2009 Bolivian general election explained

Country:	Bolivia
Flag Year:	state
Previous Election:	2005 Bolivian presidential election
Previous Year:	2005
Next Election:	2014 Bolivian general election
Next Year:	2014
Election Date:	December 6, 2009
Module:	Embed: yes Election Name: Presidential election Type: presidential Image1: Evo Morales Ayma (cropped 3).jpg Nominee1: Evo Morales Party1: Movement for Socialism (Bolivia) Running Mate1: Álvaro García Linera Popular Vote1: 2,943,209 Percentage1: 64.22% Nominee2: Manfred Reyes Villa Party2: Plan Progress for Bolivia – National Convergence Running Mate2: Leopoldo Fernández Popular Vote2: 1,212,795 Percentage2: 24.46% Image3: SamuelDM.png Nominee3: Samuel Doria Medina Party3: National Unity Front Running Mate3: Gabriel Helbing Popular Vote3: 258,971 Percentage3: 5.65% President Before Election: Evo Morales Before Party: Movement for Socialism (Bolivia) After Election: Evo Morales After Party: Movement for Socialism (Bolivia)

General elections were held in Bolivia on December 6, 2009,^[1] following a constitutional referendum held on 25 January 2009.^{[2] [3]} The election was initially expected to be held in 2010.^[4] Voters elected:

• President and Vice President of the Republic.
• 130 members of the Chamber of Deputies.
• 36 members of the Senate.

The five departments which had not already done so all voted to have departmental autonomy. Eleven municipalities voted to have indigenous autonomy, out of twelve holding such referendums.^[5] One province voted to have regional autonomy.

Presidential candidates

Under the new constitution, all previous terms will not be considered for term limits. If any candidate fails to win over 50% of the vote and another candidate is within 10%, a second round will be held. It was the first time that an incumbent president ran for reelection. The presidential candidates were:

• Evo Morales (Movement for Socialism): incumbent president, the first of indigenous identity. He is Aymara.
• Manfred Reyes Villa (Plan Progress for Bolivia – National Convergence): former prefect of the Cochabamba Department.
• René Joaquino (Social Alliance): Mayor of Potosí
• Samuel Doria Medina (Frente de Unidad Nacional)
• Alejo Véliz (Pueblos por la Libertad y Soberanía)
• Ana María Flores (Movimiento de Unidad Social Patriótica)
• Rime Choquehuanca (Bolivia Social Demócrata)
• Román Loayza (Gente)

Opinion polls

Polling prior to the election indicated that incumbent Evo Morales enjoyed a 55% approval rating, as well as an 18-point lead over his closest challenger Manfred Reyes Villa.^[6] As Morales was expected to cruise to reelection, the local press reported that Villa has already purchased an airplane ticket to the United States for the 7th (the day after the election).^[6]

Results

Evo Morales won a convincing victory, with 64.22% of the vote. His party, Movement for Socialism, won a two-thirds majority in both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate.

Autonomy referendums

Departments

The five departments which had not already done so all voted to become autonomous departments. Each will have to produce a statute of autonomy. They were:

• Chuquisaca Department—79% voting yes
• Cochabamba Department—76.8% voting yes
• La Paz Department—79.6% voting yes
• Oruro Department—73.1% voting yes
• Potosí Department—73.9% voting yes^[7]

Regional autonomy

The Gran Chaco Province in Tarija held a referendum on regional autonomy, which was approved by 80.4% of voters.^[8]

Municipalities

The following municipalities voted on whether to become autonomous municipalities according to the Indigenous Originary Campesino Autonomy provisions of the 2009 Constitution. Eleven voted yes:

• Huacaya Municipality (Chuquisaca Department) – 53.7% of voters in favor of autonomy^[9]
• Tarabuco Municipality (Chuquisaca Department) – 90.8%
• Mojocoya Municipality (Chuquisaca Department) – 88.3%
• Charazani Municipality (La Paz Department) – 86.6%
• Jesús de Machaca Municipality (La Paz Department) – 56.1%
• Pampa Aullagas Municipality (Oruro Department) – 83.7%
• San Pedro de Totora Municipality (Oruro Department) -- 74.5%
• Chipaya Municipality (Oruro Department) -- 91.9%
• Salinas de Garci Mendoza Municipality (Oruro Department) -- 75.1%
• Chayanta Municipality (Potosí Department) – 60%
• Charagua Municipality (Santa Cruz Department) – 55.7%

One municipality voted no:

• Curahuara de Carangas Municipality

Notes and References

1. News: Bolivien: Einigung über Verfassungsreferendum . . APA . 21 October 2008 . 22 March 2009 . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20090215020316/http://diepresse.com/home/politik/aussenpolitik/424062/index.do?_vl_backlink=%2Fhome%2Findex.do . 15 February 2009 . dead .
2. News: Bolivia set for constitution vote . . 22 October 2008 . 22 March 2009 .
3. http://www.plenglish.com/article.asp?ID={770AB960-1BD0-4417-8B3F-364526BF6886})&language=EN
4. Web site: General Elections in Bolivia, December 2009 (ARI). Elcano Royal Institute.
5. Diego Andrés Chávez Rodríguez, "La Autonomía Indígena Originario Campesina: Entre la formalidad y la autodeterminación," Diálogos en Democracia, 21 March 2010 (Supplement to Pulso Bolivia).
6. News: Morales keeps faith with populism ahead of Bolivia poll. 5 Dec 2009. FT. 6 December 2009. 15 November 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111115194115/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/7bf63bfc-e13e-11de-af7a-00144feab49a.html. dead.
7. La Bolivia autonómica, Los Tiempos (Cochabamba), edición especial, 6 August 2010
8. Ministerio de Autonomías, "Región Autónoma Chaco Tarijeño ."
9. "Las autonomías indígenas avanzan a paso lento per seguro, entre consensos e interrogantes" Diálogos en Democracia, 21 March 2010 (Supplement to Pulso Bolivia).