Bone morphogenetic protein 5 explained

Bone morphogenetic protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP5 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

The protein encoded by this gene is member of the TGFβ superfamily. Bone morphogenetic proteins are known for their ability to induce bone and cartilage development. BMP5 may play a role in certain cancers. Like other BMP's BMP5 is inhibited by chordin and noggin. It is expressed in the trabecular meshwork and optic nerve head and may have a role in the development and normal function. It is also expressed in the lung and liver.

This gene encodes a member of the bone morphogenetic protein family which is part of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. The superfamily includes large families of growth and differentiation factors. Bone morphogenetic proteins were originally identified by an ability of demineralized bone extract to induce endochondral osteogenesis in vivo in an extraskeletal site. These proteins are synthesized as prepropeptides, cleaved, and then processed into dimeric proteins. This protein may act as an important signaling molecule within the trabecular meshwork and optic nerve head, and may play a potential role in glaucoma pathogenesis. This gene is differentially regulated during the formation of various tumors.^[3]

Further reading

• Celeste AJ, Iannazzi JA, Taylor RC, Hewick RM, Rosen V, Wang EA, Wozney JM . Identification of transforming growth factor beta family members present in bone-inductive protein purified from bovine bone . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 87 . 24 . 9843–7 . Dec 1990 . 2263636 . 55270 . 10.1073/pnas.87.24.9843 . 1990PNAS...87.9843C . free .
• Sakaue M, Kitazawa S, Nishida K, Kitazawa R, Maeda S . Molecular cloning and characterization of human bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-5 gene promoter . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 221 . 3 . 768–72 . Apr 1996 . 8630036 . 10.1006/bbrc.1996.0671 .
• You L, Kruse FE, Pohl J, Völcker HE . Bone morphogenetic proteins and growth and differentiation factors in the human cornea . Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science . 40 . 2 . 296–311 . Feb 1999 . 9950587 .
• Imai N, Iwai A, Hatakeyama S, Matsuzaki K, Kitagawa Y, Kato S, Hokari R, Kawaguchi A, Nagao S, Miyahara T, Itoh K, Miura S . Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins in colon carcinoma with heterotopic ossification . Pathology International . 51 . 8 . 643–8 . Aug 2001 . 11564221 . 10.1046/j.1440-1827.2001.01243.x . 35052100 .
• Jin Y, Lu HB, Liong E, Lau TY, Tipoe GL . Transcriptional mRNA of BMP-2, 3, 4 and 5 in trigeminal nerve, benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors . Histology and Histopathology . 16 . 4 . 1013–9 . Oct 2001 . 11642720 .
• Cohen A, Mulas R, Seri M, Gaiero A, Fichera G, Marini M, Baffico M, Camera G . Meier-Gorlin syndrome (ear-patella-short stature syndrome) in an Italian patient: clinical evaluation and analysis of possible candidate genes . American Journal of Medical Genetics . 107 . 1 . 48–51 . Jan 2002 . 11807867 . 10.1002/ajmg.10083 .
• Jiang FX, Stanley EG, Gonez LJ, Harrison LC . Bone morphogenetic proteins promote development of fetal pancreas epithelial colonies containing insulin-positive cells . Journal of Cell Science . 115 . Pt 4 . 753–60 . Feb 2002 . 10.1242/jcs.115.4.753 . 11865031 .
• Luo J, Dunn T, Ewing C, Sauvageot J, Chen Y, Trent J, Isaacs W . Gene expression signature of benign prostatic hyperplasia revealed by cDNA microarray analysis . The Prostate . 51 . 3 . 189–200 . May 2002 . 11967953 . 10.1002/pros.10087 . 42730702 .
• Wordinger RJ, Agarwal R, Talati M, Fuller J, Lambert W, Clark AF . Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), BMP receptors, and BMP associated proteins in human trabecular meshwork and optic nerve head cells and tissues . Molecular Vision . 8 . 241–50 . Jul 2002 . 12131877 .
• Nakayama N, Han CY, Cam L, Lee JI, Pretorius J, Fisher S, Rosenfeld R, Scully S, Nishinakamura R, Duryea D, Van G, Bolon B, Yokota T, Zhang K . A novel chordin-like BMP inhibitor, CHL2, expressed preferentially in chondrocytes of developing cartilage and osteoarthritic joint cartilage . Development . 131 . 1 . 229–40 . Jan 2004 . 14660436 . 10.1242/dev.00901 . free .
• Xu WP, Shiba H, Mizuno N, Uchida Y, Mouri Y, Kawaguchi H, Kurihara H . Effect of bone morphogenetic proteins-4, -5 and -6 on DNA synthesis and expression of bone-related proteins in cultured human periodontal ligament cells . Cell Biology International . 28 . 10 . 675–82 . 2005 . 15516325 . 10.1016/j.cellbi.2004.06.004 . 45261710 .
• Bobinac D, Marić I, Zoricić S, Spanjol J, Dordević G, Mustać E, Fuckar Z . Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins in human metastatic prostate and breast cancer . Croatian Medical Journal . 46 . 3 . 389–96 . Jun 2005 . 15861517 .
• Bramlage CP, Häupl T, Kaps C, Ungethüm U, Krenn V, Pruss A, Müller GA, Strutz F, Burmester GR . Decrease in expression of bone morphogenetic proteins 4 and 5 in synovial tissue of patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis . Arthritis Research & Therapy . 8 . 3 . R58 . 2006 . 16542506 . 1526630 . 10.1186/ar1923 . free .
• Wilkins JM, Southam L, Price AJ, Mustafa Z, Carr A, Loughlin J . Extreme context specificity in differential allelic expression . Human Molecular Genetics . 16 . 5 . 537–46 . Mar 2007 . 17220169 . 10.1093/hmg/ddl488 . free .

Notes and References

1. Hahn GV, Cohen RB, Wozney JM, Levitz CL, Shore EM, Zasloff MA, Kaplan FS . A bone morphogenetic protein subfamily: chromosomal localization of human genes for BMP5, BMP6, and BMP7 . Genomics . 14 . 3 . 759–62 . Nov 1992 . 1427904 . 10.1016/S0888-7543(05)80181-8 . free .
2. Beck HN, Drahushuk K, Jacoby DB, Higgins D, Lein PJ . Bone morphogenetic protein-5 (BMP-5) promotes dendritic growth in cultured sympathetic neurons . BMC Neuroscience . 2 . 12 . Mar 2003 . 11580864 . 56999 . 10.1186/1471-2202-2-12 . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: BMP5 bone morphogenetic protein 5.