| Boris Shcherbina | |
| Image Upright: | 0.9 |
| Office1: | Deputy Chairman |
| 1Blankname1: | Chairman |
| 1Namedata1: | |
| Office2: | Minister of Construction |
| 1Blankname2: | Chairman |
| 1Namedata2: | |
| Successor2: | Vladimir Chirskov |
| Birth Date: | 5 October 1919 |
| Birth Place: | Debaltsevo, Donets Governorate, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union (now Debaltseve, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine) |
| Death Place: | Moscow, Soviet Union |
| Resting Place: | Novodevichy Cemetery |
| Party: | Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1939–1990) |
| Occupation: | Railway engineer |
| Known For: | Crisis management of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster and 1988 Armenian earthquake; Chairman of the Chernobyl Commission |
| Awards: | Hero of Socialist Labor |
| Serviceyears Label: | Service years |
| Serviceyears: | 1939–1942 |
| Battles Label: | Conflict |
| Spouse: | Raisa Pavlovna Shcherbina |
| Children: | Yuri Borisovich Shcherbina |
| Native Name Lang: | ru |
Boris Yevdokimovich Shcherbina (Russian: Борис Евдокимович Щербина; Ukrainian: Борис Євдокимович Щербина|Borys Yevdokymovych Shcherbyna; 5 October 1919 – 22 August 1990) was a Ukrainian Soviet politician who served as a Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union from 1984 to 1989. During this period he supervised Soviet crisis management of two major catastrophes: the 1986 Chernobyl disaster and the 1988 Armenian earthquake.[1] [2]
Shcherbina was born in Debaltsevo, Ukrainian SSR (now Debaltseve in Donetsk Oblast, eastern Ukraine) on October 5, 1919 to the family of a Ukrainian[3] railroad worker.[4] He joined the CPSU in 1939 and volunteered for army service during the Winter War with Finland.[5] He was married to Raisa Pavlovna and the two had one son, Yuri Borisovich.
Shcherbina is credited with co-founding the oil and gas industry in Western Siberia while serving as the CPSU first secretary in Tyumen Oblast and later as the Minister of Construction of Oil and Gas Industries (1973–1984).[6] In 1976, Shcherbina had become a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and kept the position until his death.
In 1984, he became a Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers and as such was in charge of dealing with the Chernobyl disaster outcome in 1986. Shcherbina played a crucial role in the extensive cleanup and damage control from the Chernobyl disaster, alongside scientists such as Valery Legasov.
Shcherbina served in a similar role after the catastrophic 1988 Armenian earthquake.[7] He proposed inviting international rescuers – from Austria and Czechoslovakia – who had thermal imagers and specially trained dogs at their disposal to search for living people.
In 1990, he opposed the election of Boris Yeltsin to the chairmanship of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, describing him as "a man of low moral qualities", whose election would "pave the way for the darkest period in our country's history".[8]
Shcherbina died in Moscow in 1990, aged 70.[1] [2] It is speculated that his death resulted from a radiation-induced cancer caused by his work at the Chernobyl disaster site. Officially, however, it is unknown whether his death was related to radiation, as a 1988 decree that he drafted prevented Soviet doctors from citing radiation as a cause of death or illness.[9] [10]
In his position of Minister of Oil and Gas, he was awarded the honorific title of Hero of Socialist Labour for major contributions to the development of the country's oil and gas industry, which was the highest award for achievements within the national economy. During his life, he was also awarded four Orders of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution and two Orders of the Red Banner of Labour.[11]
In Gyumri, Armenia, a street was named after him in his honour. On 10 November 2004, a bust of Shcherbina was erected in Nikolai Nemtsov Square in Tyumen, Tyumen Oblast.
Shcherbina is portrayed by Vernon Dobtcheff in the BBC docudrama Surviving Disaster (2006) and by Stellan Skarsgård in the Sky/HBO miniseries Chernobyl (2019).