Borden Formation Explained

Borden Formation
Type:	Sedimentary
Period:	Mississippian
Prilithology:	Shale, siltstone, sandstone
Otherlithology:	Limestone
Namedfor:	Borden, Clark County, Indiana
Namedby:	Cummings
Year Ts:	1922^[1]
Region:	Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, West Virginia, Tennessee
Subunits:	Kentucky: New Providence Shale Kenwood Siltstone Nancy Holtsclaw Siltstone Muldraugh, Farmers,^[2] ^[3] Nada Cowbell Renfro Indiana Edwardsville Formation New Providence Shale Spickert Knob Formation
Thickness:	Kentucky: 0-^[4]
Extent:	Cincinnati Arch, Appalachian Basin, Illinois Basin

The Mississippian Borden Formation is a mapped bedrock unit in Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, West Virginia,^[5] and Tennessee. It has many members, which has led some geologists to consider it a group (for example in Indiana^[6]) rather than a formation (for example in Kentucky^{[7] [8]}).

Stratigraphy

There are three members of the Borden Group in Indiana.

Edwardsville Formation

The Edwardsville Formation is a geological structure in the Borden Group, of the Lower Mississippian sub system,^[9] (Osagean, late Tournaisian). Crinoids fossils can be found in the formation.^[10]

New Providence Shale

The New Providence Shale is a geologic formation in Indiana.

Spickert Knob Formation

The Spickert Knob Formation is a geologic formation in Indiana

Fossils

• Scyphozoans: Conularia sp. (from Borden Formation), Paraconularia sp. (from Coral Ridge Member, New Providence Shale)^[11]
• Hexactinellid Sponges (from Muldraugh Formation)^[11]
• Brachiopods: Orthotetes keokuk (from Borden Formation), Orbiculoidea (from Coral Ridge Member, New Providence Shale)^[11]
• Trilobite

Phillibole conkini (Coral Ridge Member, New Providence Formation, Borden Group)^[11]

• Cephalopods: Cantabricanites greenei, Polaricyclus ballardensis, Winchelloceras knappi (all from Coral Ridge Member, New Providence Formation, Borden Group),^[11] Muenstroceras oweni, M. parallelum, Kazakhstania colubrella, Imitoceras ixion, Masonoceras kentuckiense, Merocanites drostei, Dzhaprakoceras sp., Polaricyclus bordenensis, Winchelloceras allei (all from Nada and Cowbell Members)^[12]
• Crinoids: Pachyocrinus aequalis (from Muldraugh Mbr.),^[11] Gilmocrinus kentuckyensis (from Muldraugh Mbr.),^[13] Rhodocrinites barrisi divergens, Gilbertsocrinus tuberculosus, Gilbertsocrinus typus, Actinocrinites eximius, Actinocrinites scitulus, Blairocrinus protuberatus, Steganocrinus, Uperocrinus pyriformis, Uperocrinus acuminatus, Eretmocrinus cloelia, Macrocrinus konincki, Dorycrinus quinquelobus, Aorocrinus nodulus, Agaricocrinus planoconvexus, Agaricocrinus inflatus, Dichocrinuspocillum Dichocrinus, Paradichocrinus liratus, Platycrinites glyptus, Platycrinites planus, Platycrinities spinifer, Cyathocrinites iowensis, Barycrinus spurious, Costalocrinus cornutus, Meniscocrinus, Pellecrinus obuncus, Atelestocrinus kentuckyensis, Holcocrinus spinobrachiatus, Blothrocrinus swallovi, Coeliocrinus subspinosus, Decadocrinus scalaris, Taxocrinus, Synbathocrinus dentatus, Halysiocrinus dactylus (from Nada Mbr.).^[14]
• Blastoids: Granatocrinus kentuckyensis (from New Providence Shale)^[11]

A rare soft-bodied fossil that was recovered from the Farmers Member of the Borden Formation in northeastern Kentucky was interpreted as a chondrophorine float (an internal anatomical feature).^[15]

Trace fossils

Zoophycos is present in the turbidites of the Farmers Member of the Borden Formation in Kentucky.

External links

• Upper Devonian—Lower Mississippian clastic rocks in northeastern Kentucky: Evidence for Acadian alpine glaciation and models for source-rock and reservoir-rock development in the eastern United States, Ettensohn, F.R., Lierman, R.T., and Mason, C.E., 2009, American Institute of Professional Geologists, Kentucky Section, Spring Field Trip, April 18, 2009
• Matchen, D.L. and T.W. Kammer. 1994. Sequence stratigraphy of the Lower Mississippian Price and Borden Formations in southern West Virginia and eastern Kentucky. SOUTHEASTERN GEOLOGY, 34:25-41. PDF

Notes and References

1. Cumings, E.R., 1922, Nomenclature and description of the geological formations of Indiana, IN Logan, W.N., and others, Handbook of Indiana Geology: Indiana Division of Geology Publication, no. 21, p. 403–570
2. Peck, J.H., 1969, Geologic map of the Flemingsburg quadrangle, Fleming and Mason Counties, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map, GQ-837, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000
3. Weir, G.W., 1976, Geologic map of the Means quadrangle, east-central Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map, GQ-1324, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000
4. Chesnut, D.R., Jr., 1992, Stratigraphic and structural framework of the Carboniferous rocks of the central Appalachian basin in Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey Bulletin, 11th series, no. 3, 42 p.
5. Matchen, D.L., and Kammer, T.W., 1994, Sequence stratigraphy of the Lower Mississippian Price and Borden Formations in southern West Virginia and eastern Kentucky: Southeastern Geology, v. 34, no. 1, p. 25–41.
6. Shaver, R.H., Burger, A.M., Gates, G.R., Gray, H.H., and others, 1970, Compendium of rock-unit stratigraphy in Indiana: Indiana Geological Survey Bulletin, no. 43, 229 p.
7. Kepferle, R.C., 1971, Members of the Borden Formation (Mississippian) in north-central Kentucky, IN Contributions to stratigraphy, 1971: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, 1354-B, p. B1–B18.
8. Weir, G.W., Gualtieri, J.L., and Schlanger, S.O., 1966, Borden Formation (Mississippian) in south- and southeast-central Kentucky, IN Contributions to stratigraphy, 1965: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, 1224-F, p. F1–F38. https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/djvu/B/bull_1224_f.djvu
9. http://igs.indiana.edu/compendium/comp5u3o.cfm Edwardsville Formation at the Indiana Geological Survey
10. Crinoids from the Edwardsville Formation (Lower Mississippian) of Southern Indiana. William I. Ausich and N. Gary Lane, Journal of Paleontology, November 1982, Volume 56, Number 6, pages 1343-1361 (abstract)
11. http://www.kyanageo.org/mississippian.html KYANA Geological Society (Mississippian)
12. David M. Work and Charles E. Mason. 2003. Mississippian (Middle Osagean) Ammonoids from the Nada Member of the Borden Formation, Kentucky, Journal of Paleontology, Vol. 77, No. 3 (May, 2003), pp. 593-596 https://www.jstor.org/stable/4094805
13. Kammer, T.W., W. I. Ausich, and A. Goldstein. 2007. Gilmocrinus kentuckyensis n. sp. from the late Osgean (Mississippian) Muldraugh Member of the Borden Formation in Kentucky: a European immigrant originally derived from North America? Journal of Paleontology, 81:209-212. http://www.geo.wvu.edu/~kammer/reprints/Gilmocrinus2007.pdf
14. Lee, K.G., W.I. Ausich, and T.W. Kammer. 2005. Crinoids from the Nada Member of the Borden Formation (Lower Mississippian) in eastern Kentucky. Journal of Paleontology, 79:337-355. http://www.geo.wvu.edu/~kammer/reprints/NadaCrinoids2005.pdf
15. Ellis L. Yochelson and Charles E. Mason. 1986. A Chondrophorine Coelenterate from the Borden Formation (Lower Mississippian) of Kentucky, Journal of Paleontology, Vol. 60, No. 5 (September 1986), pp. 1025-1028 https://www.jstor.org/stable/1305181