Boeing–Saab T-7 Red Hawk Explained

The Boeing–Saab T-7 Red Hawk,[1] initially known as the Boeing T-X (later Boeing–Saab T-X),[2] [3] is an American–Swedish subsonic advanced jet trainer produced by Boeing with Saab. In September 2018, the United States Air Force (USAF) selected it for the T-X program to replace the Northrop T-38 Talon as the service's advanced jet trainer.

Development

The USAF's Air Education and Training Command (AETC) began developing the requirements for a replacement for the supersonic Northrop T-38 Talon as early as 2003. Originally, the replacement trainer was expected to enter service around 2020. A fatigue failure of a T-38C killed its two-person crew in 2008, and the USAF advanced the target date of initial operational capability (IOC) to 2017.[4] In the fiscal 2013 budget proposal, the USAF suggested delaying the initial operating capability to FY2020 with the contract award not expected before FY2016.[5] Shrinking budgets and higher-priority modernization projects pushed the IOC of the T-X program winner to "fiscal year 2023 or 2024". Although the program was left out of the FY 2014 budget entirely, the service still viewed the trainer as a priority.[6]

Boeing teamed up with Swedish aerospace firm Saab to compete for the T-7 program. On 13 September 2016,[7] the team unveiled prototypes of the Boeing T-X, a single-engine advanced jet trainer with a twin tail, tandem seating, and retractable tricycle landing gear, powered with a General Electric F404 afterburning turbofan engine.[8] [9] The first T-X aircraft flew on 20 December 2016.[10] [11] The Boeing–Saab team submitted their entry after the Air Force opened the T-7 program to bids in December 2016.[12]

In September 2018, Air Force officials announced that Boeing's design would be its new advanced jet trainer, under a program costing up to US$9.2 billion (~$ in) that would purchase 351 aircraft, 46 simulators, maintenance training and support. This contract has options for up to 475 airplanes in total.[13] [14] [15] [16] In 2018, Boeing recorded a $691-million (~$ in) pre-tax charge during the third quarter, in part because of the T-X program.[17]

In May 2019, Saab announced that it would open a U.S. manufacturing facility for the T-X in Indiana with Purdue University.[18] [19]

In September 2019, the USAF named the aircraft the "T-7A Red Hawk" as a tribute to the Tuskegee Airmen, who painted their airplanes' tails red, and to the Curtiss P-40 Warhawk, an aircraft flown by the 99th Fighter Squadron, the U.S. Army Air Force's first black fighter squadron.[20] [21]

The aircraft entered series production in February 2021.[22] In April 2021, Saab Group delivered one aft section of T-7A aircraft to the Boeing St. Louis plant. In July 2021, Saab had delivered the second aft section to the Boeing St. Louis plant. Boeing will splice Saab's aft section with the front section, fins, wings and tail assembly to become a complete test aircraft for use in the EMD's flight test program.[23] On completion of the Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD) phase, Saab's new facility in West Lafayette, Indiana is to serve as the manufacturing hub for the T-7A Red Hawk’s aft section and sub-systems such as hydraulics, fuel systems and secondary power.

Saab has developed new software for the T-7 to help provide for cheaper and faster development. The T-7A employed digital engineering that went from development to the first test flight within 36 months.[24] The T-7A has an advanced and digitized production line that takes only 30 minutes to splice the aft section with the wings.[25] The digital build process allows technicians to build the aircraft with minimal tooling and drilling during the assembly process.[26] The first production T-7 was rolled out on 28 April 2022.[27]

In May 2023, the Government Accountability Office released a report on the T-7 program detailing problems with the software and safety systems and other delays that saw the USAF delay the next production decision to February 2025. The report said that a schedule provided by Boeing in January 2023 was optimistic and dependent on favorable assumptions. Notwithstanding the delayed production decision, the report noted that Boeing still planned to start producing the first T-7s in early 2024.[28] [29]

In June 2023, the first flight of the T-7A production aircraft was conducted from St. Louis Lambert International Airport, by Major Bryce Turner, a test pilot with the 416th Flight Test Squadron at Edwards Air Force Base, California, and Steve Schmidt, Boeing’s chief T-7 test pilot.[30] [31]

On 21 September 2023, the first Red Hawk (tail number APT-2) was shipped to the US Air Force.[32] It was deployed at Edwards Air Force Base for testing.[33] Two additional units (APT-1 and APT-3) were delivered late 2023, with a fourth (APT-4) delayed into 2024. In total, five Red Hawks in engineering and manufacturing development configuration will be delivered for its test program. Assembly of a production model is anticipated to begin in the second quarter of 2024.[34]

Design

The T-7's design allows for future missions to be added, such as the aggressor and light attack/fighter roles.[35] In the training environment, it has been specifically designed for high-G and high-angle-of-attack maneuvers and night operations, with an emphasis on being easily maintained. The aircraft is equipped with a single GE F404 turbofan engine, but produces three times the total thrust of the T-38 twinjet.[36]

Operational history

Potential operators

Boeing aims to sell over 2,700 Red Hawks globally. In addition to the USAF, the company is also targeting Serbia as a possible replacement for its G-4s and J-22 trainer aircraft and Australia to replace 33 BAE Hawk Mk 127 Lead-in Fighter (LIF) jet trainers through the Royal Australian Air Force LIFT program.[37] [38]

The T-7B variant is one of the contenders for the United States Navy's Tactical Surrogate Aircraft program, with a possible sale of 64 aircraft.[39] [40] A navalised version, the T-7C, is also a contender for the USN's Undergraduate Jet Training System program, with a minimum order of 145 aircraft to replace existing T-45 Goshawks. Procurement of the winner of the program is expected to occur as early as 2026.[41]

The F/T-7X, a variant of the T-7, is one of the contenders for the USAF's Advanced Tactical Trainer program, with possible sales of 100 to 400 aircraft.[42] [43]

Boeing has pitched the T-7 to the Brazilian Air Force.[44] The Japanese Air Self Defense Force has expressed interest in the T-7 (or a derivative of it) to replace their aging Kawasaki T-4 jet trainers.[45]

By November 2023, the USAF was actively considering the possibility of turning the T-7 into an armed combat aircraft. Conceptually dubbed the F-7, such a jet could provide roughly the same capability as a fourth-generation fighter which could maintain force numbers as F-16s are retired, and could replace older Northrop F-5 and Dornier Alpha Jet platforms on the export market.[46] Boeing intends to offer an armed version of the T-7 to replace aging Northrop F-5 and Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet fleets around the world.

Variants

BTX-1
  • Two prototypes were constructed for evaluation:[47] [48]
    T-7A Red Hawk
  • Production aircraft for the USAF as the winner of the T-X program to replace the Northrop T-38 Talon. Designated eT-7A prior to delivery, identifying it as a digitally engineered aircraft.[49]
    T-7A Block 10
  • A variant proposed to the USAF with various avionics and safety upgrades.[50]
    T-7B
  • Variant proposed for the U.S. Navy's Tactical Surrogate Aircraft (TSA) program, with a possible sale of 64 aircraft.[51] [52]
    T-7 UJTS
  • Proposed advanced jet trainer for the United States Navy Undergraduate Jet Training System (UJTS) competition to replace the T-45 Goshawk, with a possible sale of 145 aircraft. The aircraft would not be carrier-capable.[53]
    F/T-7X
  • Variant proposed for the USAF's Advanced Tactical Trainer program, with a possible 100 to 400 aircraft sale.[54] [55]
    F-7
  • Light combat aircraft variant proposed for the USAF.[56] [57]

    Operators

    External links

    Notes and References

    1. Web site: 2021-02-19 . T-7A Red Hawk begins U.S. Production . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210419062339/https://www.boeing.com/features/2021/02/t-7a-red-hawk-begins-us-production.page . 2021-04-19 . 2021-12-30 . Boeing . A new era in aircraft design and assembly has begun as the first U.S. portion of the Boeing-Saab eT-7A Red Hawk advanced trainer officially entered the jet’s state-of-the-art production line..
    2. Web site: The Journey to West Lafayette . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201025104516/https://www.saab.com/markets/united-states/the-journey-to-west-lafayette . 2020-10-25. 2021-12-30 . Saab.
    3. Web site: 2018-10-01 . Advanced Pilot Training (T-X) Program . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211230153207/https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R44856/11 . 2021-12-30 . 2021-12-30 . Congressional Research Service.
    4. Web site: Trimble . Stephen . 22 June 2010 . US Air Force, industry prepare for T-38 replacement . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110108173546/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/06/22/343393/us-air-force-industry-prepare-for-t-38-replacement.html . 8 January 2011 . 20 September 2010 . FlightGlobal.
    5. Web site: Trimble . Stephen . 17 February 2012 . USAF delays T-38 trainer replacement to 2020 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20200922084809/https://www.flightglobal.com/usaf-delays-t-38-trainer-replacement-to-2020/104129.article . 22 September 2020 . 24 February 2013 . FlightGlobal.
    6. .
    7. Web site: Boeing T-X Sees the Light . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170504214728/http://www.boeing.com/features/2016/09/tx-rollout-09-16.page . 2017-05-04 . 2017-04-10 . Boeing.
    8. Web site: Boeing T-X Advanced Pilot Training system . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20161221235009/http://saabgroup.com/globalassets/corporate/news--press/boeing-t-x-backgrounder-sept-2016.pdf . 2016-12-21 . 28 September 2018 . Saab.
    9. Web site: Boeing and Saab Sign Joint Development Agreement on T-X Family of Systems Training Competition . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171231051625/http://boeing.mediaroom.com/Boeing-and-Saab-Sign-Joint-Development-Agreement-on-T-X-Family-of-Systems-Training-Competition . 2017-12-31 . 2017-04-10 . Boeing.
    10. News: Giangreco . Leigh . 20 December 2016 . Boeing and Saab complete first T-X flight . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20190531054356/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/boeing-and-saab-complete-first-t-x-flight-432611/ . 31 May 2019 . 28 September 2018 . FlightGlobal.
    11. Web site: Niles . Russ . 20 December 2016 . Boeing/Saab T-X First Flight . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20161224173227/http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/BoeingSaab-T-X-First-Flight-228240-1.html . 24 December 2016 . 21 December 2016 . AVweb.
    12. News: Clark . Colin . 1 February 2017 . Boeing Takes T-X Lead as Northrop Joins Raytheon & Drops Out of T-X . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170416131238/http://breakingdefense.com/2017/02/boeing-takes-t-x-lead-as-northrop-joins-raytheon-drops-out-of-t-x/ . 16 April 2017 . 16 April 2017 . Breaking Defense.
    13. News: Insinna . Valerie . 27 September 2018 . Air Force awards $9B contract to Boeing for next training jet . live . https://archive.today/20180930060212/https://www.defensenews.com/breaking-news/2018/09/27/reuters-air-force-awards-9b-contract-to-boeing-for-next-training-jet/ . 30 September 2018 . 28 September 2018 . Defense News.
    14. Web site: Saab . Air Force awards next-generation fighter and bomber trainer . 27 September 2018 . 28 September 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180928002057/https://www.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1647147/air-force-awards-next-generation-fighter-and-bomber-trainer/ . 28 September 2018 . live.
    15. Web site: Air Force Selects New Combat Trainer . O'Connor . Kate . AVweb . 2 October 2018 . 3 October 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181019214604/https://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/Air-Force-Selects-New-Combat-Trainer-231619-1.html . 19 October 2018 . live.
    16. Web site: Boeing: It's Official: Boeing Wins T-X! . Boeing . 2019-01-22 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190122044210/https://www.boeing.com/features/2018/09/tx-wins-09-18.page . 2019-01-22 . live.
    17. News: Werner . Ben . 30 April 2020 . In Role Reversal, Boeing's Defense Programs Prop Up Commercial Business . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200501132057/https://news.usni.org/2020/04/30/in-role-reversal-boeings-defense-programs-prop-up-commercial-business . 1 May 2020 . 25 February 2023 . U.S. Naval Institute.
    18. Web site: Saab announces new U.S. site for advanced manufacturing and production . Saab . en-US . 2019-05-09 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190509125728/https://saabgroup.com/media/news-press/news/2019-05/saab-announces-new-u.s.-site-for-advanced-manufacturing-and-production/ . 2019-05-09 . live.
    19. Web site: 8 May 2019 . Saab's global defense and security company lands in Indiana, to open site near Purdue University . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190508154223/https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/releases/2019/Q2/saabs-global-defense-and-security-company-lands-in-indiana,-to-open-site-near-purdue-university.html . 8 May 2019 . 9 May 2019 . Purdue . en-US.
    20. Web site: 16 September 2019 . Air Force announces newest Red Tail: 'T-7A Red Hawk' . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190918005008/https://www.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1960964/air-force-announces-newest-red-tail-t-7a-red-hawk/ . 18 September 2019 . 21 November 2019 . U.S. Air Force . The name Red Hawk honors the legacy of Tuskegee Airmen and pays homage to their signature red-tailed aircraft from World War II. …The name is also a tribute to the Curtiss P-40 Warhawk, an American fighter aircraft that first flew in 1938 and was flown by the 99th Fighter Squadron, the U.S. Army Air Forces' first African American fighter squadron..
    21. Web site: Insinna . Valerie . 16 September 2019 . This is the name of the Air Force's new training jet . live . https://archive.today/20240107230239/https://www.defensenews.com/digital-show-dailies/afa-air-space/2019/09/16/this-is-the-name-of-the-air-forces-new-training-jet/ . 7 January 2024 . 17 September 2019 . Defense News.
    22. Web site: O'Connor . Kate . 24 February 2021 . Boeing Begins T-7A Red Hawk Production . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210226215859/https://www.avweb.com/aviation-news/military-aviation/boeing-begins-t-7a-red-hawk-production/ . 26 February 2021 . 26 February 2021 . AVweb.
    23. Web site: 2021-07-27 . Saab delivers aft section of T-7A trainer for testing . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210727220534/https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2021/07/28/saab-delivers-aft-section-of-t-7a-trainer-for-testing/ . 2021-07-27 . 2021-07-28 . Global Defense Corp . en-US.
    24. Web site: Rogoway . Tyler . 16 September 2019 . The Air Force's New T-X Jet Trainer Now Has an Official Name and Designation . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230928134032/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/29869/the-air-forces-new-t-x-jet-trainer-now-has-an-official-name-and-designation . 28 September 2023 . 28 July 2021 . The Drive.
    25. Web site: 2021-04-06 . The USAF Looking to Adopt Saab Design Methodologies to Arm T-7A Red Hawk or Develop F-36 Kingsnake . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231116125251/https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2021/04/06/t-7a-red-hawk/ . 2023-11-16 . 2021-07-28 . Global Defense Corp.
    26. Web site: 2021-04-08 . Boeing Started Production of T-7A Red Hawk . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231119093917/https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2021/04/09/boeing-started-production-of-t-7a-red-hawk/ . 2023-11-19 . 2021-07-28 . Global Defense Corp . en-US.
    27. Web site: O'Connor . Kate . 28 April 2022 . Boeing Unveils First Air Force T-7A Red Hawk . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220429122844/https://www.avweb.com/web/20220429122844/https://www.avweb.com/aviation-news/military-aviation/boeing-unveils-first-air-force-t-7a-red-hawk/ . 29 April 2022 . 29 April 2022 . AVweb.
    28. Web site: Losey . Stephen . 24 May 2023 . GAO blasts T-7 delays, cites 'tenuous' Air Force-Boeing relationship . live . https://archive.today/20240107230942/https://www.defensenews.com/air/2023/05/24/gao-blasts-t-7-delays-cites-tenuous-air-force-boeing-relationship/ . 7 January 2024 . 26 May 2023 . Defense News.
    29. Web site: 18 May 2023 . Advanced Pilot Trainer: Program Success Hinges on Better Managing Its Schedule and Providing Oversight . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230518223345/https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-23-106205 . 18 May 2023 . 26 May 2023 . U.S. Government Accountability Office.
    30. Web site: Cohen . Rachel S. . 29 June 2023 . T-7 Red Hawk trainer jet takes its first flight . live . https://archive.today/20240107231425/https://www.defensenews.com/news/your-air-force/2023/06/29/t-7-red-hawk-trainer-jet-takes-its-first-flight/ . 7 January 2024 . Defense News.
    31. Web site: U.S. Air Force Flies First T-7A Red Hawk. 30 June 2023. O'Connor. Kate. AVweb. 30 June 2023. https://archive.today/20230630114000/https://www.avweb.com/aviation-news/military-aviation/u-s-air-force-flies-first-t-7a-red-hawk/. 30 June 2023. live.
    32. Web site: 25 September 2023 . USAAF modernizes training fleet with first T-7A Red Hawk . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231106160754/https://www.airrecognition.com/index.php/news/defense-aviation-news/2023-news-aviation-aerospace/september/9252-usaaf-modernizes-training-fleet-with-first-t-7a-red-hawk.html . 6 November 2023 . Air Recognition.
    33. Web site: 10 November 2023 . Boeing T-7A Red Hawk arrives at Edwards to begin testing . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231113131228/https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/training-simulation/boeing-t-7a-red-hawk-arrives-at-edwards-to-begin-testing/ . 13 November 2023 . Shephard Media.
    34. Web site: 6 February 2024 . Boeing pushes delivery of fourth T-7A to February . FlightGlobal.
    35. Web site: T-7A Red Hawk . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231229175144/https://www.boeing.com/defense/t-7a/ . 29 December 2023 . 2021-07-30 . Boeing.
    36. Web site: Johnson . Kimberly . 2022-05-03 . Boeing Unveils First USAF T-7A Red Hawk Trainer . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231109165329/https://www.flyingmag.com/boeing-unveils-first-usaf-t-7a-red-hawk-trainer/ . 2023-11-09 . 2022-11-15 . FLYING Magazine . en-US.
    37. Web site: Reim . Garrett . 14 July 2020 . Boeing sees T-7 as combat replacement for Northrop F-5 and Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20200715140619/https://www.flightglobal.com/farnborough-2020/boeing-sees-t-7-as-combat-replacement-for-northrop-f-5-and-dassault/dornier-alpha-jet/139289.article . 15 July 2020 . 17 July 2020 . FlightGlobal.
    38. Web site: Trevithick . Joseph . 30 July 2020 . Australia, Serbia Emerge As First Potential T-7A Red Hawk Jet Trainer Export Customers . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231113212011/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/35224/australia-serbia-emerge-as-first-potential-t-7a-red-hawk-jet-trainer-export-customers . 13 November 2023 . 28 July 2021 . The Drive.
    39. Web site: Newdick . Thomas . 21 October 2021 . Navy Follows Air Force In Wanting Another Jet Trainer Variant For Aggressor And Support Roles . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231115212240/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/42839/navy-follows-air-force-in-wanting-another-jet-trainer-variant-for-aggressor-and-support-roles . 15 November 2023 . 21 August 2022 . The drive.
    40. Web site: Jennings . Gareth . 11 October 2021 . US Navy seeks new 'Aggressor' training aircraft . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211025143536/https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/us-navy-seeks-new-aggressor-training-aircraft . 25 October 2021 . Jane’s.
    41. Web site: Tegler . jan . US Navy could begin replacing some T-45 jet trainers by 2026 . FlightGlobal.
    42. Web site: Insinna . Valerie . 27 October 2021 . T-X: The Sequel? New Tactical Trainer Solicitation Could Reignite Rivalries . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231116081331/https://breakingdefense.com/2021/10/t-x-the-sequel-new-tactical-trainer-solicitation-could-reignite-rivalries/ . 16 November 2023 . Breaking defense.
    43. Web site: Newdick . Thomas . 15 October 2021 . Air Force Wants Hundreds More Jet Trainers Despite Already Buying T-7 Red Hawks . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230923213549/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/42760/air-force-wants-hundreds-more-jet-trainers-despite-already-buying-t-7-red-hawks . 23 September 2023 . The Drive.
    44. Web site: 23 September 2022 . La Fuerza Aérea Brasileña interesada en aeronaves de patrulla P-8 Poseidon y entrenadores T-7 Red Hawk . The Brazilian Air Force is interested in the P-8 Poseidon patrol aircraft and T-7 Red Hawk trainers . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20221205042630/https://www.zona-militar.com/2022/09/23/la-fuerza-aerea-brasilena-estaria-interesada-en-aeronaves-de-patrulla-p-8-poseidon-y-entrenadores-t-7-red-hawk/ . 5 December 2022 . Zona Militar . es.
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    47. Web site: Inquiry Results N381TX . FAA . Registry N-Number .
    48. Web site: Inquiry Results N382TX . FAA . Registry N-Number .
    49. Web site: Reim . Garrett . 15 September 2020 . USAF's digitally engineered aircraft to receive 'e' prefix, starting with Boeing eT-7A . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200916071637/https://www.flightglobal.com/fixed-wing/usafs-digitally-engineered-aircraft-to-receive-e-prefix-starting-with-boeing-et-7a/140165.article . 16 September 2020 . 21 July 2022 . FlightGlobal.
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    52. Web site: Jennings . Gareth . 22 October 2021 . US Navy seeks new 'Aggressor' training aircraft . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211025143536/https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/us-navy-seeks-new-aggressor-training-aircraft . 25 October 2021 . Jane's.
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    54. Web site: Tirpak . John A. . 2021-12-14 . Lockheed to Offer 'Competitive Pricing' on T-50-Derived Advanced Fighter Trainer . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231119102847/https://www.airandspaceforces.com/lockheed-to-offer-competitive-pricing-on-t-50-derived-advanced-fighter-trainer/ . 2023-11-19 . 2022-08-21 . Air & Space Forces Magazine.
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