Bone morphogenetic protein 3 explained

Bone morphogenetic protein 3 should not be confused with BMP-3.

Bone morphogenetic protein 3, also known as osteogenin, is a protein in humans that is encoded by the BMP3 gene.^[1]

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily. It, unlike other bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP's) inhibits the ability of other BMP's to induce bone and cartilage development. It is a disulfide-linked homodimer. It negatively regulates bone density. BMP3 is an antagonist to other BMP's in the differentiation of osteogenic progenitors.It is highly expressed in fractured tissues.

Cancer

BMP3 is hypermethylated in many cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) and hence along with other hypermethylated genes, may be used as a biomarker to detect early stage CRC.^{[2] [3]}

Further reading

• Dickinson ME, Kobrin MS, Silan CM, Kingsley DM, Justice MJ, Miller DA, Ceci JD, Lock LF, Lee A, Buchberg AM . Chromosomal localization of seven members of the murine TGF-beta superfamily suggests close linkage to several morphogenetic mutant loci . Genomics . 6 . 3 . 505–20 . March 1990 . 1970330 . 10.1016/0888-7543(90)90480-I .
• Tabas JA, Zasloff M, Wasmuth JJ, Emanuel BS, Altherr MR, McPherson JD, Wozney JM, Kaplan FS . Bone morphogenetic protein: chromosomal localization of human genes for BMP1, BMP2A, and BMP3 . Genomics . 9 . 2 . 283–9 . February 1991 . 2004778 . 10.1016/0888-7543(91)90254-C . free .
• Paralkar VM, Nandedkar AK, Pointer RH, Kleinman HK, Reddi AH . Interaction of osteogenin, a heparin binding bone morphogenetic protein, with type IV collagen . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 265 . 28 . 17281–4 . October 1990 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)44900-3 . 2211625 . free .
• Rosen V, Wozney JM, Wang EA, Cordes P, Celeste A, McQuaid D, Kurtzberg L . Purification and molecular cloning of a novel group of BMPs and localization of BMP mRNA in developing bone . Connective Tissue Research . 20 . 1–4 . 313–9 . 1990 . 2612162 . 10.3109/03008208909023902 .
• Wozney JM, Rosen V, Celeste AJ, Mitsock LM, Whitters MJ, Kriz RW, Hewick RM, Wang EA . Novel regulators of bone formation: molecular clones and activities . Science . 242 . 4885 . 1528–34 . December 1988 . 3201241 . 10.1126/science.3201241 . 1988Sci...242.1528W .
• Faucheux C, Ulysse F, Bareille R, Reddi AH, Amédée J . Opposing actions of BMP3 and TGF beta 1 in human bone marrow stromal cell growth and differentiation . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 241 . 3 . 787–93 . December 1997 . 9434787 . 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7792 . free .
• Daluiski A, Engstrand T, Bahamonde ME, Gamer LW, Agius E, Stevenson SL, Cox K, Rosen V, Lyons KM . Bone morphogenetic protein-3 is a negative regulator of bone density . Nature Genetics . 27 . 1 . 84–8 . January 2001 . 11138004 . 10.1038/83810 . 205097212 .
• Jin Y, Lu HB, Liong E, Lau TY, Tipoe GL . Transcriptional mRNA of BMP-2, 3, 4 and 5 in trigeminal nerve, benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors . Histology and Histopathology . 16 . 4 . 1013–9 . October 2001 . 11642720 .
• Kloen P, Di Paola M, Borens O, Richmond J, Perino G, Helfet DL, Goumans MJ . BMP signaling components are expressed in human fracture callus . Bone . 33 . 3 . 362–71 . September 2003 . 13678778 . 10.1016/S8756-3282(03)00191-1 .
• Kang Q, Sun MH, Cheng H, Peng Y, Montag AG, Deyrup AT, Jiang W, Luu HH, Luo J, Szatkowski JP, Vanichakarn P, Park JY, Li Y, Haydon RC, He TC . Characterization of the distinct orthotopic bone-forming activity of 14 BMPs using recombinant adenovirus-mediated gene delivery . Gene Therapy . 11 . 17 . 1312–20 . September 2004 . 15269709 . 10.1038/sj.gt.3302298 . 24526533 .
• Chen AL, Fang C, Liu C, Leslie MP, Chang E, Di Cesare PE . Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins, receptors, and tissue inhibitors in human fetal, adult, and osteoarthritic articular cartilage . Journal of Orthopaedic Research . 22 . 6 . 1188–92 . November 2004 . 15475196 . 10.1016/j.orthres.2004.02.013 . 11544281 . free .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: BMP3 bone morphogenetic protein 3 (osteogenic).
2. Rasmussen SL, Krarup HB, Sunesen KG, Pedersen IS, Madsen PH, Thorlacius-Ussing O . Hypermethylated DNA as a biomarker for colorectal cancer: a systematic review . Colorectal Disease . 18 . 6 . 549–61 . June 2016 . 26998585 . 10.1111/codi.13336 . 25724654 .
3. Kormi . Seyed Mohammad Amin . Ardehkhani . Shima . Kerachian . Mohammad Amin . New insights into colorectal cancer screening and early detection tests . Colorectal Cancer . November 2017 . 6 . 2 . 63–68 . 10.2217/crc-2017-0007 .