See also: Operation Pointblank and Operation Crossbow.
| Conflict: | Friedrichshafen World War II bombings |
| Date: | 1944-1945 |
| Place: | Lake Constance district |
| Combatant1: |  Fifteenth Air Force RAF Bomber Command |
| Combatant2: | Luftwaffe (Defence of the Reich) |
| Commander1: | Carl Spaatz Arthur Harris |
The German city of Friedrichshafen was bombed during World War II as part of the Allied strategic bombing campaign against German war materiel industry, particularly in the targeting of German fighter aircraft production and long range missile development.
Friedrichshafen lies in the Bodenseekreis district on Lake Constance in the extreme south of Germany, and at the time it was at the edge of the German nightfighter defences.Targets included the Dornier Flugzeugwerke aircraft works at Manzell, the Maybach tank engine factory, the Luftschiffbau Zeppelin aircraft works and its Oberraderach test facility near Raderach, and the Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen (literally "gearwheel factory Friedrichshafen") tank gearbox factory.
In February 1944 an underground factory at Immenstaad near Friedrichshafen was suspected to be a synthetic oil and/or liquid oxygen plant.[1] Near Überlingen, forced labor of concentration camp prisoners in the Goldbach tunnels,[2] KZ Nebenlager Raderach[3] and the Aufkirch subcamp of Dachau concentration camp was used for constructing an underground facility for armament manufacturing (code name "Magnesit"[2]) safe from Allied air raids.
| Date | Target | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zeppelin Works | Allied intelligence had suspected the Zeppelin Works (German: [[Luftschiffbau Zeppelin]] GmbH) was involved with the V-2 rocket.[4] | ||
| Zeppelin Works | Operation Bellicose targeted suspected Würzburg radar production at Friedrichshafen.[5] (In early June, a CIU photo interpreter (Claude Wavell) had identified a stack of ribbed baskets--Würzburg radar reflectors—at the Zeppelin Works, Winston Churchill had reviewed the photos on June 14, and No. 5 Group RAF received attack orders on June 16.)[6] The bombing hit the Zeppelin Works' V-2 production which had only produced a few V-2 tanks and fuselage sections by June 20.[7] | ||
| 27/28 April 1944 | ZF Friedrichshafen | A night attack by 322 heavy bombers damaged several factories and destroyed the factory producing tank gearboxes. 1,234 tons of bombs were dropped causing (an estimated) 67 percent of the town's built-up area to be destroyed.[8] | |
| 1944-07-20 | Zeppelin Works | The 485 BG bombed Luftschiffbau Zeppelin.[9] V-2 production planned for Zeppelin had already been moved to the Mittelwerk after the 1943 British bombing raid on the Peenemünde Army Research Center. | |
| 1944-07-28 | The 464 BG bombed the Manzell aircraft works. | ||
| 1944-08-03 | Oberraderach & ZF Friedrichshafen | Oberraderach (primary target) and the Zahnradfabrik secondary target were bombed.[10] [11] As early as September 20, 1942, Albert Speer had warned Hitler of the critical importance of Friedrichshafen tank plants and Schweinfurt ball-bearing plants.[12] | |
| 1944-08-16 | Oberraderach | The 485 BG bombed the Ober chemical works. | |
| 1945-02-25 | Maybach tank factory | Mission 847: 377 B-17s are sent to hit the Maybach tank factory at Friedrichshafen (63) using Gee-H.[13] Maybach Motorenbau (Friedrichshafen) and Norddeutsche Motorenbau (Berlin) produced nearly all tank engines.[14] | |