1968, the company introduced the Bose 901 stereo speaker system, which used eight mid-range drivers pointing towards the wall behind the speaker, and a ninth driver towards the listener. This design aimed to achieve a dominance of reflected over direct sound in home listening spaces. The design used in the 901 was unconventional compared with most systems, where mid-range and high-frequency speakers directly face the listener.[14] The 901 was an immediate commercial success. As a result, Bose Corporation experienced rapid growth during the 1970s. The Bose 901 model name was a mainstay of the Bose line-up for many years, being produced from 1968 until 2016.[15] [16]

In 1991, a team of Bose researchers debunked a 1989 experiment that claimed to have created energy through cold fusion.[17]

The first Bose retail store was opened in 1993 in Kittery, Maine.[18]

In 2011, then-chairman and primary stockholder Amar Bose donated the majority of the firm's non-voting shares to his former employer and alma mater, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. An annual cash dividend is paid out to "advance the research and education mission of MIT." However, the conditions of receiving the shares stated that MIT was not allowed to sell them, nor was MIT permitted to participate in the company's management and governance.[19] [20] Following Amar Bose's death in 2013, Bob Maresca became the Chief Executive Officer.[21] [22] [23]

In June 2016, Bose and Flex manufacturing extended their strategic partnership, transferring Bose operations in Malaysia and Mexico to Flex.[24] [25]

At the end of 2017, Maresca stepped down as CEO, and Bose President Phil Hess took the position.[26] Maresca remained Chairman of the Board.[27]

In January 2020, Bose announced that they would be closing all their more than 100 retail stores in North America, Japan, Europe, and Australia.[28] They would retain their online presence, as well as sell their products through Target, Best Buy, and Amazon.[29]

In late January 2020, President and COO Jim Scammon replaced Phil Hess.[30]

In August 2020, Bose named their first female CEO, Lila Snyder, who was formerly an executive at Pitney Bowes.[31] Snyder, who took her position in September 2020, is an MIT alumna, having earned her masters and Ph.D. degrees in mechanical engineering there.[32]

Production facilities

Bose's products are manufactured in the United States, Mexico, China and Malaysia.[33] [34] [35] The company's factories in the United States are located in Framingham, Massachusetts (also the site of the company headquarters), Westborough, Massachusetts and Stow, Massachusetts.[36] In early 2021, Bose Corporation notified the Town of Stow of intention to vacate the 81.5 acre Stow campus after 18 years at the site, moving nearly 1500 employees to the Framingham headquarters.[37] The Bose factories in Mexico are located in Tijuana and San Luis Río Colorado. The Malaysian Bose factory is located in Batu Kawan and is the company's Asia-Pacific and Middle East distribution hub.[38]

In 2015, two facilities in Columbia, South Carolina, US and Carrickmacross, Ireland, were closed (with the loss of 300 and 140 jobs, respectively) as part of a "global streamlining of Bose's supply chain. Bose used the Columbia facility, which opened in 1993, for distribution and repair, sub-manufacturing and regional manufacturing, and final assembly for some headsets. The Carrickmacross factory began operations in 1978 and did the final assembly for some home theater systems, Wave radios, and other regional manufacturing.[39] The operation of the San Luis and Batu Kawan factories were taken over by contract manufacturer Flex in 2016 and continued to produce Bose products.[40]

Products

Automotive

Following an unsuccessful attempt to sell aftermarket car speakers, Bose's first OEM audio installation was in a MY1983 Cadillac Seville.[41] [42] Bose has since supplied audio systems for many car manufacturers. In 2007, the Bose media system won the International Telematics Award for the "Best Storage Solution for In-Car Environment."[43]

A prototype active suspension system, using electromagnetic motors instead of hydraulic/pneumatic power, was unveiled by the company in 2004[44] [45] and was due for release in 2009.[46] [47] However, it did not materialize due to weight and cost.[48] The system used electromagnetic linear motors to raise or lower the wheels of an automobile in response to uneven bumps or potholes on the road. The wheels are raised when approaching a bump (or lowered into a pothole) to keep the automobile level, using principles similar to noise cancelling audio devices. A prototype car had been engineered to jump over an obstacle.[49] [50] The company said that the system is too expensive and heavy, even after development over more than 20 years costing $100 million of development.[51] In November 2017, it was reported that Bose had sold the technology to ClearMotion.[52] In May 2018, it was announced that five major car manufacturers had expressed interest in the technology and that it may be available in 2019 for low-volume vehicles and by 2020 for the mass market.[53] [54]

A truck seat system called Bose Ride was introduced in 2010.[55] [56] This active seat system aims to reduce fatigue, back pain and physical stress experienced by truck drivers by reducing vibration from the road.[57] Bose claimed up to a 90% reduction in driver's seat vibration.[58]

As of 2018, automobile brands that have Bose audio systems available in their vehicles are Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, Fiat, GMC, Honda, Hyundai, Infiniti, Kia, Mazda, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Renault and Porsche.[59]

Home audio and video

See main article: Bose home audio products.

Bose's product range has included:

In 2012, Bose was the highest-selling company in the United States for retail home theater systems and the third highest-selling for portable audio products.[60]

Headphones

See main article: Bose headphones. The company has sold aviation headsets since 1989 and consumer headphones since 2000.[61] The current range of headphones/headsets consists of over-ear, in-ear, aviation and military models.

Bose has contracts with the U.S. military[62] [63] and NASA.[64] [65]

Commercial sound systems

The Bose Professional division was established in 1972 to produce and install public address systems.[18] In 2009, the division accounted for about 60% of Bose's annual revenue.[66] Bose was the first company to pay for the title of official Olympics sound system supplier, providing audio equipment for the 1988 and 1992 Winter Olympics in Calgary and Albertville respectively.[67] [68] Bose's systems have not received THX certification.[69]

The Bose L1 is a range of portable line array loudspeaker systems for musicians. The L1 was introduced in 2003 with models retroactively known as the "L1 Classic" range.[70] These products were replaced by the "L1 Model I" and "L1 Model II" in 2007.[71] A smaller and lighter "L1 Compact" model was introduced April 2009.[72] [73] The L1 Model I was replaced by the "L1 Model 1S" in 2012, and the "B1 Bass Module" was replaced by the larger "B2 Bass Module".

Since the 1980s, Bose has offered 25-volt and 70-volt installed commercial audio systems for businesses.

View on published specifications

The company is known for electing not to provide audio specifications for its products.[74] [12] [75] This policy dates back to 1968 when Amar Bose published a paper titled "On the Design, Measurement, and Evaluation of Loudspeakers" wherein he rejected numerical test data in favor of subjective evaluation.[76] [77] In a 2007 interview, Amar stated: "There are two reasons we cut out the specifications: 1- We don't know of any measurements that actually determine anything about a product, and 2- Measurements are phony, in general, as they are printed."[78]

Reception

In some non-audio-related publications, Bose has been cited as a producer of "high-end audio" products.[79] Commenting in 2007 on Bose's "high-end" market positioning among audiophiles (people concerned with the best possible sound), a PC Magazine product reviewer stated, "not only is Bose equipment's sound quality not up to audiophile standards, but one could buy something that does meet these stringent requirements for the same price or, often, for less." Bose has also received mixed reviews from the public. Bose has not been certified by THX for its home entertainment products[80] even though its more expensive home theater products compete at prices where THX certification is common. Some other views include:

Legal actions

Audio industry professionals have described Bose as a litigious company.[84] [85] [86] In 1981, Bose unsuccessfully sued the magazine Consumer Reports for libel. Consumer Reports reported in a review that the sound from the system they reviewed "tended to wander about the room." Initially, the Federal District Court found that Consumer Reports "had published the false statement with knowledge that it was false or with reckless disregard of its truth or falsity" when it changed what the original reviewer wrote about the speakers in his pre-publication draft, that the sound tended to wander "along the wall." The Court of Appeals then reversed the trial court's ruling on liability, and the United States Supreme Court affirmed in a 6–3 vote in the case Bose Corp. v. Consumers Union of United States, Inc., finding that the statement was made without actual malice, and therefore there was no libel.[87] [88] [89] In an interview decades later Amar Bose said "We had 37 people at the time. I gathered them in one room and said, 'If we don't do anything, it will probably kill us. But if we do something, we have no credibility since we're just a small company, and we can't do anything against this.' I said I think we oughtta do something. I wanted a vote. It was unanimous in favor of taking action. Little did we know it would take 14 years to go through the legal process."[78]

Bose sued Thiel Audio in the early 1990s to stop the audiophile loudspeaker maker from using ".2" at the end of its product model "CS2.2". To comply with Bose's trademark of ".2" associated with the Bose Model 2.2 product, Thiel changed their model name to "CS2 2", substituting a space for the decimal point.[90] Bose did not trademark ".3" so in 1997 when Thiel introduced the next model in the series, they named it the "Thiel 2.3", advertising "the return of the decimal point."[91]

In 1996, Bose sued two subsidiaries of Harman International Industries—JBL and Infinity Systems—for violating a Bose patent on elliptical tuning ports on some loudspeaker products.[85] In 2000, the court determined that Harman was to cease using elliptical ports in its products, and Harman was to pay Bose $5.7 million in court costs.[85] Harman stopped using the disputed port design but appealed the financial decision. At the end of 2002, the earlier judgment was upheld, but by this time, Bose's court expenses had risen to $8 million, all to be paid by Harman.[92]

Bose was successful in blocking QSC Audio Products from trademarking the term "PowerWave" in connection with a specific QSC amplifier technology. In 2002, a court decided that the "Wave" trademark was worthy of greater protection because it was well-known on its own, even beyond its association with Bose.[93]

In 2003, Bose sued Custom Electronics Design and Installation Association (CEDIA), a non-profit electronics trade organization, for use of the "Electronic Lifestyles" trademark,[94] which CEDIA has been using since 1997. Bose argued that the trademark interfered with its own "Lifestyle" trademark.[95] Bose had previously sued to protect its "Lifestyle" trademark beginning in 1996 with success against Motorola and continuing with settlements against New England Stereo, Lifestyle Technologies, Optoma and AMX.[96] In May 2007, CEDIA won the lawsuit after the court determined Bose to be guilty of laches (unreasonable delays) and that Bose's assertions of fraud and the likelihood of confusion were without merit.[97] CEDIA was criticized for spending nearly $1 million of its members' money on the lawsuit, and Bose was criticized for "unsportsmanlike action against its own trade association," according to Julie Jacobson of CE Pro magazine.[96]

In July 2014, Bose sued Beats Electronics for patent infringement, alleging that its "Studio" headphones line incorporated Bose noise-canceling technology.[98] [99] Bose and Apple had collaborated on the SoundDock for iPod music players in 2004. Then, in May 2014, Apple bought out Beats, bringing Bose and Apple into direct competition in the headphone market. In Apple stores, Bose headphones were once the foremost brand offered, but at the time of the lawsuit, Beats products outnumbered Bose. In 2014, for the total premium headphone market share, Beats held 62%, and Bose held 22%.[100] In October 2014, Bose dropped the lawsuit, as Bose and Beats settled out of court without revealing the terms.[101] [102] [103] Apple removed all Bose products from its Apple stores a few days after the lawsuit was settled,[104] but two months later, Bose products returned.[105]

In April 2017, Bose was sued alleging a privacy violation regarding the mobile phone apps delivered by Bose to control their Bluetooth headphones.[106]

Notes and References

  1. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/11/business/worldbusiness/11iht-wbspot12.1.5665506.html?pagewanted=all "Spotlight: Amar Bose, the guru of sound design"
  2. Web site: Carnoy . David . Bose quietly replaces its CEO . CNET . 10 December 2021.
  3. Web site: Carnoy . David . Bose CEO Bob Maresca to step down on Dec. 31 . CNET . 10 December 2021.
  4. https://assets.bose.com/content/dam/Bose_DAM/Web/consumer_electronics/global/content_pages/corporate/about_us/sustainability/Sustainability_2021_refresh/Bose_2021_Sustainability_Report.pdf "Bose 2021 sustainability report"
  5. Web site: Founder of Mass.-based Bose audio firm dies at 83 . Associated Press: The Big Story . 12 July 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20151019032008/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/founder-mass-based-bose-audio-firm-dies-83. 19 October 2015.
  6. Web site: Bose Knows a Bit About Pro . July 2014 . FOH Online . https://web.archive.org/web/20140829031642/http://www.fohonline.com/current-issue/25-the-biz/10834-bose-knows-a-bit-about-pro.html . August 29, 2014 . dead .
  7. Web site: The history of Bose in-car audio, from an '83 Seville, to the 2015 Escalade . 8 October 2014 . Digital Trends.
  8. Web site: Amar G. Bose, Acoustic Engineer and Inventor, Dies at 83 . The New York Times. Rifkin. Glenn. July 12, 2013. July 21, 2019.
  9. Web site: Lemley . Brad . Amar Bose Interview . . October 1, 2004 . October 21, 2012.
  10. Web site: University of Massachusetts: Pioneers of Innovation – Sherwin Greenblatt Conversation . Massachusetts.edu . 2012-10-21 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121202021055/http://www.massachusetts.edu/uncommonleadership/greenblatt_conversation.html . December 2, 2012 . mdy .
  11. Web site: Amar Bose . On The Design, Measurement, and Evaluation of Loudspeakers . Aes.org . 1968 . 2012-10-21.
  12. Web site: Review:Bose Wave Music System. Gadget Guy. May 16, 2006. July 23, 2019.
  13. Web site: AES paper . October 1968 . Aes.org . 2012-10-21.
  14. Web site: Bose 901 Direct/Reflecting Speaker System . www.bose.com . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160801084349/http://www.bose.com/prc.jsp?url=%2Fshop_online%2Fspeakers%2Fstereo_speakers%2F901_speakers%2Findex.jsp . August 1, 2016 . October 20, 2019 .
  15. Web site: 901 Direct/Reflecting® speaker system . www.bose.com . 25 July 2019.
  16. Web site: 901® Direct/Reflecting® speaker system series VI . www.bose.com . 25 July 2019.
  17. Web site: Bose Once Debunked Cold Fusion. Yes, that Bose . 4 August 2019 . www.mashable.com. October 5, 2014 .
  18. Web site: Innovations/achievements . www.bose.com . 26 July 2019.
  19. Web site: Gift to MIT . MIT website . 29 April 2011.
  20. Gift to MIT from Amar Bose raises Tax Questions, by Stephen Stom, New York Times 30 April 2011
  21. News: Amar G. Bose, Acoustic Engineer and Inventor, Dies at 83. Glenn. Rifkin. The New York Times. July 12, 2013.
  22. Web site: Bose CEO Bob Maresca to step down on Dec. 31 . www.cnet.com . 25 July 2019 . en.
  23. Web site: Maresca Interview . www.sportsbusinessdaily.com . 25 July 2019.
  24. Bose Corporation To Extend Strategic Partnership With Flex. www.prnewswire.com. en.
  25. Web site: 2016-06-17. Bose Selling Pair Of Factories To Flex. TWICE. en-US.
  26. Web site: Carnoy. David. Bose CEO Bob Maresca to step down on Dec. 31. CNET. en.
  27. Web site: Bose CEO to retire at year-end as company seeks Boston site. www.bizjournals.com.
  28. Web site: Welch. Chris. 2020-01-15. Bose is closing all of its retail stores in North America, Europe, Japan, and Australia. The Verge. en.
  29. Web site: Jordan Valinsky. Bose is closing more than 100 stores worldwide. CNN. January 16, 2020 .
  30. Web site: Carnoy. David. Bose quietly replaces its CEO. CNET. en.
  31. Web site: Carnoy. David. Bose names its first female CEO as wait continues for new products. CNET. en.
  32. Web site: 2020-08-25. Female CEO To Lead Bose Starting in September. Framingham SOURCE. en-US.
  33. Web site: 10 popular products in the US you didn't know were made in Mexico . www.cnbc.com . 26 July 2019 . en . 30 January 2017.
  34. Web site: Bose Quiet Comfort 25 . www.kenrockwell.com . 26 July 2019.
  35. Web site: Bose QuietComfort 20 Review . www.webbikeworld.com . 26 July 2019 . 21 September 2013.
  36. News: bizjournals.com – Bose nixes N.Y. expansion, chooses Stow instead . Boston.bizjournals.com . 2012-10-21.
  37. https://www.stow-ma.gov/planning-board/pages/masters-academy-proposal-former-bose-site Town of Stow: Master's Academy Proposal at Former Bose Site
  38. Web site: Bose to open manufacturing plant in Malaysia. 2016-08-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20190405210940/https://in.news.yahoo.com/bose-open-manufacturing-plant-malaysia-120924436.html. April 5, 2019. dead.
  39. Web site: Bose in Columbia to close in September. 2016-08-21.
  40. Web site: Bose Selling Pair Of Factories To Flex. 2016-06-17. 2016-08-21.
  41. Web site: The history of Bose in-car audio, from an '83 Seville, to the 2015 Escalade . https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/BtzHIow64dA. 2021-12-12 . live. www.youtube.com . 27 July 2019 . 8 October 2014.
  42. Web site: Bose Global Press Room - Bose Celebrates 30 Years of Automotive Sound.
  43. Web site: World News: Finalists revealed for the 2007 Telematics Awards TU-Automotive - Tracking Automotive Technology & Innovation. February 16, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20110716203535/http://www.telematicsupdate.com/print.asp?news=55420. July 16, 2011. dead.
  44. Web site: Bose Reimagines Auto Suspension. Howard. Bill. August 26, 2004. PCMAG. en. 2019-03-27.
  45. "Popular Science" magazine, December 2004
  46. Web site: Harris . William . The Bose Suspension System . Auto.howstuffworks.com . 2005-05-11 . 2012-10-21.
  47. Web site: Walton . Chris . Inside Line 'Bose Suspension' . Edmunds.com . 2012-10-21.
  48. Web site: Bose at 50: beyond sound . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/technology-topics/11138572/Bose-at-50-beyond-sound.html . January 12, 2022 . subscription . live . 3 October 2014 . The Telegraph.
  49. Web site: A car that can jump over obstacles . NBC News . 2005-11-28 . 2012-10-21.
  50. (car jumping appears at 3:20)
  51. Web site: Bose Says Suspension Drawing Interest From OEMs . Shuldiner . Herb . WardsAuto.com . November 30, 2007 . July 31, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100708054059/http://wardsauto.com/electronics/bose_suspension_oems/index.html . July 8, 2010 . dead .
  52. Web site: Bose Sells Off Its Revolutionary Electromagnetic Suspension - ExtremeTech. www.extremetech.com. 2019-03-27.
  53. Web site: World's first digital car chassis technology to reach roads in 2019 Autocar. www.autocar.co.uk. 2019-03-27.
  54. Web site: The Bose 'Magic Carpet' Car Suspension System Is Finally Headed For Production. Cheromcha. Kyle. The Drive. May 22, 2018 . 2019-03-27.
  55. News: Gerry . Miles . Potholed Boston streets inspire Bose truck seat . March 15, 2010 . . 2012-07-15.
  56. Web site: Study of Bose Ride System Indicates Reduction in Back Pain for Drivers . 27 March 2014 . Heavy Duty Trucking: Truckinginfo.
  57. News: Stephen . Williams . Bose's New System Is a Truck Seat . January 29, 2010 . . 2012-07-15.
  58. News: Dave . Vanderwerp . The Bose Ride Truck Seating System: Bose makes 'trucker butt' a thing of the past . December 2010 . . 2012-07-15.
  59. Web site: Vehicles. January 5, 2018.
  60. Web site: NPD Market Share Reports by Category . Twice.com . 2013-12-25 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140102054334/http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/newbay/twice_20130108/index.php?startid=74 . January 2, 2014 . dead.
  61. Web site: Escape the Noise . www.bose.co.uk . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120304004231/http://www.bose.co.uk/GB/en/learning-centre/featured-stories/escape-the-noise/ . 4 March 2012 .
  62. Web site: Bose Headsets used by Sonar Operators . 2006-08-30 . 2012-10-21 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20060830100250/http://www.headsets.in/bose-headset.htm . August 30, 2006 .
  63. Web site: Aerospace News . Aerospace News . 2007-03-14 . 2012-10-21 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070404120133/http://www.aerospacenews.com/content/view/257/66/ . April 4, 2007 . dead .
  64. News: Forbes Magazine Biography of Amar Bose . Forbes.com . 2006-02-13 . 2012-10-21.
  65. Web site: Amar Bose – Lemelson-MIT Program . lemelson.mit.edu . 2016-09-10.
  66. Book: Plunkett's Entertainment and Media Industry Almanac 2009 . January 22, 2009. 9781593921309 . 2012-10-21. Plunkett . Jack W. . Plunkett Research .
  67. https://books.google.com/books?id=l3HsAAAAMAAJ&q=Bose+"olympic"&dq=Bose+"olympic" The Film journal
  68. Web site: Bose Corporation – Company History . Fundinguniverse.com . 2012-10-21.
  69. Web site: Approved Equipment Lists. Sound Engineer. THX. July 23, 2010. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20100802000244/http://www.thx.com/professional/sound-engineer/approved-equipment-lists/. August 2, 2010. mdy-all.
  70. Web site: Woods . Mark . 2021-03-22 . Review: Bose L1 Pro32 Portable Line Array . 2023-10-27 . AudioTechnology . en-AU.
  71. http://www.vettaville.nl/vvboseL1info.html#8 Bose L1 model II and T1 press release
  72. Web site: Live Review: Bose L1 Model 1S with B2 Bass Module and ToneMatch Audio Engine . www.prosoundnetwork.com . March 25, 2013 . 5 June 2019 . en-us.
  73. Web site: Bose L1 Compact Acoustic PA Review . www.premierguitar.com . June 17, 2009. 5 June 2019 . en.
  74. Web site: 5 Best Bose Speakers - Aug. 2019 . www.bestreviews.com . 2 August 2019 . en.
  75. Web site: Why BOSE Speakers are So Expensive (A Detailed Study). December 26, 2017.
  76. Web site: On The Design, Measurement, and Evaluation of Loudspeakers . AES . 1968 . 2010-07-23.
  77. Web site: Bose: Why Audiophiles Should Stop the Hate. May 17, 2011 .
  78. Web site: Seth Porges . Dr. Bose Tells All: Company Secrets, Why They Don't Publish Specs, And More . Techcrunch.com . 2007-09-19 . 2012-10-21.
  79. Web site: C|Net "Classy compacts: high-end CD radios" . Reviews.cnet.com . 2012-10-21.
    News: Amar Bose, The world's richest people . Forbes.com . 2006-02-13 . 2012-10-21.
    News: High-End, Affordable and Adaptable . PCMag.com . 2005-03-16 . 2012-10-21.
    Ignited

    managers! light up your company and career for more power By Vince Thompson (pg 178) "Bose Corporation, the maker of high-end audio equipment"
    International business: theory and practice By Riad A. Ajami, Karel Cool, G. Jason Goddard (pg 470) "In 2002, Loewe established its distribution in the United States. The distribution was set up in cooperation with another high-end manufacturer, Bose, a U.S. sound specialist."
    Popular Mechanics Aug 2002 (pg 38) "Bose electronics, known for its tiny yet powerful Lifestyle home theater speaker and other high-end audio equipment"

  80. Web site: List of THX certified home entertainment products. Consumer. July 23, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100802004726/http://www.thx.com/consumer/home-entertainment/thx-certified-products/. August 2, 2010. dead.
  81. Web site: Stereophile Review . November 7, 1995 . Stereophile.com . 2012-10-21.
  82. Web site: We Review the Bose 901... Magic or Myth? . March 12, 2012 . TONEAudio.com . 2013-12-29.
  83. Web site: Forrester Research – "The 2005 Technology Brand Scorecard". October 12, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20150129105429/https://www.forrester.com/Research/Document/0,7211,38694,00.html. January 29, 2015. dead.
  84. News: Bose Packs Concert Acoustics Into Home-Speaker Systems . Bulkeley . William M. . December 31, 1996 . The Wall Street Journal . Among its competitors in the fragmented U.S loudspeaker industry, Bose is feared and disliked... Bose's image isn't helped by its hard-line tactics... It has also sued many of its competitors for mimicking its ads or the look of its products. Bose is 'litigious, and they patent everything that moves,' says Andrew Kotsatos, president of Boston Acoustics Inc., a speaker maker in Peabody, Mass. Mr. Kotsatos says Bose's lawyers objected to his company's use of the phrase 'invisible subwoofer' in advertising. 'We got a letter saying they had a trademark on the phrase "virtually invisible"' describing the Bose subwoofer. Thomas DeVesto, president of Cambridge Soundworks Inc., a Newton, Mass., speaker maker, says, 'I have to be careful. Every time I say something about them, they sue.' To settle a Bose lawsuit, Cambridge had to agree to stop running ads boasting that its speakers were 'better than Bose at half the price.'.
  85. Harman Will Appeal Judgment on Bose Patent Infringement . Willis . Barry . September 10, 2000 . Stereophile . Source Interlink Media.
  86. Bose: No Highs, No Lows, Just $1B in Net Worth . Chuck . Schneider . August 19, 2013 . CE Pro . June 6, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181221230812/http://www.cepro.com/article/bose_no_highs_no_lows_just_1b_in_net_worth/D2/ . December 21, 2018 . dead.
  87. http://www.mobar.org/fecee336-a405-41e8-9647-fe5deb9cba1d.aspx Commentary on libel cases in general giving a specific example of Bose Corp. v. Consumer's Union of United States.
  88. Web site: Opinion of the United States Supreme Court . Supreme.justia.com . 2012-10-21.
  89. News: . 1984-05-02 . NY Times editorial on the Supreme Court's ruling . . 2012-10-21.
  90. Thiel CS2 2 loudspeaker . Tellig . Sam . September 3, 2006 . Stereophile . Source Interlink Media.
  91. Absolute Sound . Thiel advertisement . 101 . 1997 . Thiel 2.3 Loudspeaker: The Return of the Decimal Point ...Well, Thiel's decimal point is back, and it ain't the only change, children..
  92. Bose vs Harman Upheld . Willis . Barry . December 30, 2002 . Stereophile . Source Interlink Media.
  93. News: Costa Mesa's QSC Loses Bose Trademark Appeal . Los Angeles Times . June 19, 2002.
  94. Bell, Ian (November 10, 2003) Bose sues CEDIA over trademark. Digital Trends
  95. Paone, Joe (May 2007) CEDIA Announces Win in 'Electronic Lifestyles' Trademark Battle Against Bose. CustomRetailer.
  96. Jacobson, Julie (May 3, 2007) Bose Loses 'Lifestyle' Battle against CEDIA; AMX Drops 'Lifestyle' Brand: CEDIA finally prevailed against Bose after spending four years and almost $1 million. CE Pro.
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