Boreus Explained
Boreus is the most diverse of three genera of insects in the family Boreidae. They are commonly known as winter scorpionflies due to their close relation to the true scorpionflies and preference for cold habitats.
Description and distribution
Species of Boreus are dark in color, 3 to 5 mm long, and have reduced, non-functional wings. In males, the wings resemble straps, while in females they are short stubs. Females also have a pointed ovipositor. Both sexes have an elongated head, or rostrum. Larvae are grublike, mostly hairless and lacking prolegs.
They have a holarctic distribution and are found in boreal and high altitude habitats.[1]
Biology
Boreus species are highly adapted to cold environments and often found on the surface of snow. Although they cannot fly, they have the ability to hop or jump. All species are known to feed on mosses, both as adults and larvae. Males use their hardened wing straps to grasp the female and lift her above their back during mating.[2]
Species
These 27 species belong to the genus Boreus:
- Boreus beybienkoi Tarbinsky, 1962
i c g- Boreus bomari Byers and Shaw, 2000
i c g- Boreus borealis Banks, 1923
i c g
i c g b (mid-winter boreus)
i c g b- Boreus chagzhigireji Pliginsky, 1914
i c g
i c g b
i c g b
i c g
i c g b- Boreus intermedius Lloyd, 1934
i c g- Boreus jacutensis Plutenko, 1984
i c g- Boreus jezoensis Hori and Morimoto, 1996
i c g- Boreus kratochvili Mayer, 1938
i c g- Boreus lokayi Klapálek, 1901
i c g- Boreus navasi Pliginsky, 1914
i c g
i c g b (snow-born boreus)
i c g b- Boreus orientalis Martynova, 1954
i c g- Boreus pilosus Carpenter, 1935
i c g- Boreus reductus Carpenter, 1933
i c g- Boreus semenovi Pliginsky, 1930
i c g- Boreus sjostedti Navás, 1926
i c g- Boreus tardokijanensis Plutenko, 1985
i c g
g- Boreus vlasovi Martynova, 1954
i c g- Boreus westwoodi Hagen, 1866
i c gData sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.netExternal links
Notes and References
- Hågvar, Sigmund. "A review of Fennoscandian arthropods living on and in snow." European Journal of Entomology 107.3 (2010).
- Web site: Vol 48, No 1 - Scorpionflies, Hangingflies, and other Mecoptera - The Kansas School Naturalist. Emporia State University. www.emporia.edu. November 16, 2017. November 17, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171117002425/https://www.emporia.edu/ksn/v48n1-may2002/. dead.