Bolivia–Denmark relations explained

Bolivia–Denmark relations refers to bilateral relations between Bolivia and Denmark. Bolivia is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.^[1] Denmark is accredited to Bolivia from its embassy in Bogotá, Colombia.^[2]

History

Diplomatic relations were established on 28 February 1930.^[3] On 9 November 1931, a commercial treaty was signed, to further develop commercial relations between Bolivia and Denmark.^{[4] [5]} In 1974, an agreement on a Danish loan to Bolivia was signed.^[6] In 1977, another agreement on a loan to Bolivia was signed.^[7] In August 2000, Bolivia and Denmark signed a Mining–Environment accord, an agreement to reduce the environmental and social effects in some Bolivian towns. Denmark is assisting Bolivia with $1.54 million for the agreement.^[8]

In 2006, when the Bolivian President Evo Morales ordered the Bolivian gas resources to be nationalized, the Danish Development Minister Ulla Tørnæs threatened to stop the assistance, because it is not compatible with the Danish development assistance.^[9] In December 2009, Bolivian President Evo Morales visited Denmark for the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference.^[10] After the conference, Bolivia accused the United States and Denmark for cutting the aid to Bolivia because of their opposition to the Copenhagen Accord.^[11] In 2009, when Morales tried to lift a ban on coca in the United Nations treaty Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Denmark with some other countries opposed the idea.^[12]

Bolivia was chosen as a programme country for Denmark in 1994, because Bolivia was the poorest country in South America. Denmark started assisting Bolivia with diaries. Because of the political situation in Bolivia, Denmark suspended the assistance in 1980. In 1993 the cooperation resumed.^[13] Danish development assistance to Bolivia focuses on democracy, human rights, agriculture, education and environment.^[13] In 2005, DANIDA cut the aid from 200 million to 150 million because of the social problems in Bolivia.^[14] In 2010, after 13 years of cooperation, the assistance for indigenous people ended.^[15]

Trade

In 2008, Danish exports to Bolivia amounted 51 million DKK, and Bolivian exports amounted 6 million DKK.^[16]

Further reading

• Book: 2005. Bolivia — Denmark Partnership. 87-7667-265-4. Minister of Foreign Affairs (Denmark).
• Book: Udenrigsministeriet. May 1997. Bolivia — Landestrategi for Bolivia. da. 32. DANIDA. 5 April 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20120315002708/http://www.latinamerika.um.dk/Publikationer/Danida/Dansk/LandeOgRegioner/Bolivia/Landestrategi/landestrategi_for_boliva.pdf. 2012-03-15. dead.

See also

• Foreign relations of Bolivia
• Foreign relations of Denmark

Notes and References

1. Web site: Diplomatic list in Copenhagen (page 44). 2019-06-11. 2020-11-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20201111041112/https://um.dk/ftp-upload/copenhagen-diplomatic-list.docx. live.
2. Web site: Embassy of Denmark in Colombia. 2022-03-27. 2022-01-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20220123155218/https://bolivia.um.dk/. live.
3. Book: World Court reports: a collection of the judgments, orders and opinions of the Permanent Court of International Justice. 1934. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Manley Ottmer Hudson.
4. Book: League of Nations. Harrison and Sons. Treaty series: publication of treaties and international engagements registered with the Secretariat of the League, 146–147. University of Michigan. 1934. 29. ... and His Excellency the President of the Republic of Bolivia, being equally desirous of furthering the development of commercial relations between Denmark and Bolivia, have decided to conclude a Commercial Treaty with this object. 5 April 2011.
5. Book: Publications of the Permanent Court of International Justice: Annual report 8. Sijthoff. 1931. University of Wisconsin. 67. 5 April 2011.
6. 10 July 1974. Agreement on a Danish Government Loan to Bolivia. 13682. 6. United Nations Treaty Series. United Nations. 5 April 2011.
7. 24 February 1977. Agreement on a Danish Government Loan to Bolivia. 16043. 7. United Nations Treaty Series. United Nations. 5 April 2011.
8. News: Bolivia, Denmark to Sign Mining-Environ. Accord. Business News America. 23 August 2000. 5 April 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223206/http://www.bnamericas.com/news/metals/Bolivia,_Denmark_to_Sign_Mining-Environ,_Accord. 3 March 2016. dead.
9. News: Truer med at stoppe bistand til Bolivia. DR. 11 May 2006. 5 April 2011. 21 October 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121021135110/http://www.dr.dk/P1/orientering/indslag/2006/05/11/144610.htm. live.
10. News: Bolivian President Evo Morales at COP15 Summit. Demotix. 16 December 2009. 5 April 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111006051950/http://www.demotix.com/news/206182/bolivian-president-evo-morales-cop15-summit. 2011-10-06. dead.
11. Web site: U.S., Denmark cut climate aid after summit: Bolivia. Alister Doyle and Gerard Wynn. 10 April 2010. Reuters. Reuters. 5 April 2011. 6 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160306102044/http://uk.reuters.com/article/us-climate-idUKTRE6372AT20100410. live.
12. News: U.S. anti-Morales proposal to legalize coca chewing. M24 Digital. 19 January 2011. 5 April 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110213163407/http://m24digital.com/en/2011/01/19/u-s-anti-morales-proposal-to-legalize-coca-chewing/. 2011-02-13. dead.
13. Web site: Danish udviklingsssamarbejde med Bolivia. Government of Denmark. da. 5 April 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110719135224/http://www.amblapaz.um.dk/da/menu/Udviklingspolitik/bistand. 2011-07-19. dead.
14. News: Danida skærer i bistanden til Bolivia. Ulandsnyt.dk. 24 April 2005. 8 April 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20120318055934/http://www.u-landsnyt.dk/nyhed/24-04-05/danida-skaerer-i-bistanden-til-bolivia. 2012-03-18. dead.
15. Web site: Oprindelige folk. Government of Denmark. da. 5 April 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110824165710/http://www.amblapaz.um.dk/da/menu/Udviklingspolitik/sector/originals/. 2011-08-24. dead.
16. Web site: Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Facts about Bolivia. Government of Denmark. da. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark). Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark). 8 April 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110122233859/http://www.um.dk/da/menu/Udenrigspolitik/Landefakta/LandefaktaLatinamerika/LandefaktaBolivia.htm. 2011-01-22. dead.