Bolam Glacier Explained

Bolam Glacier
Type:Mountain glacier
Location:Siskiyou County, California, U.S.
Map:USA California
Label Position:right
Map Size:225
Coordinates:41.4153°N -122.2006°W
Coordinates Ref:[1]
Area:2sqmi
Length:1.4miles
Thickness:70feet average
Terminus:Moraine
Status:Expanding

The Bolam Glacier is a glacier situated on the northern flank of Mount Shasta, in the U.S. state of California.[2] [3] It is the second longest glacier in California behind the nearby Whitney Glacier, and the fourth largest and most voluminous after the neighboring Hotlum Glacier, Whitney Glacier, and Wintun Glacier.[4] The Bolam Glacier flows from a cirque on the north side of Mount Shasta's main summit, with the moving ice starting below a large bergschrund which spans the glacier at 12600feet.[5] Above that, permanent snow and ice extends towards the summit to about 13500feet.[5] The glacier flows north down a steep slope and terminates near 9800feet.[5] It has a contributing drainage area of 1.03 km2.[6]

In 2002, scientists made the first detailed survey of Mount Shasta's glaciers in 50 years. They found that seven of the glaciers have grown over the period 1951–2002, with the Hotlum and Wintun nearly doubling, the Bolam increasing by half, and the Whitney and Konwakiton Glaciers growing by a third.[7] [8] [9] Due to rising global temperatures, as of 2007, alpine glaciers and rock glaciers are shrinking across the western United States.[10]

See also

Notes and References

  1. 257326. Bolam Glacier. 2012-09-30.
  2. Web site: Existing Glaciers of Mount Shasta. College of the Siskiyous. 2007-01-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20070307095557/http://www.siskiyous.edu/shasta/env/glacial/exi.htm#. March 7, 2007. dead. mdy-all.
  3. Web site: Glaciers of California . Glaciers of the American West . Glaciers Online . 2007-01-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060903035748/http://glaciers.research.pdx.edu/california.php . September 3, 2006 . dead . mdy .
  4. Web site: Driedger . Carolyn L. . Kennard, Paul M. . Ice volumes on Cascade volcanoes; Mount Rainier, Mount Hood, Three Sisters, and Mount Shasta . U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1365 . 1986 . 2007-03-06.
  5. [Google Earth]
  6. Fegel. Timothy S.. 29 March 2016. The Differing Biogeochemical and Microbial Signatures of Glaciers and Rock Glaciers. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 121. 3. 919–932. 10.1002/2015JG003236. PDXScholar Library. free.
  7. Book: Harris, Stephen L. . Fire Mountains of the West: The Cascade and Mono Lake Volcanoes (3rd ed.) . . 2005 . 109 . 978-0-87842-511-2 .
  8. Web site: Wong . Kathleen . California Glaciers . California Wild . California Academy of Sciences . 2007-01-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20061006102003/http://www.calacademy.org/calwild/2005fall/stories/glaciers.html . October 6, 2006 . dead . mdy .
  9. News: Whitney . David . A growing glacier: Mount Shasta bucks global trend, and researchers cite warming phenomena . The Bee . September 4, 2006 . 2007-01-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070121071019/http://dwb.sacbee.com/content/news/story/14317368p-15234887c.html . January 21, 2007 . dead . mdy .
  10. Diaz. Henry F.. 27 September 2007. Disappearing "alpine tundra" Köppen climatic type in the western United States. Geophysical Research Letters. 34. 18. L18707. 10.1029/2007GL031253. free.

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