| Aweer | |
| Also Known As: | Boni |
| States: | Kenya |
| Region: | Coast Province, North-Eastern Province |
| Ethnicity: | Aweer |
| Speakers: | 7,600 |
| Date: | 2009 census |
| Ref: | e18 |
| Familycolor: | Afro-Asiatic |
| Fam2: | Cushitic |
| Fam3: | Lowland East |
| Fam4: | Macro-Somali |
| Iso3: | bob |
| Glotto: | awee1242 |
| Glottorefname: | Aweer |
| Lingua: | 14-GAF-a |
| Dia1: | Kilii |
| Dia2: | Baddey |
| Dia3: | Bireeri |
| Dia4: | Jara |
| Dia5: | Kijee |
| Dia6: | Safaree |
| Script: | Latin |
| Map: | Eastern-Omo-Tana.jpg |
| Mapcaption: | Area where the Eastern Omo-Tana languages (minus Bayso and Rendille) are spoken |
Aweer (Aweera), also known as Boni (Bon, Bonta), is a Cushitic language of Eastern Kenya. The Aweer people, known by the arguably derogatory exonym Boni, are historically a hunter-gatherer people, traditionally subsisting on hunting, gathering, and collecting honey.[1] [2] Their ancestral lands range along the Kenyan coast from the Lamu and Ijara Districts into Southern Somalia's Badaade District.[3] [4]
According to Ethnologue, there are around 8,000 speakers of Aweer. Aweer has similarities with the Garre language,[5] [6] [7] however, its speakers are distinct in culture and appearance from Garre speakers.[8]
There are suggestions that the Aweer speech community are remnants of the early hunter-gatherer inhabitants of Eastern Africa, although this is not without debate among specialists and unlike the neighboring speakers of the Dahalo language, there is no concrete linguistic evidence of a shift from a prior language; it is best said that the possibility of said shift is more so based on assumptions regarding their status as foragers as opposed to linguistic evidence of the same sort found in neighboring languages. As noted in Heine (1982:141), the debate regarding the situation of if the Aweer have or have not shifted from a prior language is as follows:[9]
Tosco (1994) notes that Heine agrees with the second historical scenario, and as Tosco (1994:155) goes on to state:
Further on in the same paper, Tosco does note that there are oral traditions among the Aweer ethnic community that they had at one point had cattle and, as a result of losing them (and presumably their social status), had become foragers. A similar view can be found in Stiles (1988:41-42),[10] and the general consensus is that while the actual origin of the Aweer and their language is not known definitively, it is likely that they at one point were not foragers. A competing hypothesis, and perhaps equally plausible one in the same vein as Heine's first scenario, is put forth by Tosco (1994:159) that links the emergence of Aweer to the expansion of Garre-speakers from the northeast:
He then notes that in a forthcoming work to be published, Tosco (1992),[11] that there are loans of East Omo-Tana (or in his words, "Somali") origin within Dahalo that could have only been loaned by either Aweer or Garre, such as the verb šir- (IPA: [ʃir-]) 'to be there, to exist'
The phonemic inventory reconstructed for Proto-Aweer (the last common stage of all Aweer dialects) is as follows:
| Nasal | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |
| voiced | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||||
| ejective | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |||||
| implosive | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |||||
| Fricative | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||||
| Approximant | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |||||
| Rhotic | pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/ | |||||||